Ukuminyana Kwesifuba

Ukuminyana kwesifuba kuyisimo sezokwelapha esivamile esingabangela ukungakhululeki nokucindezeleka. Ukuqonda izimbangela, izimpawu, ukuxilongwa, kanye nokwelashwa ukucinana kwesifuba ikuvumela ukuthi uthathe isinyathelo esisheshayo ukuze uthole usizo noma uvakashele isibhedlela esiseduze uma kudingeka. 

Kule bhulogi, sizofaka izici ezibalulekile zokuhlonza nokulawula ukuminyana kwesifuba sisebenzisa amakhambi emvelo nokwelashwa.

Kuyini Ukuminyana Kwesifuba?

Ukuminyana kwesifuba kusho ukwakheka kwamafinyila emaphashini okuholela ekukhwehleleni kanye ukuphefumula kanzima. Kuvame ukuchazwa ngokuthi "ukukhwehlela okukhiqizayo", okusho ukukhwehlela i-phlegm. I-mucus eyeqile ivimba imigudu yokuphefumula futhi ibangele ukuheleza noma imisindo ekhencezayo lapho uphefumula.

Ukuminyana kuvela lapho amaphaphu ekhiqiza amafinyila engeziwe ukuze abambe izinto ezicasulayo. Nokho, ukunqwabelana okuningi kwenza kube nzima ukukhipha amafinyila ngokukhwehlela. Ukuminyana kwesifuba kungase kubangele izifo eziyingozi noma izifo zesikhathi eside zamaphaphu.

Izimbangela Zokuminyana Kwesifuba

Ukutheleleka kuholela ekuvuvukeni emigwaqweni yomoya, okwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwamafinyila. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, izimo ezingapheli zilimaza izicubu zamaphaphu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, zinciphisa amandla amaphaphu okususa amafinyila.

Ukuminyana kwesifuba kwenzeka lapho imigudu yokuphefumula namaphaphu egcwala amafinyila noma uketshezi okweqile, okuholela ebunzimeni bokuphefumula, ukukhwehlela, nomuzwa wokucinana noma ubunzima esifubeni. Ziningana izici ezingabangela ukuminyana kwesifuba:

• Izifo Zokuphefumula: Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, njengomkhuhlane ovamile, umkhuhlane (umkhuhlane), i-respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), noma izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane njenge-bronchitis noma inyumoniya, kungabangela ukuvuvukala kwemigudu yomoya kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamafinyila ngokweqile, okuholela ekucindezelekeni kwesifuba.
• I-Allergies: Ukungezwani komzimba nezinto ezingezwani nomoya njengempova, izibungu zothuli, isikhunta, isilwane esifuywayo, noma ukudla okuthile kungase kubangele ukuvuvukala emgudwini wokuphefumula, okuholela ekuminyaniseni kwamakhala, ukuthimula, nokuminyana kwesifuba.
• Asthma: I-asthma yisimo esingapheli sokuvuvukala kwemigudu yomoya ebonakala ngeziqephu zokuhefuzela, ukukhwehlela, ukucinana kwesifuba, kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula. Ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya, imigudu yomoya iyavuvukala futhi ibe mincane, okuholela ekwandeni kokukhiqizwa kwamafinyila kanye nokucinana kwesifuba.
• I-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): I-COPD ihlanganisa i-bronchitis engapheli kanye ne-emphysema, okuyizifo zamaphaphu eziqhubekayo ezibonakala ngomkhawulo wokugeleza komoya kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula. I-bronchitis engapheli ihlanganisa ukuvuvukala kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamafinyila ngokweqile emigudwini yomoya, okuholela ekuminyene kwesifuba nokukhwehlela.
• I-Environmental Irritants: Ukuchayeka ezintweni ezingcolisa imvelo ezifana nentuthu kagwayi, ukungcoliswa komoya, intuthu yamakhemikhali, noma uthuli kungacasula umgudu wokuphefumula, okuholela ekuvuvukeni nasekukhuleni kokukhiqizwa kwamafinyila, okubangela ukucinana kwesifuba.
• Ukwehluleka Kwenhliziyo: Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo okucinana kwenhliziyo kwenzeka lapho inhliziyo ingakwazi ukupompa igazi ngokuphumelelayo, okuholela ekuqongeleleni uketshezi emaphashini nakwezinye izicubu (i-pulmonary edema). Lokhu kungabangela izimpawu ezinjengokuphelelwa umoya, ukukhwehlela, nokuminyana kwesifuba.
• I-Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): I-GERD yisifo sokugaya esibonakala nge-asidi yesisu egeleza ibuyele emgodleni, okuholela ekubanjweni kwenhliziyo, ukuphindaphinda, nokucasuka kwemigudu yomoya. I-Chronic acid reflux ingabangela ukuvuvukala nokukhiqizwa kwamafinyila emphinjeni nasesifubeni, kubangele ukuminyana kwesifuba nokukhwehlela.
• Ukubhema: Ukubhema ugwayi noma ukuchayeka entuthuni kagwayi kungase kuthukuthelise indlela yokuphefumula, kulimaze amaphaphu, futhi kukhinyabeze ukukhululeka kwe-mucociliary, okuholela ekwandeni kokukhiqizwa kwamafinyila, i-bronchitis engapheli, nokucinana kwesifuba.
• I-Postnasal Drip: I-Postnasal Drip yenzeka lapho amafinyila amaningi aphuma emakhaleni ethonta ngemuva emphinjeni, okuholela ekulume komphimbo, ukukhwehlela, nokuminyana kwesifuba.

Izimpawu Zokuminyana Kwesifuba

Ukuminyana kwesifuba kungase kubonakale ngezimpawu ezihlukahlukene, ezingase zihluke kuye ngembangela ewumsuka nobukhulu besimo. Izimpawu ezivamile zokucinana kwesifuba zihlanganisa:

• Ukukhwehlela: Ukukhwehlela okungapheli kuwuphawu oluphawulekayo lokuminyana kwesifuba. Ukukhwehlela kungase kome noma kukhiphe i-phlegm (ufinyila), futhi kungase kube kubi kakhulu lapho ulele phansi noma ngemva kokusebenza ngokomzimba.
• Ukuphefumula Okufushane: Ukuphefumula kanzima noma ukuzwa sengathi awukwazi ukubamba umoya wakho kuwuphawu oluvamile lokuminyana kwesifuba. Lokhu kungase kuhambisane nokushaywa umoya noma ukuzwa okuqinile esifubeni.
• Ukuqina Kwesifuba Noma Ubunzima: Ungase ube nomuzwa wokucindezela, ukuqina, noma ubunzima esifubeni, okuvame ukuchazwa njengokuzwa sengathi isisindo sicindezela phansi esifubeni.
• Ukushaywa umoya: Ukuhefuzela kungumsindo wokukhala phezulu ozwakala lapho uphefumula, ngokuvamile phakathi nokukhipha umoya. Kungase kubonise ukuncipha kwemigudu yomoya ngenxa yokuvuvukala noma amafinyila amaningi.
• Ukuphefumula Ngokushesha: Ukuminyana kwesifuba kungaholela ekukhuphukeni kwezinga lokuphefumula njengoba umzimba uzama ukunxephezela ukuncipha kokusebenza kwamaphaphu noma ukushintshaniswa komoya-mpilo.
• Ukuphefumula Okujulile: Amaphethini okuphefumula angajulile noma asheshayo angase athuthuke ngenxa yokungakhululeki noma ubunzima bokukhulisa amaphaphu ngokugcwele ngenxa yokuminyana kwesifuba.
• Ukukhathala: Ukuminyana kwesifuba kungabangela ukukhathala noma imizwa yokukhathala, ikakhulukazi uma ubunzima bokuphefumula buphazamisa. ubuthongo noma imisebenzi yansuku zonke.
• I-Cyanosis: Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukuminyana kwesifuba kungaholela ku-cyanosis, ukuguquguquka okuluhlaza kwesikhumba noma izindebe ngenxa yokunganeli komoyampilo wegazi.
• Ukukhiqizwa kwesikhwehlela: Ukuminyana kwesifuba kuvame ukuholela ekwandeni kokukhiqizwa kwesikhwehlela, ingxube yamafinyila, amathe, nezinye izinto ezikhishwa ngesikhathi sokukhwehlela. Isikhwehlela singase sicace, sibe mhlophe, siphuzi, sibe luhlaza, noma sibe negazi, kuye ngembangela ewumsuka.
• Izimpawu Zamakhala: Ukucinana kwesifuba kungase kuhambisane nokucinana kwekhala, ikhala eligijimayo, ukuconsa kwangemva kwekhala, noma ukucindezela kwesinus, ikakhulukazi uma ukuminyana kubangelwa ukutheleleka kokuphefumula noma ukungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile.
• Fever: Amagciwane abangela ukucinana kwesifuba, njengomkhuhlane noma inyumoniya, angase ahambisane nemfiva, ukugodola, ubuhlungu bomzimba, nezinye izimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane.

Ukuhlola Ukuminyana Kwesifuba

Odokotela banezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokunquma imbangela yokucinana kwesifuba:

• Umlando wezokwelapha ukuhlola izici eziyingozi njengokubhema noma ufuba
• Ukulalela isifuba nge-stethoscope
• Ukuhlolwa kwesithombe njengama-X-ray esifuba noma ama-CT scan ukuze ubone ukwakheka kwamaphaphu
• Ukuhlolwa kokuphefumula kwe-Spirometry kokusebenza kwamaphaphu
• Isampula yesikhwehlela ukuhlola izifo
• Ukuhlolwa kokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezingase zibangele

Ukukhomba umsuka kuqondisa izindlela zokwelapha ezifanele. Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane, ngokwesibonelo, kudinga ama-antibiotics, kuyilapho ukungezwani kwemvelo kulawulwa ngokugwema izinto ezibangisayo.

Ukwelapha Ukuminyana Kwesifuba

Izinketho zokwelashwa zincike ekutheni ukuminyana kwesifuba kuvela esimeni esibucayi noma esingamahlalakhona:

Ngokukhwehlela/imikhuhlane:

• Ukuphumula kanye ne-hydration
• Imithi yokukhwehlela/ebandayo
• Ukuhogela ngesitimu ukukhulula amafinyila

Ngezifo zamaphaphu ezingamahlalakhona:

• Ama-inhalers kadokotela nama-nebulisers
• Imithi yomlomo yokuvula imigudu yokuphefumula
• Izivivinyo zokuvuselela amaphaphu
• Ukwelashwa nge-oxygen ezimweni ezinzima

Ukushintsha kwendlela yokuphila njengokuyeka ukubhema nokugwema izinto ezingezwani nomzimba nakho kusiza ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwamafinyila emaphashini. Ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha kuyisihluthulelo sokuminyana okungamahlalakhona ukuze kuvinjelwe izinkinga.

Ungakuvimbela kanjani Ukuminyana Kwesifuba?

Ukuvimbela ukuminyana kwesifuba kuhilela ukuthatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa ingozi yezifo zokuphefumula, ukuphatha izimo ezingaphansi, nokugcina impilo yonke yokuphefumula. Nawa amanye amathiphu okusiza ukuvimbela ukuminyana kwesifuba:

• Zijwayeze Ukuhlanzeka Kahle: Geza izandla zakho njalo ngensipho namanzi, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokudla, ngemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, nangemva kokukhwehlela noma ukuthimula. Gwema ukuthinta ubuso bakho, ikakhulukazi amehlo akho, ikhala, nomlomo, ukuze unciphise ukusabalala kwamagciwane namagciwane.
• I-Stay Hydrated: Phuza uketshezi oluningi, njengamanzi, ama-herbal tea, namasobho ahlanzekile, ukuze ugcine imigudu yakho yokuphefumula imanzi futhi usize ukuphuma kwamafinyila amancane, okwenza kube lula ukusula ukuminyana.
• Quit Ukubhema: Uma ubhema, ukuyeka ukubhema kungenye yezinyathelo ezibaluleke kakhulu ongazithatha ukuze uvimbele ukuminyana kwesifuba kanye nezifo zokuphefumula. Ukubhema kulimaza amaphaphu futhi kwenza amasosha omzimba abe buthakathaka, kukwenze ungenwe kalula izifo zokuphefumula.
• Gwema Intuthu Kagwayi: Nciphisa ukuchayeka entumeni kagwayi, njengoba kungase kucasule umgudu wokuphefumula futhi kwandise ingozi yokucinana kwesifuba kanye nezifo zokuphefumula.
• Gcina Ukudla Okunempilo: Yidla ukudla okulinganiselayo okucebile izithelo, imifino, okusanhlamvu okuphelele, namaprotheni angenalutho ukuze usekele amasosha omzimba aqinile kanye nempilo yonke yokuphefumula. Ukudla okuphezulu kuma-antioxidants, okufana namajikijolo, izithelo ze-citrus, nemifino enamaqabunga, kungasiza ekuqiniseni ukusebenza komzimba.
• Ukuzivocavoca Njalo: Zijwayeze njalo ukuze uqinise imisipha yakho yokuphefumula, uthuthukise umphunga ukusebenza kahle, futhi kuthuthukise impilo yonke yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Khomba okungenani imizuzu engu-150 yokuzivocavoca kwe-aerobic okunamandla okumaphakathi ngesonto, njengoba kunconywe imihlahlandlela yezempilo.
• Lawula I-Allergies: Uma une-allergies, khomba futhi ugweme izinto ezibangela impova, uthuli, i-pet dander, kanye nesikhunta. Sebenzisa imishanguzo ye-allergies noma isibhamu sokungezwani komzimba njengokusho kukamhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuze ulawule izimpawu futhi unciphise ingozi yokucinana kwesifuba.
• Zijwayeze Ukuhlanzeka Kokuphefumula: Vala umlomo wakho nekhala ngethishu noma ngendololwane lapho ukhwehlela noma uthimula ukuze uvimbele ukusabalala kwamaconsi okuphefumula. Lahla izicubu ezisetshenzisiwe ngendlela efanele bese ugeza izandla ngemva kwalokho.
• Gwema Amagciwane Abandayo Nomkhuhlane: Thatha izinyathelo zokugwema ukuthintana eduze nabantu abagulayo, futhi ugweme izindawo eziminyene, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zamakhaza nezinkathi zomkhuhlane. Cabangela ukugonyelwa umkhuhlane unyaka ngamunye ukuze unciphise ingozi yokucinana kwesifuba okuhlobene nomkhuhlane.

Ungamthinta Nini Udokotela?

Kwezinye izimo, ukuminyana kwesifuba kudinga ukunakwa ngokushesha:

• Ukuphefumula kanzima
• Ukukhwehlela iphlegm elinegazi
• ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ukushisa okuphezulu ngaphezu kuka-100.4°F
• Izimpawu zomkhuhlane eziba ngcono zibe zimbi nakakhulu

Ukuwohloka okusheshayo kokuminyana noma ukuqala kwezimpawu ezintsha kubonisa inkinga engathi sína inyumoniya noma isifo samaphaphu. Lokhu kudinga ukuhlolwa okuphuthumayo kanye nokulaliswa esibhedlela ukuze bathole ukwelashwa.

Amakhambi Asekhaya Okuminyana Kwesifuba

Ngokuminyana kwesifuba okuncane, amakhambi emvelo amaningana anganikeza impumuzo ekhaya:

• Ukwelashwa nge-steam kusiza kakhulu. Ukuhogela isitimu esiphuma emanzini ashisayo noma ezitsheni zamanzi ashisayo kuxega amafinyila aminyene ukuze enze ukukhwehlela kukhiqize kakhudlwana. Ukushisa okumanzi kuphinde kudambise ukucasuka emphinjeni nasezindleleni zomoya.
• Amahlamvu anosawoti emakhaleni anamanzi anosawoti enza izimanga ekususeni ukuminyana komzila womoya wamakhala nangaphezulu ngokukhipha amafinyila amaningi. Lokhu kwenza ukuphefumula kube lula.
• Uju luqukethe izinto eziqeda ukubola ezivala futhi zidambise umphimbo othukuthele, zinikeze ukukhululeka kokukhwehlela ngaphezu kobumnandi balo.
• Umthelela wokulwa nokuvuvukala we-ginger uphinde uholele ekukhiqizweni kwamafinyila kancane emaphashini kanye nomphumela wokuminyana. Ukuphuza itiye le-ginger kunganciphisa ukuqina kwesifuba.
• I-Peppermint iqukethe i-menthol, esebenza njenge-decongestant ngokuphula amafinyila nokuvula imigudu yokuphefumula. Itiye le-peppermint noma amafutha abalulekile angasusa ukuminyana okuthile.
• Amafutha kagamthilini akhulula amafinyila ngemiphumela yawo eqeda ukuvuvukala, okuvumela ukukhwehlela okulula kwephlegm. Izakhiwo zayo ze-antibacterial nazo zisiza ukulwa nezifo.
• Ukuhlala unamanzi amancane kukhiphe amafinyila aminyene kakhulu okunzima ukukhwehlela. Ukuphumula kuvumela umzimba ukuthi uqondise amandla ekwelapheni.

Nakuba ewusizo, lawa makhambi emvelo awakwazi ukuxazulula ngokugcwele ukuminyana okungamahlalakhona noma okuba kubi ngokwawo. Funa ukwelashwa ezimweni ezinjalo ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okufanele nokunakekelwa.

Isiphetho

Ukuminyana kwesifuba kuyinkathazo evamile kodwa kungabonisa izimo ezimbi kakhulu njengenyumoniya noma i-COPD. Ukunaka izimpawu ezihambisana naso kusiza ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezimbangela eziyingozi nezingamahlalakhona. Nakuba amakhambi asekhaya afana ne-steam kanye ne-hydration inikeza impumuzo ekuminyana okuncane, izimo eziqhubekayo noma eziba zimbi kakhulu zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo. Ukuxhumana okuvulekile nodokotela kuyisihluthulelo sokuxilonga kahle kanye nokwelapha ukuminyana kwesifuba ngempilo yamaphaphu yesikhathi eside.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ukuminyana kwesifuba kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani?

Izimpendulo. Ngesifo esibi njengomkhuhlane, ukuminyana kwesifuba ngokuvamile kuthatha amasonto angu-1-3. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezimo ezibucayi zamaphaphu, izifo zamaphaphu ezingalapheki zingase ziholele ekuphikeleleni okwengeziwe noma izehlakalo eziphindaphindiwe zokuminyana. Ukufuna ukwelashwa kuyanconywa uma ukuminyana kuthatha ngaphezu kwamaviki ama-3.

2. Kufanele ngikhathazeke nini ngokuminyana kwesifuba?

Izimpendulo. Funa usizo oluphuthumayo ukuze uthole ubunzima bokuphefumula, umkhuhlane ophezulu, ukukhwehlela igazi, noma izimpawu zomkhuhlane eziba zimbi kakhulu ngemva kokuba ngcono. Izimpawu ezinjalo zisikisela inkinga enzima, njengenyumoniya, edinga ukuba kuthathwe isinyathelo sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

3. Iliphi ikhambi lasekhaya elihle lokuminyana?

Izimpendulo. Amakhambi emvelo awusizo okusiza ukuminyana kwesikhashana ahlanganisa umusi, okokuhlanza usawoti, uju, i-menthol, uwoyela we-eucalyptus, i-hydration, nokuphumula. Imithi ye-OTC nayo ingasiza. Bonana nodokotela uma izimpawu ziphikelela emasontweni amathathu.

5. Ingabe ukuminyana kwesifuba kungabangela ukuphelelwa umoya?

Yebo, lapho isifuba sakho siminyene, kungase kube sengathi awutholi umoya owanele. Lokhu kungakwenza uzizwe sengathi uphefumula ngokushesha noma unenkinga yokubamba umoya wakho.

6. Ukuminyana kwesifuba kuzwakala kanjani?

Ukuminyana kwesifuba kuzwakala sengathi isifuba sakho siyasinda noma simpintshana, njengokungathi kukhona okucindezelayo. Kungase kwenze kube nzima ukuphefumula ujule, futhi ungase uzwe sengathi kukhona amafinyila noma uketshezi esifubeni sakho.

7. Kungani ngiba nokuminyana kwesifuba ngemva kokudla?

Ukuminyana kwesifuba ngemva kokudla kungase kwenzeke ngenxa yezizathu eziningana:

• I-Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): I-Reflux ye-Acid noma i-GERD ingabangela i-asidi yesisu ukuba ibuyele emgodleni, okuholela ekubanjweni kwenhliziyo, ukuphindaphinda, nokucasuka kwemigudu yomoya. Lokhu kungadala ukucinana kwesifuba, ukukhwehlela, noma ubunzima bokugwinya, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokudla.
• I-Allergies Yokudla noma Ukuzwela: Abanye abantu bangase babe nokuminyana kwesifuba noma izimpawu zokuphefumula ngemva kokudla ukudla okuthile abangezwani nakho noma okuzwelayo kukho. Lokhu kungase kubangele ukuvuvukala emigwaqweni yomoya futhi kubangele izimpawu ezinjengokukhwehlela, ukukhwehlela, noma ukucinana kwesifuba.
• Ukudla ngokweqile noma Ukudla Okukhulu: Ukudla ukudla okukhulu noma ukudla ngokweqile kungafaka ingcindezi ku-diaphragm nesisu, okuholela ekwenyukeni kwengcindezi yangaphakathi kwesisu. Lokhu kungadala i-acid reflux, ukuvuvukala, noma imizwa yokugcwala esifubeni, engase ibonakale njengokuminyana kwesifuba.
• I-Postnasal Drip: Ukudla ngezinye izikhathi kungase kubangele ukuvuza kwangemva kokukhala, lapho amafinyila amaningi aphuma emakhaleni ehle ehle ngemuva emphinjeni nasesifubeni. Lokhu kungabangela ukucasuka, ukukhwehlela, noma ukuzwa ukuminyana kwesifuba.

CARE Medical Team

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