Izici Ezithonya Izindleko Zokuhlinzwa Kwe-Mastectomy

Izici ezibalulekile ezimbalwa zinganquma izindleko zokugcina zokuhlinzwa kwe-mastectomy, okwenza kube semqoka ezigulini ukuba ziqonde lezi zinguquko lapho zihlela ukwelashwa kwazo. 

Uhlobo lwe-mastectomy olukhethiwe luthinta kakhulu izindleko, ngezinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezifana ne-sparing-sparing noma i-ingono-sparing mastectomies ngokuvamile ebiza ngaphezu kwe-mastectomies elula. Ukukhetha kwesibhedlela nakho kwenza umehluko omkhulu, njengoba izikhungo ezizimele zivame ukukhokhisa amanani aphezulu kunezibhedlela zikahulumeni.

Ubuchwepheshe bukadokotela ohlinzayo bumele esinye isici sezindleko ezibalulekile. Odokotela abanolwazi lweminyaka ngokuvamile bakhokhisa imali ephakeme ngenxa yamakhono abo athuthukile nolwazi lomtholampilo. Ubude besikhathi sokuphathwa kwe-anesthesia buphinde buthinte izindleko eziphelele, njengoba izinqubo ezinde zidinga isikhathi sokubulala izinzwa esandisiwe.

Izinto ezibalulekile ezithinta izindleko ze-mastectomy zifaka:

• Izivivinyo zokuxilonga ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa (i-mammograms, i-MRI scans, biopsies)
• Isikhathi sokuhlala esibhedlela kanye nezinsiza
• Ukuvakasha kokulandelela ngemuva kokuhlinzwa
• Imithi nezinto zokuhlinza
• I-Pathology kanye nezindleko zokuhlaziya izicubu

Ubani Odinga Ukuhlinzwa Kwe-Mastectomy?

Odokotela batusa ukuhlinzwa kwe-mastectomy ngezimo ezihlukahlukene zezokwelapha nezici eziyingozi. Isizathu esivame kakhulu sale nqubo umdlavuza webele, obangela cishe u-85% wamacala.

Odokotela bavame ukusikisela ukuhlinzwa kwe-mastectomy ezigulini:

• Yiba nezimila zamabele ezinkulu kuno-5 centimeters
• Bonisa izimpawu zomdlavuza webele ovuvukalayo
• Yiba nezindawo eziningi ze-ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
• Uke waphathwa ngemisebe ngaphambili ebeleni elifanayo
• Ingabe ukhulelwe futhi kwatholakala ukuthi unomdlavuza webele
• Izwa umdlavuza webele ophindelelayo ngemva kokwelashwa kwangaphambilini

Ezinye iziguli zikhetha i-mastectomy ngezizathu zokuvimbela, ikakhulukazi lezo ezinofuzo ze-BRCA eziguquguqukayo ezandisa ingozi yokuphila kwazo zonke yokuba nomdlavuza webele. Le ndlela yokuvimbela, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-prophylactic mastectomy, inciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokukhula komdlavuza webele wesikhathi esizayo.

Ezigulini ezinomdlavuza webele okhona, isinqumo phakathi kwe-mastectomy nokunye ukwelashwa ngokuvamile sincike ezintweni ezimbalwa. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izici zesimila, indawo esikuyo, nezinto ezithandwa isiguli. Ezimweni lapho ukuhlinzwa okonga ibele kungawasusi ngempumelelo wonke amangqamuzana omdlavuza, odokotela bangase batuse ukukhishwa kwe-mastectomy okuphelele njengesinyathelo esilandelayo.

Iziguli ezinezimo ezifana ne-scleroderma noma i-lupus, ezenza zizwele ukwelashwa kwemisebe imiphumela engemihle, ingase futhi idinge ukukhetha i-mastectomy esikhundleni sezinye izinketho zokwelapha. 

Yiziphi Izingozi Ezihlobene Ne-mastectomy?

Njenganoma iyiphi inqubo enkulu yokuhlinzwa, i-mastectomy inezingozi ezithile okufanele iziguli ziziqonde ngaphambi kokuba ziqhubeke nokuhlinzwa. Nakuba intuthuko yezokwelapha yenze ukuhlinzwa kuphephe kakhudlwana, ukuqaphela izinkinga ezingase zibe khona kusiza ukulungiselela kangcono nokululama.

Izingozi ezivame kakhulu ezihlobene ne-mastectomy zihlanganisa:

• Ukutheleleka endaweni yokuhlinzwa okungase kudingeke ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwe amahlule igazi emilenzeni noma emaphashini ngemva kokuhlinzwa
• Ukuqoqwa koketshezi (i-seroma) endaweni yokuhlinzwa
• Ukopha noma ukuqoqwa kwegazi (hematoma) ezicutshini
• Ukuqina kwamahlombe nobuhlungu ngemva kokuhlinzwa
• Ubumbulu odongeni lwesifuba nasendaweni yengalo engenhla

Ezinye iziguli zingase zibe nakho ebuthakathakeni nokunciphisa amandla amasonto ambalwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Isikhathi sokululama siyahlukahluka kumuntu nomuntu, futhi iziguli kufanele zazise udokotela wazo uma ubuthakathaka buphikelela ngaphezu kwamasonto ambalwa.

Izinguquko ezingokomzimba ngemva kokuhlinzwa zingabandakanya ukuvuvukala kwebele kwesikhashana kanye nobuhlungu. Ezinye iziguli zingase zibe nesibazi endaweni yekhwapha, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokususwa kwe-lymph node. Lokhu kungaholela ekwakhekeni kwamabhande aqinile kumathishu axhumene nawo.

Kulabo abasuswe ama-lymph nodes, kunengozi yokuthuthukiswa i-lymphedema - ukuvuvukala kwesikhathi eside engalweni noma esandleni. Nakuba lesi simo singalawulwa ngokunakekelwa nokwelashwa okufanele, sidinga ukunakwa nokuphathwa okuqhubekayo.

Iziguli kufanele ziyothola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma zibona izimpawu zokutheleleka, ukopha kakhulu, noma zizwa ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukuphelelwa umoya. Ukungenelela kusenesikhathi kuvame ukuvimbela izinkinga ezincane ukuthi zibe yizinkinga ezinkulu.

Isiphetho

Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Mastectomy kumi njengenqubo yezokwelapha ebalulekile ezigulini eziningi ezinomdlavuza wamabele eNdiya. Izindleko ziyahlukahluka ngokuya ngendawo, uhlobo lwesibhedlela, ubuchwepheshe bodokotela abahlinzayo, nokuba yinkimbinkimbi kokuhlinzwa, okwenza kube semqoka ezigulini ukuhlela ukwelashwa kwazo ngokucophelela. 

Ukuqonda kokubili izici zezimali kanye nezingozi ezingaba khona kusiza iziguli zenze izinqumo ezingcono mayelana nohambo lwazo lokwelashwa.

Ochwepheshe bezokwelapha batusa ukuxoxa ngazo zonke izindlela ezitholakalayo nodokotela ngaphambi kokunquma nge-mastectomy. Le ngxoxo kufanele ihlanganise izindleko zokwelashwa, isikhathi sokululama, kanye nezidingo zokunakekelwa kwangemva kokuhlinzwa. Ukulungiselela kahle nokuqonda inqubo kuholela emiphumeleni engcono kanye nokululama okushelelayo ezigulini eziningi.

Disclaimer

Imininingwane yezindleko nezilinganiso ezinikezwe kule webhusayithi ezezinjongo zokwaziswa kuphela futhi zisekelwe ezimweni ezimaphakathi. Azihlanganisi isilinganiso esinqunyiwe noma isiqinisekiso sezindleko zokugcina.

Izibhedlela ze-CARE azimeli noma azikukhuthazi ukuqiniseka kwalezi zibalo zezindleko. Izindleko zakho zangempela zizohluka ngokuya ngohlobo lokwelashwa, izinsiza ezikhethiwe noma izinsizakalo, indawo yesibhedlela, impilo yesiguli, ukuhlinzekwa komshwalense, kanye nezidingo zezokwelapha ezinqunywe udokotela wakho. Ukusebenzisa kwakho okuqukethwe kwale webhusayithi kusho ukuthi uyakwamukela futhi wamukele lokhu kuhlukahluka nokuthi noma yikuphi ukuthembela ezindlekweni ezilinganiselwe kuzifaka engozini ngokwakho. Ukuze uthole ulwazi lwezindleko lwamanje kakhulu nolwenzelwe wena siqu, sicela usithinte ngokuqondile noma usishayele.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ingabe i-mastectomy iwukuhlinzwa okukhulu?

Yebo, i-mastectomy ifaneleka njengokuhlinzwa okukhulu okudinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela kanye nesikhathi sokululama. Ukuhlinzwa kuhilela ukukhipha izicubu zebele futhi ngezinye izikhathi ama-lymph nodes, okwenza kube ukuhlinzwa okubalulekile okudinga ukugadwa okufanele kwezokwelapha nokunakekelwa kwangemva kokuhlinzwa.

2. Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama esibelethweni?

Iziguli eziningi zibuyela emisebenzini yazo evamile phakathi namasonto angu-4-8 ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Kodwa-ke, umugqa wesikhathi ophelele wokutakula uyahluka ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-mastectomy eyenziwe kanye nezici zokuphulukisa zomuntu ngamunye. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kusiza ukuvimbela ukuqina futhi uthuthukise ububanzi bokunyakaza phakathi nesikhathi sokululama.

3. Ibuhlungu kangakanani i-mastectomy?

Amazinga obuhlungu ayahluka phakathi kwabantu, kodwa ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ubuhlungu be-post-mastectomy bungaba balulekile, ngesilinganiso sezinhlungu ezibikwe ngesiguli eziyisishiyagalombili kweziyishumi. Iziguli zingase zibe:

• Imizwa yokuba ndikindiki kanye nokuluma
• Ukudubula noma ubuhlungu obuvuthayo
• Ukungakhululeki kwezingubo noma ukunyakaza

4. Yikuphi ukudla okufanele ukugweme ngemva kokuhlinzwa?

Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, iziguli kufanele zigweme:

• Ama-nitrate kanye nokudla okugayiwe
• Ukudla okunoshukela
• I-caffeine eyeqile (umkhawulo wezinkomishi eziyi-1-2 nsuku zonke)
• Utshwala
• Inyama enamafutha amaningi, njengamasoseji ne-steak

5. Ungathola i-mastectomy uneminyaka emingaki?

I-National Comprehensive Cancer Network iphakamisa ukwenziwa kwe-mastectomy yokuvimbela phakathi kweminyaka engama-35 no-40 noma ngemva kokuqeda ukuzala kwabesifazane abanezinguquko ze-BRCA1 noma ze-BRCA2. Kodwa-ke, inqubo ingenziwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi lapho kudingekile ngokwezokwelapha ekwelapheni umdlavuza.