I-Congenital Heart Disease Ezinganeni: Yiziphi Izinto Eziyingozi?

Nakuba isifo senhliziyo sandile kubantu abadala asebekhulile, izingane ezisencane zingase zibe nalesi simo lapho zizalwa, esaziwa nangokuthi I-Congenital Heart Disease (CHD). 

Ngokuvamile, izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ezilinganiselwa ku-2.4 lakh emhlabeni wonke zifa zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-28 zizelwe minyaka yonke ngenxa yezifo ezizalwa nazo, kusho i-World Health Organization (WHO), yenezela ukuthi ezinye izingane ezingu-1.7 lakh zifa phakathi nenyanga eyodwa neminyaka emihlanu. I-Indian Pediatrics ibika ukuthi i-CHD iyisifo sokuzalwa esivame ukwenzeka, esibangela u-28% wakho konke ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa. 

Ukunciphisa ubungozi be-CHD, kubalulekile ukuhlola izici zobungozi futhi uqonde ukuthi zingalawulwa kanjani. Sikhulume noDkt Prashant Prakashrao Patil, Udokotela Omkhulu Wokuxhumanisa Wenhliziyo Yezingane, Izibhedlela ze-CARE, i-Banjara Hills, i-Hyderabad, owasikhanyisela okufanayo. 

Iyini Isifo Senhliziyo Esizalwa (CHD)?

“I-CHD yigama elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza uxhaxha lwezinkinga zokuzalwa ezithinta ukwakheka nokusebenza kwenhliziyo,” kuchaza uDkt Patil, enezela, “Lobu buthakathaka buba khona lapho umuntu ezalwa futhi angahluka ngobukhulu, kusukela ezindabeni ezincane ezingase zingadingi ukwelashwa kuye kwezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi nezisongela ukuphila.”

Izingane ezingaphezu kuka-lakh ezimbili zilinganiselwa ukuthi zizalwa zine-CHD eNdiya minyaka yonke, ngokusho kwe-Indian Pediatrics. Kuyo yonke inombolo, cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezinhlanu kungenzeka ibe nokukhubazeka okukhulu, okudinga ukungenelela onyakeni wokuqala wokuphila, ukwabelana komzimba onempilo.  

Izingozi ze-CHD

Nakuba ingekho imbangela eqondile ye-CHD, ezinye zezinto ezibangela ingozi zihlanganisa: 

Izakhi zofuzo: I-CHD ingabangelwa ukuguqulwa kofuzo noma okungavamile okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhula kwengane. Uma kunomlando womndeni we-CHD, ingozi ingase ibe phezulu.

Izici zendawo ezungezile: Ukuchayeka ezicini ezithile zendawo ezungezile phakathi nokukhulelwa, njengokubhema umama, ukuphuza utshwala, noma izifo, kungandisa ingozi ye-CHD.

Ukungajwayelekile kwe-Chromosomal: Ezinye izifo ze-chromosomal, njenge-Down syndrome, zihlotshaniswa nengozi ephezulu ye-CHD.

Impilo kamama: Ukungondleki kahle komama, isifo sikashukela, nokukhuluphala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nakho kungaba yizici eziyingozi.

Indlela Yokunciphisa Ubungozi Ezinganeni

NgokweNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, uma umuntu esengozini enkulu yokuthola ingane enesifo senhliziyo azalwa nayo, ukuhlolwa ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuvimbela lesi sifo. Ukuhlolwa kungenziwa nge-echocardiography noma i-echo, ukuhlolwa okungenabuhlungu okusebenzisa amaza omsindo ukwenza izithombe ezinyakazayo zenhliziyo.

Nakuba ingekho indlela yokuvimbela i-CHD njalo, izinyathelo ezimbalwa zisenganciphisa ubungozi:

• Ukunakekelwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha kusenesikhathi kubalulekile ukuze kuqashwe ukukhula kombungu futhi kutholakale izinkinga ezingase zibe khona kusenesikhathi.
• Abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele bagweme ukubhema, utshwala, nokuchayeka ezintweni eziyingozi.
• Uma owesifazane enesifo esingamahlalakhona esifana nesifo sikashukela, kubalulekile ukusiphatha ngendlela efanele ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
• Uma kunomlando womndeni we-CHD noma uma ingane yangaphambilini ine-CHD, ukwelulekwa ngofuzo kungase kunconywe ukuze kuhlolwe ubungozi futhi kunikeze isiqondiso.

Ukweseka Izingane Ezinesifo Senhliziyo Esizalwa Naso

Nakuba izingane ezine-CHD zikwazi ukumelana nezimo ngokwedlulele, zingase zidinge ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe nokusekelwa. 

Ucwaningo lwango-2014 olwanyatheliswa kuyi-Journal Circulation lubonisa ukuthi i-CHD ingabangela izinguquko ekugelezeni kwegazi ebuchosheni ngaphambi nangemuva kokuzalwa, okungase kuthinte ukukhula kobuchopho ezinganeni. 

Olunye uhlobo losizo oluzodingwa izingane ezine-CHD luhlanganisa:

Ukunakekelwa kwezokwelashwa: Izingane ezine-CHD zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okukhethekile futhi zivame ukuhlinzwa noma okunye ukungenelela. Odokotela benhliziyo yezingane kanye nodokotela abahlinza inhliziyo badlala indima ebalulekile ekwelapheni kwabo.

Ukusekelwa ngokomzwelo: Ingane ene-CHD nomndeni wayo ingase ibe nezinselele ezingokomzwelo. Ukuxhumana namaqembu osekelo noma ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo kungaba usizo.

Ukwesekwa kwezemfundo: Izingane ezine-CHD zingase zibe nezidingo zemfundo ngenxa yesimo sabo sezempilo. Ukusebenza nezikole ukuze kuhlinzekwe izindawo zokuhlala ezifanele kubalulekile.

UDkt Patil wathi, “Ukuqashwa njalo nethimba lezokunakekelwa kwempilo kubalulekile ukuze kuqashwe isimo senhliziyo yengane futhi kulungiswe ukwelashwa lapho kudingeka,” wenezela ukuthi izinhlangano ezisekelayo ezizinikele ocwaningweni nasekulweleni i-CHD nazo zingasiza ekuqwashiseni futhi zibe negalelo ekuthuthukiseni ukunakekelwa nemiphumela.

Isixhumanisi Esiyisethenjwa

https://www.onlymyhealth.com/risk-factors-of-congenital-heart-disease-in-children-1699522786