Ukubona Okufiphele

Ukuba nombono ocacile kusiza ngemisebenzi yansuku zonke njengokufunda nokuhamba ngokuphepha uzungeza ikhaya lakho. Umbono ophundlekile kungenza umhlaba ubonakale ufiphele futhi ungagxili. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngezimbangela zokungaboni kahle kanye nemithi yokuyilungisa. 

Ngokuqonda izizathu zokuthi kungani ukubona kufiphala kanye nezisombululo ezitholakalayo, ungathatha izinyathelo zokuphinda uthole ukubona okubukhali futhi wenze kalula imisebenzi ebonakalayo ethuthukisa izinga lakho lempilo. 

Kuyini Ukubona Okufiphele? 

Ukuba nombono ocacile, obukhali kusivumela ukuthi sibone imininingwane emihle endaweni esizungezile futhi senze imisebenzi yokubuka yansuku zonke kalula. Ukubona okufiphele, okubuye kubizwe ngokuthi ukubona okufiphele, kuphambene - kwenza umhlaba ubonakale ufiphele futhi ungacacile esikhundleni sokucijile futhi ugxile. Izinto abantu abanombono ojwayelekile abangazibona bekude ziba yizimo ezilufifi okunzima ukuzibona noma ukuzazi. Ukufunda izimpawu zomgwaqo, izikrini zekhompyutha, noma imiyalezo kuba yinselele. 

Ukubona ngokulufifi kusuka kokuncane kuye kokuqina, futhi kungathinta iso elilodwa noma womabili. Kungenzeka kancane kancane noma ngokuzumayo. Kodwa kuzo zonke izimo, ukubona okufiphele kusho ukuthi amehlo awakwazi ukugxila kahle, ngakho-ke izithombe azinayo incazelo. Nakuba kungase kukhathaze, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi izixazululo ngokuvamile zikhona ukuze kulungiswe ukubona okufiphele futhi kuphinde kubonakale kahle.

Izimbangela Zokubona Okufiphele

Ukukhomba imbangela eqondile kudinga ukuhlolwa kwamehlo, njengoba izimo eziningi zithinta ukubona. Kodwa ukuqaphela izigebengu ezivamile kungakusiza uxoxe nodokotela wakho ngale ndaba. 

Ukungaboni kahle kunezimbangela eziningi ezingaba khona, okuhlanganisa:

• Amaphutha e-refractive ahlanganisa ukubona eduze, ukubona kude, noma i-astigmatism, lapho ukukhanya kugxile ngokungalungile ku-retina.
• Ama-Corneal abrasions noma izibazi ezihlanekezela ukukhanya okungenayo.
• Ukonakala kwe-macular okuhlobene neminyaka, okulimaza ukubona okuphakathi.
• Lolu ngwengwezi lwakheka vala i-lens futhi unciphise ukucaca okubonakalayo.
• Amagciwane afana ne-retinitis ahlasela i-retina.
• I-Migraines noma i-optic neuritis, evutha i-optic nerve.
• I-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela ibangelwa ukuguquguquka kwamazinga kashukela egazini.
• Imivimbo iphazamisa izimpawu phakathi kweso nengqondo.
• Ukulimala kwamehlo ngenxa yokulimala noma izingozi.

Izimpawu Zokubona Kalufifi

Ukuqapha umbono wakho kanye nokuqaphela izinguquko kubalulekile. Ukubona okufiphele kungase kuthinte yonke indawo yakho yokubuka noma izindawo ezithile kuphela. Kungase futhi kubonise inkinga ewumsuka edinga ukunakwa. Ukubonana nodokotela wamehlo lapho unezimpawu kuvumela ukunquma imbangela kanye nokwelashwa okufanele ukuze uphinde uthole ukubona okubukhali.

Ezinye izimpawu ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• Lizoguqubala, lifiphele ukubona phakathi nendawo, okwenza imininingwane kube nzima ukuyibona.
• Ifiphele, i-peripheral efiphele noma umbono oseceleni.
• Ukufiphala esweni elilodwa nje.
• Isidingo sokucwayiza noma ukucwayiza ukuze ucije ukubona okwesikhashana.
• Ubunzima ngemisebenzi eseduze njengokufunda noma ukusebenzisa izikrini.
• Izinselele ekuboneni izinto ezikude ngokucacile.
• Umbono uba mubi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
• Ukuqala okungazelelwe kokufiphala kwehlo elilodwa noma womabili.

Sifo

Ukukhomba imbangela yokungaboni kahle kuqala ngomlando wezokwelapha onemininingwane eminingi, okuhlanganisa:

• Lapho uqala ukubona izinguquko embonweni wakho
• Yiziphi izimpawu ezithile ohlangabezana nazo
• Ukuthi kukhona yini okwenza ukufiphala kube ngcono noma kubi kakhulu
• Isizinda sakho sezokwelapha
• Umlando womndeni wezifo zamehlo

Your udokotela wamehlo izobe seyenza ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuphelele ukuze ihlole umbono wakho. 

Lokhu kungabandakanya:

• Ihlola i-acuity yokubuka ukuze ilinganise ukucijile
• Ukuhlola ngaphambili nangemuva kwamehlo akho
• Ukuhlola ukugxilisa iso nokuqondanisa
• Ukuhlola ukunyakaza kwamehlo kanye nezimpendulo ze-pupillary
• Ukulinganisa umfutho wamehlo

Umgomo uwukubona lapho ukuphazamiseka kombono kwenzeka khona ukuze kunqunywe ukwelashwa okufanele. Ngokuxhumana okuvulekile nokuhlolwa okuphelele, udokotela wamehlo akho angakwazi ukuthola impande yokungaboni kahle kwakho futhi akusize ukubuyisela ukubona okucacile.

Ukwelashwa

Ukulondoloza ukubona okucacile kubalulekile ukuze uzimele kanye nezinga lempilo.
Ngokuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile, ukutholwa kusenesikhathi, kanye nokwelashwa ngokushesha okuqondiswa udokotela wakho, izinhlobo eziningi zokungaboni kahle zingathuthukiswa noma zilungiswe. 

Ukwelapha ukungaboni kahle kuhilela ukubhekana nembangela ewumsuka. Izinketho zingabandakanya:

• Amalensi okulungisa ukunxephezela amaphutha e-refractive afana nokubona eduze noma i-astigmatism.
• Amaconsi iso ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala ezimeni ezifana ne-uveitis.
• Imithi yokulawula isifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, noma ezinye izifo zesistimu.
• Ukuhlinzwa ukuze ukususa ulwelwesi lwamehlo noma ukulungisa i-cornea.
• Indlela yokuphila iyashintsha njengokuyeka ukubhema ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukugeleza kwegazi ngeso lengqondo.
• Ukusebenzisa ukudla/iziphuzo ezinoshukela noma amaphilisi eglucose ukuze uthole ushukela osegazini ophansi.
• Ukwelashwa kombono kusetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukugxila kwamehlo nokuxhumana.
• Amathuluzi okukhulisa ukusiza ukukhulisa umbono osele.

Uyombona Nini Udokotela?

Funa usizo oluphuthumayo ukuze uthole ukufiphala kungazelelwe noma ulahlekelwe umbono, ikakhulukazi uma kuhambisana nokulimala noma izimpawu zokushaywa unhlangothi njengokungakwazi ukukhuluma noma ukunyakaza. Ukushintsha kokubona kungazelelwe kungase kubonise inkinga ejulile edinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha ukuze kuvinjwe umonakalo unomphela. 

Uma kungenjalo, yenza i-aphoyintimenti ngokushesha nodokotela wakho wamehlo uma ubona ukubona okufiphele kuqhubeka noma kuba kubi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile kusiza ukuthola izinkinga kusenesikhathi lapho ukwelashwa kusebenza kahle kakhulu. 

Ungakuvimbela Kanjani Ukubona Okufiphele?

Nakuba ezinye izimbangela zokungaboni kahle zingenakuvinjelwa, ungathatha izinyathelo ezisebenzayo ukuze unakekele impilo yamehlo akho nempilo yokubona:

• Gqoka izibuko zelanga ngaphandle - Bheka amalensi e-spectrum ebanzi avimba imisebe ye-UVA/UVB ukuze uvikele amehlo emonakalweni welanga.
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo - Thola umsoco obalulekile emifino enamaqabunga aluhlaza njengesipinashi (lutein, zeaxanthin); i-salmon, i-tuna (i-omega-3 fatty acids); izaqathe, ubhatata (uvithamini A); nezithelo ezisawolintshi (uvithamini C).
• Yeka ukubhema - Ukubhema kwandisa izingozi zokucasuka kwamehlo, ukulimala kwezinzwa zamehlo, nokonakala kwe-macular.
• Thola izivivinyo zamehlo ezijwayelekile - Ukuhlolwa okuphelele kuvumela ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kwezinkinga zombono. Uma unomlando womndeni wesifo samehlo, ukuhlolwa okuvamile kungase kunconywe.
• Zijwayeze ukuhlanzeka kwamehlo - Geza izandla ngaphambi kokufaka noma ukukhipha amalensi okuxhumana ukuze uvimbele ukutheleleka. Nciphisa isikhathi sokugqoka bese ushintsha amalensi njengoba uyaliwe.
• Sebenzisa izembatho zamehlo ezivikelayo - Uma ubandakanyeka emisebenzini efana nokwakha, ukudweba, ukwenza izinkuni, ukunakekelwa kotshani noma ezemidlalo, gqoka izibuko zokuphepha noma izibuko ukuvimbela ukulimala kwamehlo.
• Phatha izimo zezempilo - Lawula isifo sikashukela ngokudla, ukuzivocavoca, imithi. Kubalulekile ukuthi umfutho wegazi ube sesikalini esinempilo. 
• Khawulela isikhathi sesikrini - Thatha ikhefu njalo uma usebenzisa amadivaysi edijithali noma ufunda ukuze unciphise ukucindezelwa kwamehlo. Landela umthetho wama-20-20-20.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho wamehlo ukuze uthole izincomo ezenzelwe wena ukuze uvikele amehlo akho ayigugu.

Kuhlolwa kanjani ukubona okufiphele futhi yini engaphethwa ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni?

Ukuhlolwa kokungaboni kahle ngokuvamile kuhilela ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuphelele okwenziwa udokotela wamehlo noma udokotela wamehlo. Nansi indlela okuvamise ukwenziwa ngayo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Visual Acuity: Ishadi le-Snellen livame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukuqonda kombono. Iziguli zicelwa ukuthi zifunde izinhlamvu noma izimpawu eshadini ziqhelelene nebanga elithile. Umugqa omncane abangawufunda ngokunembile unquma ukuqonda kwabo kokubona. Uma othile ekuthola kunzima ukufunda imigqa emincane, kubonisa ukungaboni kahle.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Refraction: Lokhu kuhlolwa kunquma incwadi kadokotela efanelekile yamalensi okulungisa (izibuko noma amalensi okuxhumana). Isiguli sibheka ngomshini okuthiwa i-phoropter ngenkathi udokotela wamehlo noma ophthalmologist shintsha amalensi ukuze uthole inhlanganisela enikeza umbono ocace kakhulu.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwempilo Yamehlo: Udokotela wamehlo uhlola izakhiwo zeso, okuhlanganisa i-retina, i-optic nerve, nemithambo yegazi, esebenzisa amathuluzi ahlukahlukene njengesibani esinqunyiwe kanye ne-ophthalmoscope. Lokhu kusiza ukukhomba noma yiziphi izimo eziyisisekelo ezibangela ukufiphala kwamehlo, njenge-cataract, ukonakala kwe-macular, noma i-diabetesic retinopathy.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwemisipha Yamehlo: Udokotela angase ahlole ukusebenza kwemisipha yamehlo ngokubheka ukunyakaza kwamehlo nokuqondanisa. Izinkinga zokusebenzisana kwamehlo noma ubuthakathaka bemisipha zingaholela ekuboneni okufiphele noma okukabili.
• Ukuhlola Okwengeziwe: Ngokuya ngesizathu esisolekayo sokungaboni kahle, ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe okufana nokukalwa kwengcindezi ye-intraocular (tonometry), ukuhlolwa kwenkundla yokubuka, noma izifundo ze-imaging ezifana ne-optical coherence tomography (OCT) zingenziwa.

Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yalokhu kuhlolwa, udokotela angaphetha izinto ezimbalwa:

• Iphutha le-Refractive: Uma ukuhlolwa kwe-visual acuity kuveza ukuthi ukubona okufiphele kuyathuthuka ngamalensi okulungisa, kuphakamisa iphutha lokuphendula elifana ne-myopia (ukubona eduze), i-hyperopia (ukubona kude), noma i-astigmatism. Izingilazi ezinikezwe udokotela noma amalensi okuxhumana angalungisa lezi zinkinga.
• Izinkinga Zempilo Yamehlo: Ukungajwayelekile okubonwe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwempilo yamehlo kungase kubonise izimo zamehlo ezingaphansi noma izifo ezidinga ukuhlolwa nokwelashwa okwengeziwe. Isibonelo, ukuba khona kwe-cataract, i-retina detachment, noma i-glaucoma kungase kudinge ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezikhethekile.
• Izinkinga Zezinzwa: Uma ukuhlolwa kwemisipha yeso noma okunye ukuhlola kuveza izinkinga ngokuhlangana kwamehlo noma ukuqondanisa, kungase kuphakamise izimo zemizwa ezithinta ukulawula kobuchopho ukunyakaza kwamehlo, njenge-strabismus noma i-cranial nerve palsies.
• Ezinye Izimo Ezihlelekile: Ukungaboni kahle kungase futhi kube uphawu lwezinkinga zempilo ezihlelekile ezifana sikashukela, nomfutho wegazi ophezulu, noma izifo ze-autoimmune. Ezimweni ezinjalo, udokotela angase atuse ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kwezokwelapha nokuphathwa kwesimo esiwumsuka.

Isiphetho

Ukubona lufifi kungabangelwa ukucasuka okuncane noma ukukhathala. Kodwa kungase futhi kubonise iso elingaphansi noma isimo sezempilo esidinga ukunakwa. Ukungaboni kahle kwenza umsebenzi nemisebenzi yansuku zonke njengokufunda, ukushayela, nokubuka i-TV kube inselele. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi ungazizibi izimpawu futhi uthintane nodokotela ngokushesha. 

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ingabe ukungaboni kahle kungelapheka ngokwemvelo?

Ukubona okufiphele kwesinye isikhathi kungaba ngcono ngamakhambi emvelo noma izinguquko zendlela yokuphila, ikakhulukazi uma kubangelwa izici zesikhashana ezifana nokuqina kwamehlo noma ukoma kwamehlo. Izinyathelo ezilula njengokuphumula amehlo akho, ukuhlala ugcwele amanzi, nokugcina ukudla okunempilo okucebile ngemisoco ehambisana namehlo kungasiza. Kodwa-ke, uma ukungaboni kahle kuqhubeka noma kuba kubi kakhulu, kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela wamehlo ukuze ahlolwe futhi alashwe ngendlela efanele.

2. Ungakwazi yini ukubona kahle ngenxa yesifo sikashukela?

Yebo, isifo sikashukela singabangela ukungaboni kahle, ikakhulukazi uma amazinga kashukela egazini engalawuleki kahle. Amazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini angaholela ekuvuvukeni kwelensi ngaphakathi kweso, kuthinte ikhono layo lokugxila kahle futhi kubangele ukungaboni kahle. Ukwengeza, isifo sikashukela sandisa ubungozi bezinye izimo zamehlo njenge-diabetesic retinopathy, ezingadala ushintsho lombono.

3. Kungani ngiba nokungaboni kahle kungazelelwe ngekhanda elibuhlungu?

Ukubona ngokuzumayo okuhambisana nekhanda elibuhlungu kungase kube ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nekhanda elinkenkethayo, elivame ukuba nokuphazamiseka okubukwayo okubizwa ngokuthi i-aura. Ezinye izimbangela ezingenzeka zihlanganisa izinguquko zomfutho wegazi, i-ocular migraines, noma izimo ezimbi nakakhulu ezifana nokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi noma ukuhlasela kwe-ischemic yesikhashana (TIA). Kubalulekile ukuthi uthole usizo lwezempilo ngokushesha uma ubona ngokuzumayo noma kanzima kabi nekhanda elibuhlungu.

4. Ingabe ukungaboni kahle kungasibangela isiyezi?

Ukubona okufiphele kanye nesiyezi ngezinye izikhathi kungase kwenzeke ndawonye, ​​ikakhulukazi uma imbangela eyinhloko ithinta kokubili amasistimu abonakalayo kanye ne-vestibular (abhekene nebhalansi nokuma kwendawo). Izimo ezifana nokuphazamiseka kwendlebe yangaphakathi, ukudumala kwekhanda, umfutho wegazi ophansi, noma imithi ethile kungabangela kokubili ukungaboni kahle kanye nesiyezi. Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa okufanele ngochwepheshe bezempilo kubalulekile ukubhekana nalezi zimpawu.

5. Ingabe izinkinga zezinso zingabangela ukungaboni kahle?

Nakuba izinkinga zezinso ngokwazo ngokuvamile zingabangeli ngokuqondile ukubona okufiphele, zingaba nomthelela ezimeni ezithinta ukubona ngokungaqondile. Ngokwesibonelo, umfutho wegazi ophakeme ongalawuleki noma isifo sikashukela, okuyizinkinga ezivamile zesifo sezinso, singaholela ekushintsheni kokubona, kuhlanganise nokungaboni kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithi enqunyelwe izinkinga zezinso ingase ibe nemiphumela engemihle ethinta ukubona. Kubalulekile ukuxoxa nganoma yiziphi izinguquko embonweni nomhlinzeki wezempilo, ikakhulukazi uma unezinkinga zezinso.

CARE Medical Team

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