Amehlo Amnyama

Iso elimnyama ukulimala okuvamile okungenzeka kunoma ubani. Nakuba ngokuvamile ehlotshaniswa nokushayisana ngokomzimba, amehlo amnyama angabangelwa izingozi ezihlukahlukene noma izimo zezokwelapha. Le bhulogi ihlola okungenzeka kube yimbangela yamehlo amnyama, izimpawu, nokwelashwa kwamehlo amnyama. Sizobheka ukuthi kungani zenzeka, indlela yokuzibona, nokuthi yini ongayenza ukuze uzenze zibe ngcono ngokushesha. Sizophinde sixoxe ngokuthi nini kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela futhi wabelane ngamathiphu okusiza ukuvimbela amehlo amnyama ukuthi angenzeki kwasekuqaleni.

Liyini Iso Elimnyama?

Iso elimnyama, noma i-periorbital haematoma, ukulimala okuvamile okuthinta indawo ezungeze iso. Kwenzeka lapho imithambo emincane yegazi esikhumbeni esizungeze iso iphuka. Naphezu kwegama lalo, iso elimnyama ngokuvamile lihilela ubuso kuneso ngokwalo. Igama lezokwelapha lalolu hlobo lokulimaza i-ecchymosis. 

Izimpawu Zeso Elimnyama

Iso elimnyama ngokuvamile libonisa izimpawu ezihlukile ezivela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njenge:

• Ukushintsha umbala: Ekuqaleni, indawo ezungeze iso ingase ibonakale ibomvu futhi ivuvukele. Njengoba imithambo yegazi iqhuma ngaphansi kwesikhumba, imihuzuko iqala ukwakheka, okubangela isici esimnyama sokushintsha umbala okuhambisana neso elimnyama. Ukulimala ngokuvamile kuqala ngombala onsomi noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, ingase ishintshe ibe luhlaza noma iphuzi ngaphambi kokuba ibune kancane kancane. 
• Ukuvuvukala: Indawo ethintekile ingase ikhukhumale, okwenza kube nzima ukuvula iso ngokugcwele. Lokhu kuvuvukala kungase futhi kubangele okwesikhashana umbono ongenalutho nokungaphatheki kahle uma uhambisa iso.
• I-Subconjunctival Haemorrhage: Iso elimnyama lingase lihambisane ne-subconjunctival hemorrhage, lapho ingxenye emhlophe yeso iba bomvu ngokugqamile ngenxa yokopha ebusweni. Nakuba lokhu kungase kubukeke kwethusa, ngokuvamile akunabuhlungu futhi kuyaphela phakathi namasonto amabili.

Ezinye izimpawu zingafaka: 

• Ubuhlungu noma ukuzwela eduze kweso
• bekhanda
• Kunzima ukugxila

Izimbangela Nezingozi Zeso Elimnyama

Iso elimnyama ngokuvamile livela lapho okuthile kugadla kumuntu ebusweni. Lokhu kungaba ibhola, isibhakela, isicabha, noma into. Izimbangela ezivamile zamehlo amnyama zihlanganisa: 

• Ukulimala kwamehlo noma ukuhlukumezeka kubandakanya ukungqongqoza, ukushaya, noma umthelela. 
• Izingozi, ukushaya, ukuthintana phakathi nemidlalo, noma ungena kokuthile.
• Ukuhlinzwa kobuso, njengezinqubo zokulungisa izimonyo noma ukuhlinzwa emakhaleni, kungaholela ekubeni amehlo amnyama. 
• Umsebenzi wamazinyo, okuhlanganisa ukukhishwa kwezinyo lobuhlakani noma ukufakwa kokufakwa, kungase kubangele ukushintsha kombala eduze nehlo elilodwa noma womabili. 
• Lokhu kwenzeka lapho igazi nolunye uketshezi lokuhlinzwa lusakazeka ngaphansi kwezicubu zobuso nasendaweni yamehlo.
• Ukuphuka phakathi kogebhezi kungabangela 'amehlo e-raccoon', ngisho nangaphandle kokulimala okuqondile endaweni yamehlo.
• Izimo ezithile zempilo ezifana ne-amyloidosis, izifo ezizimele ezifana ne-lupus, neminye imidlavuza nazo zingadala amehlo amnyama. 
• Ezinye izimbangela ezingase zibe khona zihlanganisa ukuquleka, i-haemophilia, itheku izifo, kanye nezimo ezithile zesibindi.

Izinkinga

Nakuba iso elimnyama livame ukulimala okuncane okuphola ngokwalo, ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube uphawu lwezinkinga ezinkulu eziyisisekelo. Kwezinye izimo, kungase kuphakame izinkinga uma imbangela yeso elimnyama ingaphathwa kahle. Nazi ezinye izinkinga ezivamile zeso elimnyama:

• Izinkinga zombono: Uma ingelashwa, iso elimnyama lingaholela ekubeni yimpumputhe ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. 
• Izinkinga ezihlobene nobuchopho: Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukopha kobuchopho noma ukutheleleka, okungaba yingozi uma kungabhekwanga ngokushesha. 
• Ezinye Izinkinga Ezingenzeka: Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukukhubazeka kobuso, ukukhubazeka, kanye ukulahlekelwa kukuzwa. Kukhona futhi ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-meningitis.

Sifo

Ukuxilonga iso elimnyama ngokuvamile kuhilela inqubo eqondile. Ezimweni eziningi, uma uneso elilodwa elimnyama kulandela ukushaywa ebusweni bakho ngaphandle kwezinye izimpawu, ungakwazi ukuzitholela ngokwakho. 

Ukuhlola Umzimba: Odokotela bazokwenza ukuhlola ngokomzimba ukuze bahlole izinga lokulimala. Udokotela uzohlola umbono wakho futhi ahlole ukuthi amehlo akho angahamba kanjani. Bazohlola amehlo akho eduze futhi basebenzise ukukhanya ukuze babheke ukuthi abafundi bakho banwebeka kanjani, okusiza ukunquma ukuthi kukhona yini umonakalo esweni ngokwalo. Ukuhlolwa kungase kuhlanganise nokuhlolwa kwamathambo akho obuso nawe-orbital ukuhlola noma yikuphi ukuphuka. 
Uma udokotela esola ukulimala okubi kakhulu noma ukuba khona kwento yangaphandle esweni lakho, angase atuse ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe okufana nalokhu: 

• X-ray
• Ama-Ultrasounds
• CT scan 

Uma kunesidingo, udokotela wakho angase akudlulisele kudokotela wamehlo noma udokotela wamehlo ukuze uthole ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kanye nokwelashwa kweso lakho elimnyama.

Ukwelashwa Kweso Elimnyama

Ukwelashwa kwamehlo amnyama ngokuvamile kuhilela amakhambi alula asekhaya okuphathwa kwezokwelapha. Lokhu kubandakanya:

• I-Cold Compress: Gcoba ama-cubes eqhwa noma uphizi oqandisiwe ithawula elihlanzekile bese ulibamba ngobumnene esweni (ungacindezeli) imizuzu eyi-10 ukuya kwengama-20. Phinda le nqubo njalo phakathi namahora okuqala angu-24 kuya kwangu-48 ngemva kokulimala.
• Izimpintsha Ezifudumele: Ngemuva kwamahora angu-48, shintshela ku-compress efudumele. Lokhu kusiza ukwandisa ukugeleza kwegazi endaweni. Faka indwangu efudumele, engashisi, endaweni yamehlo cishe imizuzu engama-20 ngesikhathi.
• Ukuphumula Nokuphakama: Ukuphakamisa ikhanda lapho ulele kungavimbela ukunqwabelana koketshezi futhi kunciphise ukuvuvukala.
• Ama-Over-the-counter Pain Relievers: Imithi yokunciphisa izinhlungu ingasiza ekulawuleni ubuhlungu. 
• Ukuphathwa Kwenkinga Eyisisekelo: Odokotela bangase banikeze izinketho zokwelashwa ezifanele uma isimo esicashile sibangela iso elimnyama. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukususa izinto zangaphandle, ukuphathwa kokuphuka, imithi, nokuphathwa kwezifo zesistimu.

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela

Nakuba iso elimnyama livame ukuphulukisa ngokwalo, kunezimo lapho ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kuyadingeka. Funa usizo lwezempilo ngokushesha:

• Uma iso lakho elimnyama lingathuthuki emasontweni amathathu
• Uma uba nekhanda elibuhlungu elibeleselayo, ukungaboni kahle
• Uma indawo ezungeze iso lakho ifudumala noma iqala ukuvuza ubomvu. 
• Uma unezinga lokushisa eliphezulu noma uzizwa ushisa futhi uqhaqhazela
• Uma ubona igazi esweni lakho, yiba nomfundi ongamile kahle, noma uhlangabezane nezinkinga zokubona njengokubona kabili noma ukubona amalambu akhanyayo.
• Uma uke washaywa ekhanda futhi unemihuzuko emaceleni womabili, walahlekelwa ukwazi, noma ubugula. 

Prevention

Ukuvimbela iso elimnyama kuhilela ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ukuze uvikele amehlo akho nobuso ekulimaleni okungenzeka. Lokhu kubandakanya:

• Gqoka izingubo zamehlo ezivikelayo ngesikhathi semisebenzi engaholela ekulimaleni kwamehlo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa imidlalo efana ne-baseball, i-basketball, ne-karate, kanye nemisebenzi yomsebenzi efana nengadi, umsebenzi wezinkuni, nomsebenzi wensimbi.
• Ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela izingozi ekhaya kunganciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuba neso elimnyama. Vikela omata nokhaphethi ukuze ugweme ukukhubeka, susa imfuhlumfuhlu nezinye izingozi zohambo, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi izindawo ezizungeze ikhaya nengadi zikhanyiswe kahle. 
• Uma uhamba ngemoto, hlala ubophe ibhande lakho lesihlalo. 

Isiphetho

Ukuvimbela kudlala indima ebalulekile ekugwemeni amehlo amnyama. Ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ezilula njengokugqoka amagiya okuzivikela phakathi nemidlalo nokususa izingozi ekhaya kungehlisa ingozi yokulimala kwamehlo. Khumbula, amehlo amaningi amnyama azipholela wodwa emasontweni ambalwa, kodwa kungcono ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuphepha kunokuzisola uma kuziwa emehlweni ethu. Uma ungabaza, ungangabazi ukubonana nodokotela.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ngilelapha kanjani iso elimnyama ngokushesha?

Nakuba iso elimnyama liziphilisa lodwa emasontweni amabili kuya kwamathathu, kunezindlela zokusheshisa inqubo. Faka iphakethe leqhwa eligoqwe ngendwangu kakotini esweni elithintekile imizuzu eyi-10 kuye kwengama-20 njalo ngehora phakathi namahora okuqala angama-24 kuya kwangama-48. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, shintshela kuma-compress afudumele ukuze ukwandise ukugeleza kwegazi. Ukuphakamisa ikhanda lakho lapho ulele kanye nezidambisi zinhlungu ze-OTC nakho kuyasiza.

2. Iso elimnyama lithatha isikhathi esingakanani ukwakheka?

Iso elimnyama alihlali livela ngokushesha ngemva kokulimala. Ekuqaleni, indawo ingase ibukeke ibomvu futhi ivuvukele. Isici sokushintsha kombala okumnyama ngokuvamile sivela emahoreni angu-24 kuya kwangu-48 alandelayo njengamachibi egazi ngaphansi kwesikhumba.

3. Ingabe iso elimnyama liphephile?

Ezimweni eziningi, iso elimnyama aliyona ingozi futhi lizophulukisa ngokwalo. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi kungase kubonise ukulimala okubi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kubangelwa ukuhlukumezeka okuphawulekayo ebusweni noma ekhanda.

4. Ukukhathazeka nini ngeso elimnyama?

Funa isiqondiso sezokwelapha uma uhlushwa yikhanda elibeleselayo, ungaboni kahle noma uma indawo ifudumele noma iqala ukuvuza ubomvu. Futhi, thintana nodokotela uma iso elimnyama lingathuthuki emasontweni amathathu noma uma unezinkinga zokubona, ubuhlungu obukhulu, noma izimpawu zokutheleleka.

5. Iso elimnyama lihlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Iso elimnyama ngokuvamile lihlala cishe amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, umvimbo uzoshintsha umbala njengoba ululama, kusukela ekujuleni okunsomi noma okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi kancane kancane unyamalale ube luhlaza noma ophuzi ngaphambi kokunyamalala ngokuphelele.

UDkt. Radhika Bhupathiraju

MBBS, DO, FCO
I-CARE Hospitals Outpatient Centre, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, CARE Hospitals, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad

Ukuze Ubhukhe Isikhathi, shayela:

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