Wake wazibuza ukuthi inhliziyo yakho iqhubeka kanjani isebenza ngokungakhathali, ngisho nalapho ilimele noma icindezelekile? Isebenza ngokungapheli, impompa igazi futhi ikugcine uphila, kodwa ikhono layo lokuziphilisa lilinganiselwe. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi isayensi ithola izindlela zokusiza. Intuthuko efana nokwelashwa kwe-stem cell kanye nama-valve enhliziyo enziwe nge-bioengineered kudala amathuba amasha okwelashwa nokululama. Lezi ntuthuko zinikeza ithemba ezigidini eziphila nezimo zenhliziyo, ezinikeza ukwelashwa okungcono nokuphila okunempilo. Sikhulume naye UDkt G Rama Subramanyam, Umqondisi Wezokwelapha kanye Nomeluleki Omkhulu, Ukuhlinzwa Kwenhliziyo, Izibhedlela ze-CARE, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, owabelane ngemibono ngokufana.

Izindlela Zokubuyisela Inhliziyo Yemvelo

Ngokungafani nesibindi, inhliziyo inekhono elilinganiselwe lokulungisa izicubu ezilimele. “Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amangqamuzana emisipha yenhliziyo abizwa ngokuthi ama-cardiomyocyte awavuseleli ngokushesha.Ngesikhathi inhliziyo ibambekile, lapho umoya we-oksijini unqamuka, la mangqamuzana ayafa, esikhundleni sokukhula kwawo, athathelwa indawo yizicubu zezibazi ezingasebenzi njengemisipha yenhliziyo enempilo.Lokhu kungenza inhliziyo ingakwazi ukumpompa igazi futhi kubangele izinkinga ezizayo,” kusho uDkt Subramanyam.

Nokho, ucwaningo lwakamuva luye lwathola ukuthi inhliziyo inamandla amancane okuzilungisa. Ezinye izindawo, njenge-atrium, ziqukethe amaseli e-cardiac stem angakha amaseli emisipha amasha, kodwa ngamanani amancane kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile akwanele ukulungisa umonakalo omkhulu. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kutholakala kuvula umnyango wezokwelapha ezintsha.

Ngokusho kwe-University of Arizona Health Sciences, izicubu zenhliziyo zingakhula kabusha ngemva kokuhluleka kwenhliziyo kwabanye abantu abanezinhliziyo zokwenziwa.

Intuthuko Ekusekeleni Ukulungiswa Kwenhliziyo

Ukwelashwa Kwemithi Yomsindo

Umuthi ovuselelayo wenze inqubekelaphambili emangalisayo ekuthuthukiseni amandla okuphulukisa futhi ukwelashwa kwe-stem cell kungenye yezibonelo ezinjalo. Ngokubeka ama-stem cells ezicubu zenhliziyo ezilimele, kungasiza ukukhulisa amangqamuzana emisipha yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Ucwaningo lwakuqala lubonise ukuthuthuka ekusebenzeni kwenhliziyo kanye nezibazi ezincane.

Ukubuyekezwa okushicilelwe ku-Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacolog, okubenza babe isilinganiso esisebenzayo sokwelapha izifo zenhliziyo nezinye izinkinga zempilo.

Ama-Valves e-Bioengineered

“Izindlela ezintsha ze-bioengineering sezivumela odokotela ukuthi bakhe ama-valve enhliziyo besebenzisa amangqamuzana esiguli.Lokhu kunciphisa ingozi yokuthi umzimba ungawamukeli.Lawa mavalvu awusizo ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ngoba ayakwazi ukulungisa nokushintsha njengoba umntwana ekhula, kunciphise isidingo sokuhlinzwa izikhathi eziningi,” kusho uDkt Subramanyam.

Ucwaningo olwanyatheliswa ku-Nature Communications ngo-2019 luchaza ukuthi ososayensi bawenza kanjani ama-valve enhliziyo enziwe ngezicubu (hTESVs) besebenzisa izinto ezibolayo ezibolayo namaseli abantu. Lawa ma-valve afana nama-valve enhliziyo emvelo ngokwakheka nokusebenza. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi la ma-valve angahlangana nezicubu zomzimba, yingakho enikeza ithemba elisha lokwelapha ama-valve enhliziyo alimele.

Ubunjiniyela bezicubu kanye ne-Bioprinting

"Ososayensi baye bahlakulela ama-patches akhethekile angaxhunywa enhliziyweni ukuze anikeze ukusekela nokuyisiza ukuba ilulame. Nge-3D bioprinting, manje sebengakwazi ukwakha izicubu zenhliziyo ezinemininingwane, banikeze ithemba lokwelashwa komuntu siqu ngisho nethuba lokushintsha izitho eziphelele esikhathini esizayo," kusho uDkt. Subramanyam.

I-Gene Therapy kanye ne-Cellular Reprogramming

Ukwelashwa ngofuzo kusebenza ekuhleleni kabusha amangqamuzana akhona ukuze enze njengama-stem cells, okusiza inhliziyo ukuba izilungise. Isibonelo, ukuguqula amangqamuzana akha izibazi abe amangqamuzana emisipha yenhliziyo anempilo kunganciphisa izibazi futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kwenhliziyo.

Ukuzivikela komzimba

Ukwelashwa okusha kugxile ekuthuthukiseni amasosha omzimba ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala nokusiza ekwelapheni. Lokhu kungavimbela isibazi esinzima futhi kusekele inqubo yokwelapha yemvelo yenhliziyo

Indlela Yokuphila kanye Nokungenelela Kwezokwelapha

"Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukwelashwa okusha kunikeza ithemba, kodwa kusabalulekile ukuphila impilo enempilo futhi uthole ukunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha. Imithi efana ne-beta-blockers, i-ACE inhibitors, nama-statins ingasiza ekwehliseni ukucindezeleka enhliziyweni, ukulawula umfutho wegazi, futhi kuvimbele umonakalo.

Ubuchwepheshe obusha obufana nemishini egqokekayo kanye neziqaphi zezempilo ezisebenza nge-AI nazo zenza umehluko omkhulu. Bangakwazi ukubona izinkinga kusenesikhathi, balandelele impilo ngokuqhubekayo, futhi basize ukuvimbela izinkinga ezingathi sína ngokuvumela isenzo esifike ngesikhathi.

Ukubheka Esikhathini Esizayo

• Ama-Cardiomyocyte Akhule eLab: Ososayensi manje bakhulisa amangqamuzana emisipha yenhliziyo (i-cardiomyocyte) kumalebhu. Lokhu kungaholela ekwelashweni komuntu siqu okuthatha indawo yezicubu zenhliziyo ezilimele, kunikeze ithemba elisha leziguli ezihluleka yinhliziyo  

• Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-AI ocwaningweni lwenhliziyo: Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa busetshenziselwa ukubikezela imiphumela, ukudala amasu okwelapha afanelana nawe, nokusheshisa okutholakele ekulungiseni inhliziyo. Kuphinde kube neqhaza elikhulu ekuxilongeni kusenesikhathi nokusiza iziguli ukuthi zilulame ngokushesha. 

• I-CRISPR kanye nobunjiniyela bezofuzo: Amathuluzi afana ne-CRISPR (I-Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) ayacwaningwa ukuze kulungiswe izinkinga zofuzo ezihlobene nesifo senhliziyo. Lezi ntuthuko zingathuthukisa ikhono lenhliziyo lokuziphilisa, zenze izinhliziyo ezizilungisayo zibe yinto engenzeka ngempela esikhathini esizayo.

Ngaphansi

UDkt Subramanyam uphethe ngokuthi, “Ikhono lenhliziyo lokuzilungisa liwubufakazi bokuqina komzimba womuntu. Nakuba ukuphulukiswa kwayo ngokwemvelo kulinganiselwe, intuthuko yezokwelapha ivala igebe, iletha ithemba ezigidini zabantu abanesifo senhliziyo.”

Isixhumanisi Esiyisethenjwa

https://www.onlymyhealth.com/can-the-heart-heal-itself-breakthroughs-in-cardiac-regeneration-12977823396