Ukufakelwa kwe-Bone Marrow

Isibhedlela I-Bone Marrow Transplant ehamba phambili e-Hyderabad, e-India

Ukufakelwa komnkantsha wamathambo (BMT), okubuye kubizwe ngokuthi ukufakelwa kwe-stem cell noma i-hematopoietic cell transplantation, kuyindlela yezokwelapha lapho umnkantsha onesifo emzimbeni wakho uthathelwa indawo amaseli e-stem anempilo. Amaseli asetshenziselwa ukushintshwa angathathwa emzimbeni wakho (ukufakelwa okuzenzakalelayo) noma kumnikezeli (ukufakelwa kwe-alloogenic). 

Inqubo yokufakelwa komnkantsha wethambo ihilela ukufaka ama-stem cells akha igazi emzimbeni wakho. Lawa ma-stem cells anempilo athatha indawo yawo wonke umnkantsha olimele noma onesifo emzimbeni wakho. Uma umnkantsha wakho uyeka ukusebenza ngesizathu esithile futhi umisa ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi anempilo, khona-ke kudingeka ukufakelwa komnkantsha. 

Isingeniso Semnkantsha kanye Nezinhlayiya Zesiqu

Umnkantsha yizicubu ezithambile, ezinezipontshi ezitholakala phakathi namathambo. Kunamaseli akhethekile emzimbeni wethu aziwa ngokuthi ama-stem cells akhiqizwa umnkantsha. Lawa maseli angakwazi ukwenza amakhophi awo futhi abe nekhono lokushintshela ezinhlotsheni eziningi zamaseli adingwa umzimba wakho. I-Haematopoietic stem cells ingenye yezinhlobo zama-stem cells ezingaphenduka zibe amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe, nama-platelet. 

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza kanye nomdlavuza kungalimaza amaseli akho e-hematopoietic stem. Kungashintsha ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana egazi, abalulekile ohlelweni lwethu futhi ngamunye wawo unomsebenzi ohlukile. Zimi kanje:

• Amaseli egazi abomvu: Umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko ukuthwala umoya-mpilo kuwo wonke umzimba. Kanye nokuthutha umoya-mpilo, ziphinde zihambise i-carbon dioxide emaphashini akho ukuze ikhishwe. 

• Amaseli egazi amhlophe: Ziyizici eziyinhloko zamasosha ethu omzimba. Umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko ukulwa namagciwane. Amagciwane angamagciwane namagciwane anamandla okukugulisa. 

• Ama-Platelets: Ama-platelet ahlotshaniswa nokwakhiwa kwamahlule egazi. 

Ngenqubo yezokwelapha yomnkantsha wamathambo noma ukufakelwa kwe-stem cell, amaseli e-stem anempilo adluliselwa emnkantsheni noma egazini. Lokhu kusiza ekubuyiseleni ikhono lomzimba lokudala amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, namaplatelet noma nini lapho kudingeka.

Izinhlobo Zokufakelwa Kwethambo Lamathambo

Kukhona ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezimbili zokufakelwa komnkantsha. Zimi kanje:-

Ukufakelwa kwe-Allogeneic stem cell: Inqubo ye-allogeneic stem cell transplant ihilela ukusetshenziswa kwamangqamuzana egazi anempilo ukuze athathe indawo yomnkantsha ogulayo noma owonakele. Amaseli egazi anempilo atholakala kumnikeli onempilo futhi asetshenziselwa ukufakelwa. I-allogeneic stem cell transfer ibizwa nangokuthi i-allogeneic bone marrow transplant. 

Onikelayo kungaba yinoma ngubani, kungaba yilungu lomndeni, umuntu amaziyo, noma kungaba yinoma yimuphi umuntu ongamazi. Lezi yizinhlobo zamangqamuzana egazi asetshenziswa ekufakelweni kwe-allogeneic stem cell: - 

• Igazi liqoqwa kumnikeli.

• I-stem cell iqoqwa emnkantsheni we-hipbone yomnikeli. 

• Ama-stem cells aqoqwa kunoma iyiphi inkaba enikelwe.

• Kuqoqwe egazini lenkaba enikelwe.

Umzimba udinga ukulungiswa kuqala ngaphambi kokufakelwa kwe-allogeneic stem cell. Imithamo ephezulu ye-chemotherapy nemisebe itholwa isiguli ngaphambi kokufakelwa i-allogeneic stem cell. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukulimaza amangqamuzana agulayo ngaphambi kokuba umzimba ulungele ukwamukela amangqamuzana anikelayo.

Ukufakelwa kwe-Autologous stem cell: Ku-autologous stem cell transplant, ama-blood stem cell anempilo avela emzimbeni wesiguli asetshenziselwa ukufaka esikhundleni somnkantsha wethambo olimele futhi onesifo emzimbeni wakho. I-autologous stem cell transplant yaziwa nangokuthi i-autologous bone marrow transplant. 

Indlela yokufakelwa i-autologous stem cell inikeza izinzuzo ezithile phezu kokufakelwa kwe-allogeneic stem cell. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ama-stem cell asetshenziswa emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, kulokhu, awudingi ukukhathazeka ngokungahambisani phakathi kwamaseli omnikeli nomamukeli. 

Uma umzimba wakho uqhubeka ukhiqiza amangqamuzana omnkantsha anempilo anele, ungakwazi kalula ukufakelwa i-autologous stem cell transplant. Ama-stem cells anempilo emzimbeni wakho angaqoqwa, aqandiswe, bese egcinwa ukuze asetshenziswe kamuva. 

Kungani Kudingeka Ukufakelwa Kwe-Bone Marrow?

I-BMT isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza njenge-myeloma, i-leukemia, ne-lymphoma. Kuyasiza futhi ekwelapheni ezinye igazi nezifo zamasosha omzimba ezithinta umnkantsha.  

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-bone marrow transplants yilezi:

• Lokhu kuvumela ukwelashwa okuphephile kwesimo sakho ngokusebenzisa imisebe noma i-chemotherapy. Khona-ke i-bone marrow replacement therapy ithatha indawo yawo wonke amangqamuzana alimele ngenxa yemisebe. 

• Ama-stem cells amasha athatha indawo yawo wonke umnkantsha wamathambo owonakele futhi onesifo.

• Ama-stem cells amasha anikezwayo angasiza ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza ngokuqondile. 

Abantu bangazuza ekufakweni komnkantsha ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Abantu abanazo zombili izifo eziwumdlavuza nezingezona umdlavuza bangazuza ekufakweni komnkantsha. Lezi ngezinye zezifo ezingahlomula ngokufakwa komnkantsha:- 

• I-leukemia enamandla

• I-Adrenoleukodystrophy

• I-aplastic anemia

• I-Bone marrow syndromes

• I-leukemia engapheli

• I-Hemoglobinopathies

• I-Hodgkin's lymphoma

• Ukushoda kwamasosha omzimba

• Amaphutha azalwa nawo we-metabolism

• I-myeloma eminingi

• Ama-syndromes we-Myelodysplastic

• I-neuroblastoma

• I-Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

• Izinkinga ze-plasma cell

• I-POEMS syndrome

• I-amyloidosis eyinhloko

Ziyini Izingozi Zokufakelwa Kwethambo Lomnkantsha?

Izingozi eziningi zidalwa ukufakelwa komnkantsha. Abanye abantu bayasinda ngokufakwa komnkantsha onezinkinga ezincane noma okungenazo izinkinga. Abanye abantu bangabhekana nezinkinga ezinkulu ngokufakelwa komnkantsha. Futhi ezimweni ezingavamile, izinkinga zingase zibe yingozi empilweni. Izingozi ezithile umuntu abhekana nazo zincike ezintweni eziningi ezahlukene. Lokhu kubandakanya uhlobo lwesifo noma isimo esikwenza udinge ukufakelwa kabusha, iminyaka yakho kanye nomlando wakho wezokwelapha. 

Izinkinga ezingenzeka ngenxa yokufakelwa komnkantsha zihlanganisa:

• I-Graft-versus-host disease (ukufakelwa kwe-allogeneic kuphela)

• Ukuhluleka kwe-stem cell (graft).

• Ukulimala komzimba

• Izifo

• Lolu ngwengwezi lwakheka

• ukungazali

• Umdlavuza omusha

Udokotela wakho uzochaza izingozi ongase ubhekane nazo uma ufakwa umnkantsha. Ungaxoxa ngezingozi zokufakelwa komnkantsha wakho nodokotela wakho bese unquma ngakho. 

Zingasiza Kanjani Izibhedlela Ze-CARE?

Manje njengoba usukwazi konke okukhona ukwazi mayelana nokufakelwa komnkantsha wamathambo noma ukufakelwa kwe-stem cell, kufanele uzibuze ukuthi unganikezwa kuphi isevisi engcono kakhulu yalokhu. Siphinde sibe nobuchwepheshe bakamuva kanye nezisetshenziswa zakamuva zokukuxilonga. Sizokunikeza ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kanye nokufakelwa komnkantsha e-Hyderabad. Uzoba sezandleni ezingcono kakhulu uma ungaphansi kokunakekelwa CARE Izibhedlela.