I-Abnormal Gait

Ukuhamba okungajwayelekile kuthinta abantu abaningi, kubangele izinguquko emaphethini abo okuhamba. Kungaholela ekulinganiseni ubunzima, ingozi eyengeziwe yokuwa, nokunciphisa ukuhamba, okunomthelela emisebenzini yansuku zonke kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila yonke. Lesi sihloko sihlola izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-gait ezingavamile, izimpawu zazo, nokuthi zibangelwa yini. Sizophinde sibheke izinto eziyingozi, izinkinga ezingaba khona, nokuthi odokotela bazihlola futhi baziphathe kanjani lezi zimo. Ukwengeza, sizoxoxa ukuthi kufanele umbone nini udokotela kanye nezindlela zokuvimbela ukungahambi kahle kwe-gait. 

Iyini i-Abnormal Gait?

Ukuhamba ngendlela engavamile kuwushintsho endleleni yomuntu yokuhamba. Ikhono lokuma nokuhamba ngokuvamile lincike ekufakweni okuvela kumasistimu ambalwa, okuhlanganisa okubonakalayo, i-vestibular, i-cerebellar, imoto, i-proprioceptive, kanye nezinzwa. Noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka kulawa masistimu kungaholela ekuhambeni ngendlela engavamile. Izibonelo ezijwayelekile zifaka i-Parkinsonian gait, ebonakala ngokuqina nezinyathelo ezincane, kanye ne-hemiplegic gait, evame ukubangelwa ukulimala ebuchosheni or unhlangothi.

Izinhlobo Zokuhamba Okungavamile

Amaphethini e-gait angavamile angahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene, ngayinye enezici ezihlukile: 

• I-Hemiplegic Gait: Ibonakala kubantu abaye babhekana ne-stroke nokuzungeza unyawo ohlangothini oluthintekile, nengalo ngokuvamile ibanjwe endaweni egobile.
• I-Parkinsonian Gait: Ihlotshaniswa ne Isifo sikaParkinson futhi ibonakala ngokuguquguquka kwendawo yonke kwamalunga, izinyathelo ezincane (i-festination), kanye nokundindizela okungenzeka. 
• I-Cerebellar Ataxic Gait: Lolu hlobo lokuhamba ngendlela engavamile luveza njengento ebanzi futhi engazinzile, lapho umuntu engase awe ohlangothini oluthintekile.
• I-Spastic Diplegic Gait: Ivamise ukubonwa ku-cerebral palsy futhi ihilela ukunwetshwa nokwengezwa komlenze wamazwe amabili, ngezinye izikhathi okuholela kuphethini 'yokuhamba kwesikelo'. 
• I-Neuropathic Gait, noma i-Steppage Gait: Lokhu kuhamba okungajwayelekile kudinga ukuthi umuntu aphakamise umlenze wakhe phezulu kunokujwayelekile ngenxa yokuwa konyawo.
• I-Myopathic Gait noma i-Waddling Gait: Ibangelwa ubuthakathaka emisipha yebhande le-pelvic, okubangela ukunyakaza okuhlangene kuya eceleni ngenkathi uhamba. 
• I-Sensory Ataxic Gait: Lokhu kugeleza okungavamile kwenzeka lapho ukutholwa kwempahla kuphazamiseka, okuholela ekungavikelekeni, iphethini yokuhamba ebanzi.
• Ezinye izinhlobo zihlanganisa ukuhamba kwe-antalgic ngenxa yobuhlungu, ukuhamba kwe-Tendelenburg okuvela emisipha ebuthakathaka ye-gluteus medius, kanye ne-hyperkinetic gait ebonakala ezinkingeni ze-basal ganglia.

Izimpawu ze-Gait Abnormalities

Ukuhamba ngendlela engavamile kuveza izimpawu ezihlukahlukene, kuye ngembangela ewumsuka. Izimpawu ezivamile ze-gait engavamile zihlanganisa: 

• Ukuhudula noma ukushova izinyawo, okungabonwa ezimeni ezifana nesifo sika-Parkinson
• Umuzwa wokungalingani ngenkathi uhamba 
• Ukuqina kwemisipha noma amalunga ezinqulwini nasemilenzeni 
• Ukunyakaza okuya ohlangothini kuya kolunye, okwaziwa ngokuthi ukuhambahamba kwe-waddling 
• Ehamba ebhekise ikhanda nentamo ebheke phansi 
• Ukuthatha izinyathelo eziphakeme kunezijwayelekile bese uwisa izinyawo ngesinyathelo ngasinye
• Ukuthatha izinyathelo ezincane, ezaziwa nangokuthi i-festination
• Ubuhlungu ngenkathi uhamba 
• Ukunyakaza okungavamile, okunyakazayo, ukuwa konyawo, nobunzima bokugcina indlela eqondile ngenkathi uhamba

Izimbangela Ze-Abnormal Gait 

Ukuhamba ngendlela engavamile kungabangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ekulimaleni ngokomzimba kuya ezimeni zempilo ezingaphansi. Lezi izi:

• ubuhlungu Joint, ikakhulukazi emgogodleni, okhalweni, emlenzeni, noma onyaweni
• Ukulimala okufana namathambo aphukile noma ama-sprains
• Izinkinga zezinyawo, kufaka phakathi ama-calluses, ama-corns, izinzipho ezimile, noma izinsumpa
• Izifo ezithinta ubuchopho, intambo yomgogodla, noma izinzwa ze-peripheral 
  • Isifo sikaParkinson
  • multiple sclerosis 
  • Stroke 
• Izimo ze-musculoskeletal like sokuqaqamba kwamalunga
• ebuchosheni
• Izinkinga zendlebe yangaphakathi zingathinta ibhalansi
• Izinkinga zembono 

Izingozi Zokungajwayelekile Kwe-Gait

Ziningi izici ezandisa amathuba okuba kube namaphethini okuhamba ngendlela engavamile. Lokhu kubandakanya:

• Ubudala: Ukuphazamiseka kwe-Gait kuvame kakhulu njengoba abantu bekhula. 
• Ukukhubazeka Kwengqondo: Ukuncipha kwengqondo kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kuye kwahlotshaniswa nokushelela okuncishisiwe kanye nezinguquko zejubane nobude besinyathelo. 
• Ukucindezeleka: Kuphinde kwahlonzwa njengengozi yokuphazamiseka kokuhamba, ikakhulukazi okuphathelene nezinzwa.
• Imithi: Imithi eminingi ye-psychoactive ingaholela ekuziphatheni okungalindelekile noma okuguquguqukayo kakhulu.
• Ezinye Izinto Eziyingozi: Lezi zihlanganisa izimo zemizwa ezithinta ukulawulwa kwemoto, izinzwa noma i-motor neuropathies, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwemisipha namathambo afana i-stenosis yomgogodla.

Izinkinga ze-Gait Abnormalities

Amaphethini okuhamba ngendlela engavamile angaholela ezinkingeni ezihlukahlukene ezithinta kakhulu izinga lempilo yomuntu kanye nempilo iyonke, njenge: 

• Ukwanda kwengozi yokuwa, ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala asebekhulile, okungabangela ukulimala okukhulu, njengokulimala kwengqondo okubuhlungu noma ukuphuka kwe-hip
• Abantu abanejubane eliphansi lokuhamba banamathuba amaningi okuba nezimpawu zokucindezeleka eziphakeme, ukuncipha kwengqondo kanye ukukhathazeka. 
• Kwezinye izimo, ukuhamba okungavamile kungase kube uphawu lwezimo ezimbi kakhulu, njenge-septic arthritis noma isifo esibi se-vascular, esingaba yingozi empilweni noma imilenze uma ishiywe ingatholakali futhi ingelashwa.

Sifo

Inqubo yokuxilonga ihlanganisa:

• Ukuhlolwa Komzimba: Odokotela bahlola amandla emisipha, ithoni, nokuxhumana futhi bahlole ubude bomlenze, ukubona, kanye ukushaya kwegazi. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, odokotela babheka izinkinga zezimoto ezimaphakathi noma ze-peripheral ezithinta imilenze nezinyawo, ukuphazamiseka kwebhalansi, ubuhlungu, nezinguquko kusayizi wesinyathelo. Bangase bacele iziguli ukuthi zihambe ezindaweni ezihlukene ukuze zibheke izici zazo zokuhamba eduze.
• Uphenyo: Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ama-CT scan, ama-X-ray, ama-MRI scan, kanye nezifundo zokuqhuba izinzwa, okuhlinzeka ngolwazi olubalulekile mayelana nokulayisha ngokuhlanganyela, amaphethini okunyakaza kwe-pathological, kanye nezinkinga ezingase zibe khona zemizwa noma ye-musculoskeletal.

Ukwelashwa

Ukwelashwa kokuhamba okungavamile kuhilela ukuhlonza imbangela eyisisekelo nokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokwelashwa ezilungiselelwe ezingase zihlanganise inhlanganisela yezindlela. 

• Izithasiselo nezinguquko zokudla ukuze kubhekwane nokungalingani kokudla okunomsoco. 
• Imithi yokuhlinzeka ngokukhululeka kwezimpawu nokuthuthukisa ukuhamba ngokwandisa amazinga e-neurotransmitter 
• Ezimeni zezimbangela zemizwa, ukuvuselela ubuchopho obujulile kanye namasu okunakekelwa kwezempilo okuhambisanayo (i-external cueing physiotherapy, ukuhamba ngezinyawo, nokuqeqeshwa kwengqondo) kwesifo sikaParkinson.
• Ukuqeqeshwa okujulile kokuxhumanisa ukuma nokuhamba, njengokuhamba emuva noma ukunyathela eceleni
• Ukungenelela kokuzivocavoca, okufana namandla emisipha, amandla, nokuqeqeshwa kokumelana
• Ukuhlinzwa, okuhlanganisa ukushintshwa kwenyonga noma kwamadolo. 

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela

Uma uhlangabezana nobunzima bokuhamba noma ubona izinguquko endleleni ohamba ngayo, kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela ngokushesha. Ukuhamba ngendlela engavamile kungase kuthinte kakhulu izinga lakho lempilo futhi kungase kubonise izinkinga zempilo ezicashile.

Prevention

Ukuvimbela ukuhamba okungavamile kuhilela ukubhekana nezinto eziyingozi ezingaguquguquka kanye nokugcina impilo yonke, okuhlanganisa:

• Umsebenzi Ojwayelekile Womzimba: 
  • Uhlelo lwansuku zonke lwemizuzu engama-30 lokuhamba lutuswa kakhulu ukugcina ukuhamba nokusebenza. Ukufaka ama-inclines kumzila wokuhamba kungasiza ukugcina amandla omlenze.
  • Ukuzivocavoca Amandla Nokulinganisela: Le misebenzi isiza ukugcina amandla emisipha nokusebenzisana futhi yehlise ingozi yokuwa, ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala. 
• Ukuqeqeshwa Kokumelana: Kungaba yinzuzo ikakhulukazi ekuthuthukiseni isivinini sokuhamba kanye nokuhamba jikelele.
• Ukuphatha Izimo Zezempilo Eziyisisekelo: Ukuphathwa kwezimo ezifana nesifo sikashukela, i-peripheral neuropathy, ne-osteoarthritis ngokwelashwa okufanele kanye nezinguquko ezithile ezibalulekile zokuphila kunganciphisa kakhulu umthelela wazo ekusebenzeni kwe-gait. 
• Ukubona Okuvamile Nokuhlola Ukuzwa: Kubalulekile futhi, njengoba ukukhubazeka kwezinzwa kungase kuthinte ibhalansi namaphethini okuhamba.
• Ukuguqulwa Kwemvelo: Ukususa izingozi nokufaka ama-handrails kungathuthukisa ukuphepha futhi kunciphise ukulimala okuhlobene nokuwa. Ukusebenzisa izinduku noma izinduku kunganikeza ukuzethemba nokuphepha kubantu abadala.

Isiphetho

Ukugcina ukuhamba okunempilo kubalulekile enhlalakahleni yonke kanye nezinga lempilo. Ngokuhlala uqaphela izimpawu zokunyakaza okungavamile kanye nokufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha lapho kudingeka, ungathatha izinyathelo ezimbalwa ezisheshayo ukuvimbela izinkinga futhi uthuthukise ukuhamba. Ukuvivinya umzimba njalo, ukudla okunomsoco, nokuphatha izimo zempilo ezicashile konke kunengxenye ekugcineni indlela yethu yokuhamba inempilo nokunciphisa ingozi yokuwa nezinye izinkinga ezihlobene.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ingabe ngidinga ukuhlinzwa ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kokuhamba?

Isidingo sokuhlinzwa ngokuvamile sincike kumbangela nobukhulu be-gait disorder. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukwelashwa okungezona ukuhlinzwa kufana ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, imithi, noma izinto ezisizayo zingase zanele. Nokho, ukuhlinzwa kungase kunconyelwe izimo ezifana nezinkinga zamalunga noma ukulimala okubi okuthinta ukuhamba. 

2. Yiziphi izimbangela zokuhamba okungavamile?

Ukuhamba okungavamile kungase kube nezimbangela ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izimo zemizwa, izinkinga ze-musculoskeletal, noma ukulimala. Izimbangela ezivamile zihlanganisa isifo sohlangothi, isifo sikaParkinson, isifo samathambo, nezinkinga zonyawo. Ezinye izici, njengezinkinga zendlebe yangaphakathi, ukulimala kwezinzwa, noma izinkinga zokubona, nazo zingaholela ekuhambeni ngendlela engavamile. 

3. Ngiyithuthukisa kanjani indlela engihamba ngayo?

Ukuthuthukisa ukuhamba kwakho kuvame ukubandakanya inhlanganisela yezindlela. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kungasiza ukuqinisa imisipha ebuthaka, kuthuthukise ibhalansi, futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenzisana. Ukuzivocavoca ukuqeqeshwa kwe-Gait, njengokuhamba emuva noma ukunyathela eceleni, kungaba yinzuzo. Ukwengeza, ukusebenzisa izicathulo ezifanele noma ama-orthotics, ukugcina isisindo esinempilo, kanye nokubhekana nanoma yiziphi izimo zezempilo ezingaphansi kungathuthukisa ukuhamba. 

4. Ingabe ukuhambahamba kuyelapheka?

Ukulapheka kokuhamba okungavamile kuncike kumbangela yakhona. Ukungahambi kahle okuthile, ikakhulukazi lokho okubangelwa ukulimala kwesikhashana noma izimo, kungase kwelapheke ngokugcwele ngokwelashwa okufanele. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa okuphelele kungase kungenzeki ezinkingeni ezingapheli zemizwa noma ze-musculoskeletal. 

5. Iminyaka emingaki i-gait evamile ithuthukiswa?

Ukuthuthukiswa kokuhamba okuvamile kuyinqubo ehamba kancane kancane eqala ngokuqala kokuhamba, ngokuvamile cishe ezinyangeni eziyi-12 kuya kweziyi-18. Ngeminyaka engu-3, ​​izingane eziningi sezisungule iphethini ye-gait eseduze. Ukuhamba okukhulile, okufana nokwabantu abadala kuvame ukuba neminyaka eyi-7 kuye kweyisi-8 ubudala. 

6. Ngingabona kanjani uma ngihamba ngendlela engavamile?

Izimpawu zokuhamba okungavamile zihlanganisa ukuxhuga, ukuhudula izinyawo, ukushova, ukuthatha izinyathelo ezincane noma ezinkulu ngokungavamile, noma ukuzwa ubuhlungu lapho uhamba. Ungase ubone izinguquko kujubane lakho lokuhamba, ibhalansi, noma ukusebenzisana. 

7. Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?

Imiphumela engathandeki yokwelashwa ye-gait engavamile iyahlukahluka ngokusekelwe ekungeneleleni okuqondile. Imithi ingase ibangele imiphumela emibi eminingi, njengokulala noma izinkinga zesisu. Ukwelapha ngokomzimba ngokuvamile kuphephile kodwa kungase kubangele ubuhlungu besikhashana bemisipha. Ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kuthwala izingozi ezifana nokutheleleka noma izinkinga ezivela ku-anesthesia. 

CARE Medical Team

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