Ukopha Ngaphakathi Ebuchosheni

Imithambo yegazi ephuka ebuchosheni idala uhlobo oluyingozi lwe unhlangothi edinga usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Amangqamuzana obuchopho aqala ukufa phakathi nemizuzu emithathu kuya kwemine ngaphandle komoya-mpilo, okwenza ukwelashwa okusheshayo kubaluleke kakhulu. 

Izimpawu ze- ukopha ebuchosheni ingavela ngokuzumayo. Abantu bangase baphathwe yikhanda elinzima, ebuthakathakeni, ukuba ndikindiki, nokudideka okuvela ngokushesha kube isimo esiphuthumayo esisongela ukuphila. 

Ukuhlukumezeka kwekhanda, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, Futhi i-aneurysms hola uhlu lwezimbangela. Umfutho wegazi ophakeme ongalashiwe useyimbangela egwemeka kakhulu. Abasindile bavame ukubhekana nezinselele ezinzima. Ukulimala kobuchopho kungaholela ekukhubazekeni, izinkinga zokukhuluma, nokulahlekelwa inkumbulo. Ukuthola akuqinisekisi ukuphepha. 

Izimpawu Zokopha Ngaphakathi Ebuchosheni (Ukopha Kobuchopho)

Izimpawu eziyisixwayiso zokopha kobuchopho ngokuvamile zivela ngokuzumayo futhi ziba zimbi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Iziguli ngokuvamile ziba nekhanda elibuhlungu, elingalindelekile elizwakala lihlukile kunekhanda elivamile. Lesi sibonakaliso sibonakala kaningi ezigulini ezinama-hematomas amakhulu. Ukopha okuvamile ezimpawu zobuchopho zihlanganisa:

• Ukuvota 
• ukuquleka 
• Ukuncipha kokuqaphela noma ukwazi
• Ubuthakathaka noma ukuba ndikindiki, ngokuvamile ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba
• Izinguquko zombono, kufaka phakathi ukufiphala noma umbono kabili
• Ubunzima benkulumo noma inkinga yokuqonda abanye

Izimbangela Zokopha Ngaphakathi Ubuchopho

Ukuhlukumezeka ekhanda kuseyimbangela eyinhloko yokopha kobuchopho, ikakhulukazi kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala. Izimbangela ezibaluleke kakhulu zokopha kwengqondo zihlanganisa:

• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu ongalawuleki owenza buthaka izindonga zemithambo yegazi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• I-Aneurysms (ama-bulging, izindawo ezibuthakathaka emithanjeni yegazi)
• Ukungajwayelekile kwemithambo yegazi kuvela ekuzalweni
• Iziyaluyalu zegazi like i-haemophilia kanye ne-sickle cell anemia
• Isifo sesibindi
• Izimila ezithile zobuchopho

Izingozi Zokopha Ngaphakathi Ebuchosheni

Amathuba akho okuthola ukopha ebuchosheni ancike ezintweni ezimbalwa. Amadoda abhekene nengozi enkulu kunabesifazane. Ubudala budlala indima ebalulekile, futhi - ukwanda ngakunye kweminyaka eyi-10 kucishe kuphinde kabili ingozi. Ezinye izici eziyinhloko zobungozi zihlanganisa:

• umfutho ophakeme wegazi 
• Ukuphuza kakhulu utshwala 
• ngifundise ngesifo sikashukela 
• Ukuba nesisindo esiphansi
• Race 

Izinkinga Zokopha Ngaphakathi Ebuchosheni

Ukopha kobuchopho kungadala izinkinga ezisheshayo nezesikhathi eside. Izinkinga zakuqala zivame ukufaka umfutho okhuphukile ngaphakathi kogebhezi olungaphuca ubuchopho komoyampilo futhi okungase kuholele ekufeni. Iziguli nazo zibhekana nezingozi:

• Ukopha kabusha (ubungozi obukhulu buvela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala)
• Vasospasm (ukuncipha kwemithambo yegazi)
• Hydrocephalus (uketshezi oluningi luzungeza ubuchopho)
• Ukuquleka kanye isithuthwane
• Izinkinga zesikhathi eside zingathinta ukusebenza kwengqondo, okuhlanganisa izinkinga zenkumbulo nokunaka. 
• Izinkinga ezingokomzwelo ezifana nokucindezeleka nokukhathazeka kuvame ukuvela, kanye nokukhubazeka ngokomzimba njengokukhubazeka noma ukukhubazeka kokukhuluma. 
• Cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zabasindile bathola uhlobo oluthile lwezinkinga zemizwa.

Sifo

Odokotela baqala ngokuhlolwa kwemizwa ukuze bahlole izimpawu ezinjengobuthakathaka, izinkinga zokukhuluma, noma izinkinga zenkumbulo. I-Glasgow Coma Scale ikala ubungako bokulimala kobuchopho ngokuhlola ukuvuleka kwamehlo, ukuphendula ngamazwi, nokusebenza komzimba.

I-CT scan engahlukanisi iyithuluzi eliyinhloko lokuxilonga ukopha kobuchopho. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwesithombe kuthola ukopha emizuzwini embalwa futhi kukhombisa igazi njengendawo emhlophe qwa ngokumelene nezicubu zobuchopho ezimnyama. Izikena ze-MRI zinikeza izithombe ezinemininingwane eminingi futhi zingathola ukopha okungagejwanga yi-CT scan.

Odokotela bangase ba-ode i-angiogram yobuchopho uma besola i-aneurysms. Udayi okhethekile ubonisa imithambo yegazi futhi usiza ukukhomba umthombo wokopha okuyiwonawona. Ukubhoboza i-lumbar (impompi yomgogodla) kungase kwembule igazi ku-cerebrospinal fluid uma okunye ukuhlola kubonakala kujwayelekile, kodwa ukukhathazeka kusalokhu kuphezulu.

Ukwelashwa Kokopha Ngaphakathi Ebuchosheni

Umgomo oyinhloko ukumisa ukopha, ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka kobuchopho, nokuvimbela umonakalo owengeziwe. Izinketho zifaka:

• Imithi - Imithi yomfutho wegazi ilawula umfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-corticosteroids inciphisa ukuvuvukala, imithi elwa nokuquleka ivimbela ukudlikizeka, futhi izidambisi zinhlungu zilawula ubuhlungu bekhanda.
• Ukuhlinzwa - Izimo ezinzima zidinga ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa. Odokotela abahlinzayo benza a i-craniotomy (ukukhipha ingxenye yogebhezi) ukukhipha amahlule egazi nokulungisa imikhumbi eyonakele. Izinqubo ezisekelwe ku-catheter zinikeza izinketho ezincane zokuncibilikisa amahlule noma ukumisa ukopha.
• Ukuvuselela - Iziguli eziningi zidinga ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, emsebenzini, kanye nenkulumo ukuze ziphinde zisebenze ezilahlekile ngemva kokwelashwa okunamandla.

Indawo yokopha, ubukhulu, kanye nembangela inquma indlela yokwelashwa yokopha kobuchopho. Ukopha okuncane kungaxazululwa ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa ngokuqapha ngokucophelela nangemithi.

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela

Ukulimala ekhanda ngezimpawu ezifana nekhanda elibuhlungu elingapheli, ukuhlanza, ubuthakathaka, umbono ongenalutho, noma ukuhamba okunenkinga kudinga usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Shayela abezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha uma othile equleka, equleka, noma ebonisa ukudideka okungazelelwe ngemva kokulimala ekhanda. Ukululama ekopheni kobuchopho kuncike ekwelashweni okusheshayo. Amaseli obuchopho ayafa ngemva kwemizuzu engu-3-4 nje engenawo umoya-mpilo, okwenza impendulo esheshayo ibaluleke.

Isiphetho

I-Brain haemorrhage ibalwa phakathi kwezimo eziphuthumayo ezibulala kakhulu ongase ubhekane nazo. Imithambo yegazi ephuka ngaphakathi kobuchopho ingaholela emiphumeleni ebulalayo. Izinombolo zixoxa indaba ebuhlungu - cishe ingxenye yeziguli ezine-intracerebral haemorrhage azisindi ngaphezu kwenyanga.

Umzuzu nomzuzu ubala ukusinda. Amangqamuzana obuchopho ayafa phakathi nemizuzu nje engenawo umoya-mpilo, ngakho ukuthola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha kungasho umehluko phakathi kokululama nokulimala unomphela. Kufanele uzazi izimpawu eziyisixwayiso - ikhanda elibuhlungu ngokuzumayo, elinzima, ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa, izinkinga zokubona, noma ukudideka. Lezi zimpawu zidinga nje ukunakwa ngokushesha.

Ubungozi bakho bukhuphuka nezici ezimbalwa, ikakhulukazi uma unomfutho wegazi ophakeme - okuyimbangela engagwemeka kakhulu. Iminyaka yobudala, ubulili, nezimo ezithile zezokwelapha zikwenza ube sengozini enkulu. Abesilisa cishe banethuba eliphindwe kane lokuyithola kunabesifazane, futhi ubungozi bakho buphindaphindeka eshumini ngalinye leminyaka yokuphila.

Imithi yesimanje isinikeza ithemba naphezu kwalezi zinselelo. Odokotela bathola ngokushesha izindawo zokopha besebenzisa izivivinyo zokuthwebula ezithuthukisiwe ezifana nama-CT scan nama-MRIs. Izinketho zokwelapha zisukela emithini yokulawula umfutho wegazi kuya ekuhlinzweni okususa amahlule noma ukulungisa imikhumbi eyonakele.

Ukululama kuyaqhubeka ngokuhlunyeleliswa ngemva kokwelashwa. Ukwelapha ngokomzimba kusiza iziguli zinyakaze futhi, kuyilapho ukwelapha ngenkulumo kusebenza ezindabeni zokuxhumana. Indlela ingase ibukeke inzima, kodwa iziguli zenza inqubekelaphambili emangalisayo ngokusekelwa okufanele.

Ukuvimbela kusebenza kangcono kunokwelapha. Ungehlisa ubungozi bakho ngokugcina umfutho wegazi lakho ulawula, ugweme utshwala obuningi, futhi uthole ukunakekelwa ngemva nje kokulimala ekhanda. Ukopha kobuchopho kuzwakala kusabisa, kodwa ukwazi ukuthi yini okufanele ukwenze nokwenza ngokushesha kusindisa izimpilo nsuku zonke.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ungazilawula kanjani izimpawu zokopha ebuchosheni ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa?

Odokotela bangakwazi ukwelapha ukopha okuncane kobuchopho ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa. Izindlela zokwelapha ezimbalwa ezingahlinzeki zisebenza kahle:

• Imithi yomfutho wegazi imisa ukopha okwengeziwe
• Izinto ezijiyisa igazi zisiza iziguli ezithatha imithi enciphisa igazi
• Imithi yobuhlungu inciphisa ubuhlungu bekhanda
• I-Corticosteroids isiza ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kobuchopho
• Imithi elwa nokuquleka ivimbela ukudlikizela

Amaqembu ezokwelapha abheka amazinga omfutho wobuchopho ngaphambi kokunquma ngokuhlinzwa. Izindlela zokwelapha zesimanje ezifana ne-endovascular embolisation zinikeza izinketho ezintsha. 

2. Ingabe ukopha ebuchosheni kubi?

Impendulo ithi yebo. Ukopha kobuchopho kuphakathi kwezimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha eziyingozi kakhulu. Amaseli obuchopho ayafa phakathi nemizuzu engu-3-4 ngaphandle komoyampilo. Ingxenye yeziguli ezine-intracerebral haemorrhage ayiphili ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezingama-30. Abantu abasinda ngokuvamile babhekana nokulinganiselwa ngokomzimba, izinkinga zokukhuluma, nobunzima bokucabanga.

Izinga lomonakalo lincike ekutheni ukopha kwenzeka kuphi, lingakanani igazi elikhona, nokuthi ukwelashwa kuqala ngokushesha kangakanani. Ukopha okukhulu eduze nezindawo ezibalulekile zobuchopho kubangela ukulimala okukhulu kunokuncane ezindaweni ezibucayi kakhulu.

3. Ungakwazi yini ukululama ekuphumeni kwegazi ebuchosheni?

Ukubuyisela kubukeka kuhlukile kuwo wonke umuntu. Abanye abantu babuyela emuva ngokugcwele, kuyilapho abanye bebhekana nezinselele eziqhubekayo. Ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kakhulu kwenzeka ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zokuqala, ngezinzuzo ezincane ezingaba khona onyakeni olandelayo nengxenye.

Ukubuyisela esimweni kubalulekile ukuze ube ngcono. Iziguli zisebenza nabelaphi bomzimba ukuze zihambe kangcono, abelaphi benkulumo bakhulume ngokucacile, nabelaphi bomsebenzi ukuze baphathe imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Ukululama kuthatha isikhathi, futhi iziguli zibona intuthuko enhle exutshwe nezinsuku ezinzima.

4. Yini okudingeka igwenywe ngemva kokuba ubuchopho bopha?

Iziguli kufanele ziqhelelane nale misebenzi:

• Ukuphakamisa noma yini esindayo kunamakhilogremu ayi-10 amaviki ayisithupha ubuncane
• Umsebenzi onzima womzimba, kuhlanganise nokuzivocavoca okukhulu
• Ukusebenzisa imishini esindayo kuze kube yilapho odokotela bevuma
• Ukuthola ngemuva kwesondo ngaphandle kwemvume yezokwelapha
• Ukuthatha izindiza amaviki angu-2-4 ngemva kokwelashwa
• Ukuphuza utshwala
• Ukugoba kusukela okhalweni (sebenzisa amadolo ukuze uphakamise izinto)

Izindlela zokulala ezinhle nezikhathi zokuphumula ezivamile zisiza ukululama. Uhambo lwansuku zonke lusebenza kahle kodwa weqa ukuzivocavoca okunzima ngaphambi kokululama.

UDkt. K. Vamshi Krishna

I-MBBS, i-MS (Ukuhlinzwa Okujwayelekile), i-MCh (I-Neurosurgery)
CARE Medical Center, Tolichowki, Hyderabad, CARE Hospitals, HITEC City, Hyderabad

Ukuze Ubhukhe Isikhathi, shayela:

+ 91 40-68106529