Ama-microorganisms amaningi angabangela izifo zamathumbu. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izimuncagazi ezifana ne-Giardia lamblia, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Giardia intestinalis noma i-Giardia duodenalis, engasakazeka isuka kumuntu iye komunye ngokuyinhloko ngokudla namanzi angcolile. Ngokusho kwe-StatPearls Publishing, lolu hlobo lokutheleleka luvame kakhulu ukutheleleka kwe-enteric protozoal emhlabeni jikelele, okuthinta cishe u-2% wabantu abadala kanye no-8% wezingane emazweni athuthukile.

Iyini i-Giardiasis?

UDkt Asha Subbalakshmi Musunuri, I-HOD ye-Gastroenterology, Izibhedlela ze-CARE, i-Hitech City, i-Hyderabad, uchaza i-giardiasis njengesifo samathumbu esibangelwa i-protozoan parasite i-Giardia lamblia. Ngokusho kwakhe, ingenye yezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zezifo ezibangelwa amanzi emhlabeni jikelele.

Ucwaningo luveza ukuthi cishe u-33% wabantu emazweni asathuthuka bangenwe yi-giardiasis. Kuyimbangela enkulu yesifo sohudo esiwubhubhane phakathi kwezingane emazweni asathuthuka, amazinga okuvama afinyelela ku-15-20% kulabo abangaphansi kweminyaka eyi-10.

Kunezindlela eziningi zokusakazeka kwe-giardiasis. Isakazwa ngokuyinhloko ngokungeniswa kwe-Giardia cysts, engatholakala ku:

• Amanzi angcolile: Ukuphuza noma ukubhukuda emanzini angcoliswe indle evela kubantu abangenwe yilesi sifo noma izilwane.
• Ukudla okunegciwane: Ukudla ukudla okugeziwe noma okuphekwe ngamanzi angcolile.
• Ukuthintana nomuntu nomuntu: Ukuthintana eduze nomuntu onegciwane, njengasezilungiselelweni zokunakekela izingane.
• Ama-Fomites: Indawo ethintayo noma izinto ezingcoliswe i-parasite bese uthinta umlomo.

Izimpawu Ezivamile Ze-Giardiasis

I-Giardiasis ingaba i-asymptomatic, okusho ukuthi ayikwazi ukukhombisa izimpawu, okwenza kube nzima ukuyibona. Nokho, uma kuvela izimpawu, zingaba zimbi kakhulu. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• Uhudo noma indle enamanzi, enuka kabi engase ibe nezikhawu.
• Amajaqamba nobuhlungu besisu - okuvame ukuchazwa njengokuqunjelwa noma igesi.
• I-nausea, ngezinye izikhathi ihambisana nokuhlanza.
• Ukukhathala noma umuzwa ojwayelekile wokukhathala nokungalungi.
• Ukuncipha kwesisindo ngenxa ye-malabsorption nokulahlekelwa ukudla.
• Izihlalo ezinamafutha ezingase zintante ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwazo okunamafutha amaningi.

Ukuxilongwa Nokwelashwa

Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi i-giardiasis yisifo samathumbu, izimpawu zayo zingalingisa ezinye izifo eziningi ze-bacterial noma i-parasitic eziholela ezinkingeni ze-enteric. Lokhu kungase futhi kubangele ukudideka futhi kubangele ukubambezeleka kwenqubo yokuxilongwa.

Nokho, ukuhlola okuthile kungasiza ukuthola nokuqinisekisa isimo. Lokhu kubandakanya:

• Ukuhlolwa kwendle okusetshenziselwa ukukhomba ama-Giardia cysts noma ama-trophozoite.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-antigen ukuthola amaprotheni e-Giardia kumasampuli esitulo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwamangqamuzana okufana nokuhlolwa kwe-PCR ukuze kuhlonzwe i-Giardia DNA kumasampuli esitulo.
• I-Endoscopy ye-Upper Gastrointestinal (GI) kanye ne-duodenal biopsy ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziselwa ukuxilonga ukuxilongwa kwe-giardiasis ngokubuka ngokuqondile kanye nokuthatha isampula yomgudu wamathumbu ongaphezulu.

Uma kuziwa ekwelapheni i-giardiasis, abahlinzeki bezempilo ngokuvamile banikeza imithi, evame ukufaka:

• I-Metronidazole: Imithi elwa namagciwane evamise ukuba yisinqumo sokuqala.
• I-Tinidazole: Ifana ne-metronidazole kodwa inganikezwa njengomthamo owodwa.
• I-Nitazoxanide: Umuthi we-antiparasite.
• I-Paromomycin: Enye indlela yalabo abangakwazi ukubekezelela imithi engenhla.

Indlela Yokuvimbela I-Infection

Ukuze uvimbele i-giardiasis, uDkt. Musunuri wabelana ngamathiphu namasu ambalwa. Lokhu kubandakanya:

• Phuza kuphela amanzi ahlanzekile noma asebhodleleni, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho i-giardia ivame khona. Gwema ukugwinya amanzi aphuma emachibini, emifuleni, noma emachibini.
• Geza izithelo nemifino ngamanzi aphephile; cwilisa izithelo nemifino emanzini anosawoti okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokudla.
• Gwema ukudla ukudla okungaphekiwe noma okungaphekiwe okungase kungcolile.
• Zijwayeze ukuhlanzeka kwezandla, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, ukushintsha amanabukeni, noma ngaphambi kokulungisa ukudla.
• Ukuqinisekisa izikhungo nezindlela zokuthuthwa kwendle ezifanele, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwezingane kanye nezindawo ezinengqalasizinda engalungile yokuthuthwa kwendle.
• Nciphisa ukuthintana kakhulu nalabo abane-giardiasis baze balashwe.

Isiphetho

Uma udlula indle enamanzi futhi enephunga elibi, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuhlangana namanzi angcolile nokudla, kungase kube uphawu lwe-giardiasis, ukutheleleka kwamathumbu e-parasitic. Lesi yisimo esivame kakhulu esihlasela abantu bazo zonke ubudala futhi singenye yezimbangela eziphambili zohudo ezinganeni emazweni asathuthuka. Nakuba ukuxilongwa kuhilela ukuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene, ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa imithi okufanele inikezwe udokotela. Kodwa-ke, uma kuziwa ku-giardiasis, ukuvimbela kuyisihluthulelo.

Isixhumanisi Esiyisethenjwa

https://www.onlymyhealth.com/what-is-giardiasis-that-causes-foul-smelling-diarrhoea-1721200739