Omunye umdlavuza ovame ukutholakala eNdiya lowo womlomo womlomo. Ukwanda kwayo kunyukile uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindawo ezifana nebele nomlomo wesibeletho; okuyimidlavuza ehamba phambili emhlabeni jikelele. Sekuyinsakavukela umchilo wesidwaba ukuthi wonke umuntu abe nomuntu abamaziyo oke wahlaselwa wumdlavuza womlomo. 

Imbangela enkulu yokukhathazeka ukuthi manje isithinta kakhulu abantu besifazane kanye nabantu abasha kuya kwabaneminyaka ephakathi. Njengoba kuyiqembu leminyaka esebenzayo nelikhiqizayo, kuholela emthwalweni wezezimali ezweni. 

Umdlavuza womlomo nogwayi  

Isici esiyinhloko esiholela kumdlavuza womlomo ugwayi ohlafunwayo. Ugwayi ubulala cishe ingxenye yabasebenzisi bawo. Ngokwezibalo ezikhona, cishe u-28.6% wabantu basebenzisa ugwayi, iningi labo okungabesilisa. E-India, ngaphezu kwama-80% amacala omdlavuza womlomo kuthiwa abangelwa ugwayi. Iqukethe inani elikhulu lama-ejenti abangela umdlavuza. Ngenxa yokuchayeka isikhathi eside kwalawa ma-carcinogens ku-mucosa yomlomo umonakalo ongenakulungiseka kwenzeka ezingeni lamaselula. Izinguquko eziningi ezifana ne-leukoplakia, i-erythroplakia kanye ne-submucus fibrosis zenzeka ezinamandla ahlukahlukene okuphenduka umdlavuza ongaqondile. Ukubhema notshwala nakho kuyathinteka ekudaleni kwakho kodwa ngokwezinga elincane. Umphumela wabo uhambisana kakhulu nogwayi ohlafunwayo. 

Ngenxa yokutholakala kwawo mahhala kanye nokutholakala kalula kukagwayi ohlafunwayo, ukusetshenziswa kwawo kuvame kakhulu entsheni. Ngisho nabantu abasebasha sebeqalile ukusebenzisa ngenxa yokucindezela kontanga nokukhangwa. Futhi lapho lo mkhuba usuqalile, amandla kagwayi alutheka awenza ube ingozi engaba khona. Naphezu kwemizamo emihle eyenziwa uhulumeni, izinhlangano ezizimele ezihlukahlukene kanye nokunakekelwa kwezempilo, Ugwayi usesimeni esibi esizweni. 

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza womlomo   

Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko komdlavuza womlomo ukuhlinzwa kokuhlinzwa kwesimila esiyinhloko esinamaphethelo acacile okulandelwa ukucaciswa okufanele kwamanodi entamo. Njengoba iyingxenye esebenzayo neyobuhle bomzimba, umdlavuza womlomo womlomo uhlotshaniswa nezifo ezithile ezingagwemeki. Ukwelashwa kwezifo ezithuthukile kushiya iziguli zinenkinga enkulumweni nasekugwinyeni kanye nokukhubazeka kobuso ngezinga elihlukile. 

Ukuze kuncishiswe lokhu kusilela, amaphutha ngokuvamile akhiwa kabusha ngokushintsha izicubu kwezinye izingosi kusetshenziswa ama-flap. Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwengxenye ekhishiwe ngokuvamile kwenziwa endaweni efanayo. Naphezu kwemizamo engcono kakhulu, umsebenzi ungabuyiselwa kuphela ngezinga elithile. Ngokusekelwe esigabeni se-pathological ngemva kokuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa kwe-adjuvant kuhlelwa kusetshenziswa imisebe ene-chemotherapy noma ngaphandle kwayo. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kusebenzisa imishayo enamandla amakhulu njenge-X-ray, ama-protons ukuqeda amangqamuzana omdlavuza nawo angasetshenziswa, kuya ngecala. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, kunezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezimbalwa ezifana ne-immunotherapy, ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa okuhlosiwe okungasetshenziswa ukwelapha umdlavuza. 

Umdlavuza womlomo - ukutholwa kusenesikhathi

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokugwema yonke le nqubo eyisicefe futhi ethatha isikhathi eside iwukubona kusenesikhathi nokwelashwa. Umdlavuza womlomo ngokuvamile unokuqhubekela phambili okuhleliwe ngendlela evamile kuya komdlavuza wangaphambi komdlavuza kuya ku-frank cancer. Uma kutholakala esigabeni sangaphambi komdlavuza, ukusika okulula kanye nokulandelela njalo kungasiza ukuvimbela izehlakalo zomdlavuza womlomo. Amabala amhlophe noma abomvu-amhlophe emlonyeni, ukuncipha kokuvuleka komlomo kanye nokuzwa ukushisa okuvamile lapho udla konke kungase kube umdlavuza wangaphambili. Lezi zithathwa njengezimpawu zokuxwayisa abantu ukuthi bayeke imikhuba yabo.

Izimpawu zomdlavuza womlomo  

Uma kwenzeka ukuqhubekela phambili kumdlavuza womlomo, izimpawu zibonakala kakhulu. Izilonda eziphezu kwanoma iyiphi ingxenye yomlomo, okuhlanganisa ulimi, isihlathi, ulwanga noma izisekelo zamazinyo zingabonakala. Lezi zilonda ngokuvamile azipholi naphezu kwemithi. Zibuhlungu futhi mhlawumbe zihlotshaniswa nokuxega kwamazinyo, ukopha, ukushisa ngenkathi udla ukudla okubabayo noma ukunyakaza kolimi okulinganiselwe. Izilonda zomdlavuza nazo zihlotshaniswa nobuhlungu endlebeni ohlangothini olufanayo. Uma noma iyiphi yalezi zimpawu itholwa ngumuntu, ikakhulukazi phambi kwemikhuba, kufanele iphakamise ifulegi elibomvu. Ukubonisana ngokushesha nodokotela, okungcono yi-oncologist kugunyazwe kusenesikhathi. 

Izinga lokusinda komdlavuza womlomo

Kunokungamukeleki emphakathini jikelele mayelana nemiphumela yomdlavuza womlomo. Umphumela wabo ucatshangelwa ukuthi mubi njalo abantu bakuthatha njengesigwebo sentambo lapho betholakala belomdlavuza womlomo. Lokhu kuchema kuphakama njengoba iziguli eziningi zitholwa sekwephuzile nobe nomphumela ongemuhle. Izinga lokusinda komdlavuza womlomo lincike endaweni umdlavuza kanye nesigaba umdlavuza utholakala futhi welashwa. Ngakho-ke, kuyaphoqa ukuthi kusheshe kutholwe umdlavuza njengoba ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kufakazelwe kukhombisa ukwenyuka kwezinga lokusinda. Uma zelashwa kusenesikhathi, iziguli azivamile ukuba nokushoda futhi zingaphila eduze nesikhathi esivamile kanye nezinga lempilo elihle ngokunengqondo.

Umdlavuza womlomo awudingi uphenyo olukhulu ukuze uxilongwe njengezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Ukuhlolwa okulula okwenziwa ngumuntu oqeqeshiwe kwanele ukuhlunga umuntu. Uma uchwepheshe esola okuthile okungavamile, angase aphinde atuse ukwenza i-biopsy. Ngesikhathi se-biopsy, isampula encane noma izicubu zendawo ethintekile ziyathathwa futhi zihlolwe elabhorethri. Amaseli ezicubu ahlaziywa ukuze athole umdlavuza noma iziphi izehlakalo ezingase zibonise ubungozi banoma yiziphi izifo ezimbi ezizayo. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kwenza ukwelashwa kube lula kuvikela ukugula okungadingekile. 

Ukuhlolwa komlomo kubantu abasengozini enkulu kungafinyelela ekutholeni lesi sifo ekuqaleni kwaso. Njengoba ukuhlolwa kuyisinyathelo esingabizi kakhulu sokunciphisa umthwalo wesifo, kufanele kugcizelelwe yibo bonke abahlinzeki bezempilo. Ngokubambisana singasinqoba lesi siqalekiso ngokwandisa ukuqwashisa ngalo mdlavuza ogwemeka nogwemeka. 

Igama likaDokotela: UDkt. Avinash Chaitanya unguMxhumanisi we-Head and Neck Surgical Oncology e-CARE Hospitals, Hi-Tec City, Hyderabad.

Isixhumanisi Sesethenjwa: https://www.indiatimes.com/explainers/news/world-cancer-day-2023-causes-and-early-symptoms-of-oral-cancer-among-youngsters-592133.html