Ukutheleleka Kwesifuba

Zibone ngeso lengqondo uvuka ukhwehlela njalo, ubambe isifuba futhi uphelelwa umoya. Kubantu abaningi, lesi simo sijwayeleke kakhulu—sesabekayo ukutheleleka kwesifuba ushayile. Lezi zifo zokuphefumula zingaba umthombo obalulekile wokungakhululeki, ukuphazamisa izinqubo zansuku zonke futhi kubangele izimpawu ezihlukahlukene ezingathandeki. Izifo zesifuba yizifo ezithinta umgudu wokuphefumula ophansi, okuhlanganisa i-bronchi namaphaphu. Izimpawu zabo zisukela ekuhluphekeni okuncane kuye ekukhwehleleni okuqhubekayo kanye nokuphelelwa umoya.

Izimpawu Zezifo Zesifuba

Ukutheleleka kwesifuba kungabonakala ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, futhi kubalulekile ukuqaphela izimpawu. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• Ukukhwehlela okungapheli okungahlala izinsuku noma amasonto
• Ukuphefumula kanzima
• Ukushisa noma imisindo eshaya amakhwela, ebonisa ukuvuvukala noma ukuvinjelwa kwemigudu yokuphefumula
• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukungaphatheki kahle okuba kubi kakhulu ngokukhwehlela noma ukuphefumula okujulile
• Umkhuhlane namakhaza
• Ukukhathala nokubuthakathaka

Izimbangela Zezifo Zesifuba

Izici eziningana, kuhlanganise nama-viral and bacterial agents, zingaba nomthelela ekungenweni izifo zesifuba. Lokhu okulandelayo yizimbangela ezivamile zokutheleleka kwesifuba:

• Ukutheleleka ngegciwane: Amagciwane ahlukahlukene, afana nomkhuhlane ojwayelekile, umkhuhlane, kanye ne-COVID-19, ngokuvamile angaholela ezifweni zesifuba. Lawa ma-viral agents angabangela ukuvuvukala nokucasuka emgudwini wokuphefumula, okuholela ekuthelelekeni kwesifuba.
• Ukutheleleka kwamagciwane: Amagciwane athile, njenge-Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, ne-Mycoplasma pneumoniae, nawo angaba nesibopho sezifo zesifuba. Lezi zifo ezibangelwa amagciwane zingabangela izimpawu ezinzima kakhulu futhi zingadinga ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic.
• Izimo zempilo eziyisisekelo: Ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwamaphaphu, abantu abanezifo zokuphefumula esezivele zikhona, njenge ufuba, isifo esingapheliyo sokuvimbela kwamaphaphu (COPD), noma i-cystic fibrosis, ingase ibe sengozini yokuthola izifo zesifuba.
• Amasosha omzimba antekenteke: Abantu abanokuzivikela komzimba okubuthakathaka, njengalabo abane-HIV/AIDS, umdlavuza, noma labo abathola ukwelashwa okukhethekile, bathambekele kakhulu ekungenweni izifo zesifuba.
• Izici zendawo ezungezile: Ukuchayeka ezintweni ezingcolile, intuthu, noma ezinye izinto ezicasulayo nazo zingaba nomthelela ekwakhiweni kwezifo zesifuba, njengoba lezi zici zingacasula futhi zishise isimiso sokuphefumula.

Ukuxilongwa Kwezifo Zesifuba

Ukuxilonga ngokunembile isifo sesifuba kubalulekile ekunqumeni inkambo efanele yokwelashwa. Ochwepheshe bezempilo ingase isebenzise inhlanganisela yalezi zindlela ezilandelayo ukwenza ukuxilongwa:

• Umlando wezokwelapha kanye nokuhlaziywa komzimba: Udokotela uzobuza ngezimpawu zesiguli, umlando wezokwelapha, nezimo ezingaphansi. Bazophinde benze ukuhlola ngokomzimba, okuhlanganisa ukulalela ukuphefumula kwesiguli kanye nokuhlola noma yiziphi izimpawu zokutheleleka.
• Ukuhlolwa kwesithombe: I-X-ray yesifuba noma ama-CT scan angasiza ekuhloleni amaphaphu ngokubonakalayo futhi abone noma yikuphi ukungahambi kahle okungase kubonise ukutheleleka kwesifuba.
• Isampula yesikhwehlela noma yamafinyila: Udokotela angase acele isampula yesikhwehlela noma amafinyila esiguli ukuze abone amagciwane, amagciwane, noma ezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ukuhlaziywa kwegazi, okufana noku isibalo segazi esiphelele (CBC) noma ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kwe-antibody, kungakhomba ubukhona bokutheleleka futhi kunikeze ulwazi mayelana nembangela ewumsuka.
• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu (LFTs): I-Spirometry noma ezinye izivivinyo zokusebenza kwamaphaphu zingase zihlole amandla okuphefumula esiguli futhi zihlonze noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka okuhlobene nesifo sesifuba.

Ukwelashwa Kwezifo Zesifuba

Ukwelashwa kwezifo zesifuba kungahluka futhi kuncike kumsuka wayo, ubukhulu bezimpawu, kanye nesimo sempilo yomuntu sisonke. Nazi ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezijwayelekile:

• Ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic: Odokotela bangase banikeze ama-antibiotics okutheleleka kwesifuba sebhaktheriya ukusiza ukuqeda i-ejenti ethelelanayo nokunciphisa izimpawu. 
• Imithi elwa namagciwane: Odokotela bangase banikeze imithi elwa namagciwane ukusiza ukunciphisa ubude nobukhulu bezifo zesifuba ezibangelwa amagciwane, njengalezo ezibangelwa igciwane lomkhuhlane.
• Ama-bronchodilators kanye ne-corticosteroids: Le mithi yokutheleleka kwesifuba ingasiza ukuvula imigudu yokuphefumula, ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala, nokwenza ngcono ukuphefumula kubantu abanezifo zesifuba.
• Izinqamuleli zokukhwehlela nama-expectorants: Imithi yokukhwehlela etholakala ngaphandle kwekhawunta ingasiza ekulawuleni ukukhwehlela okungapheli okuhambisana nezifo zesifuba.
• I-hydration nokuphumula: Ukuphuza amanzi ngendlela efanele kanye nokuphumula okwanele kubalulekile enqubweni yokwelapha yemvelo yomzimba ngesikhathi sokutheleleka kwesifuba.

Indlela Yokwelapha Isifo Sesifuba Ekhaya

Kwesinye isikhathi, amakhambi alula okutheleleka kwesifuba angakhulula futhi asekele izindlela zokuphulukisa zemvelo zomzimba, njenge:

• Hlala uhlanzekile: Ukuphuza uketshezi olwanele kubalulekile ekuthelelekeni kwesifuba. Khomba okungenani izingilazi zamanzi eziyisishiyagalombili, itiye le-herbal, noma imihluzi efudumele nsuku zonke ukuze ugcine ufinyila luncane futhi kulula ukukhwehlela. Gwema ukuphuza iziphuzo ezinoshukela ne-carbonated, ngoba zingakhuphula ukuvuvukala.
• Sebenzisa uju: Uju lunezici zemvelo zokulwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-antibacterial ezingadambisa a umphimbo obuhlungu futhi unciphise ukukhwehlela. Hlanganisa isipuni soju namanzi asivivi, itiye le-herbal, noma ulijabulele.
• Zama ugalikhi: I-garlic iyi-antimicrobial yemvelo engasiza ukulwa nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye negciwane. Engeza ama-clove kagalikhi amasha ekudleni kwakho noma uthathe izithasiselo kuzo thuthukisa amasosha akho omzimba.
• Hofuza isitimu: Ukuphefumula umoya ofudumele, onomswakama kungasiza ukukhulula amafinyila futhi kudambise imigudu yakho yokuphefumula. Geza ishawa esishisayo, sebenzisa okokuhudisa umoya, noma uncike phezu kwesitsha samanzi ashisayo nethawula elisonge phezu kwekhanda lakho ukuze wakhe itende lesitimu.
• Phumula ngokwanele: Ukuphumula ngokwanele kubalulekile ukuze umzimba wakho ugxile ekwelapheni. Gwema imisebenzi ekhandlayo futhi uthathe ikhefu njengoba kudingeka usuku lonke.
• Amafutha abalulekile: Amafutha athile abalulekile, njenge-peppermint, i-eucalyptus, ne-thyme, angaba nomthelela wokuqeda ukuhlangana futhi akusize ukusula umoya wakho. Engeza amaconsi ambalwa alawa mafutha ku-diffuser noma uxube namafutha okuphatha (ukhukhunathi noma amafutha omnqumo) bese ubhucunga isifuba sakho nomphimbo.
• Dlulisa ujinja: Ujinja unezinto ezilwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-expectorant esiza amafinyila amancane futhi adambise ukukhwehlela. Phuza itiye le-ginger noma wengeze i-ginger entsha egayiwe ekudleni kwakho.
• Prakthiza ukuvivinya ukuphefumula: Ukuzivocavoca okuthile kokuphefumula, njengokuphefumula okujulile, kungasiza ukusula amaphaphu akho futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kokuphefumula. Zama amasu afana nokuphefumula kwe-diaphragmatic noma ukuphefumula ngezindebe.
• Hlala uqondile: Gwema ukucambalala phansi, njengoba lokhu kungenza kube nzima ukusula imigudu yakho yokuphefumula. Ngakho-ke, zisekele ngemicamelo eyengeziwe noma ulale endaweni yokulala.

Indlela Yokuvimbela Ukutheleleka Kwesifuba?

• Qinisa amasosha akho omzimba: Yidla ukudla okulinganiselayo, ukudla okunomsoco, vivinya umzimba njalo, futhi ulale ngokwanele ukuze ugcine isimiso sakho sokuzivikela ezifweni siqinile futhi sikwazi kangcono ukulwa nezifo.
• Zijwayeze ukuhlanzeka: Geza izandla njalo, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokudla nangemuva kokuba sendaweni yomphakathi. Gwema ukuthinta ubuso bakho njalo, futhi uvale umlomo nekhala lapho ukhwehlela noma uthimula.
• Yeka ukubhema: Ukubhema kungawenza buthaka isimiso sakho sokuphefumula futhi kukwenze ungenwe kalula izifo zesifuba. Ngakho-ke, uma ubhema, cabanga ukuyeka noma ukunciphisa.
• Lawula izimo ezingapheli: Izimo eziyisisekelo eziyisisekelo ezifana nesifuba somoya, i-COPD, noma isifo senhliziyo zingandisa ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa isifo sesifuba. Sebenza nodokotela wakho ukuze ulawule lezi zimo ngempumelelo.
• Gonywa: Imithi ethile yokugoma, efana ne-influenza shot kanye nomgomo we-pneumococcal, ingasiza ekuvimbeleni ezinye izinhlobo zezifo zesifuba. 

Kufanele Ngimbone Nini Udokotela?

Kufanele uthintane nodokotela uma uhlangabezana:

• Izimpawu eziphikelelayo noma eziba zimbi kakhulu ezingathuthuki phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-7-10
• Ukuphefumula kanzima noma ukuphelelwa umoya
• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukungakhululeki
• Ukushisa okuphezulu (ngaphezu kuka-101°F noma 38.3°C)
• Ukukhwehlela igazi noma amafinyila ajiyile, ashintshe umbala
• Izimpawu ezibuyayo ngemva kokuba ngcono ekuqaleni

Isiphetho

Ukutheleleka kwesifuba kungase kungakhululeki, kodwa ngamakhambi afanele asekhaya namasu okuzinakekela, ungathola impumuzo futhi usekele inqubo yokuphulukisa yemvelo yomzimba wakho. Khumbula ukuhlala u-hydrated, uphumule, futhi funa ukungenelela kwezokwelapha uma izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi kakhulu noma zingathuthuki ngesikhathi esifanele. Ngokuhlanganisa lezi zindlela zemvelo, ungakwazi ukulawula ukutheleleka kwesifuba sakho ngenkuthalo futhi ubuyele ekuzizweleni okungcono kakhulu.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ingabe izifo zesifuba zivamile?

Ukutheleleka kwesifuba kuvamile, ikakhulukazi phakathi nezinyanga ezibandayo. Angabangelwa amagciwane, amabhaktheriya, noma inhlanganisela yakho kokubili futhi angasukela kokumnene kuye kokuqina.

2. Ingabe izifo zesifuba ziyathathelana?

Izifo zesifuba zingathathelana, kuye ngembangela ewumsuka. Izifo zesifuba ezibangelwa amagciwane, njengomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane, ngokuvamile zithathelwana kakhulu kunezifo zesifuba sebhaktheriya. Ukuhlanzeka okufanele kanye nokugcina ibanga nabantu abanaleli gciwane kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukubhebhetheka kwezifo zesifuba.

3. Ukutheleleka kwesifuba kungathatha isikhathi esingakanani?

Ubude besikhathi sokutheleleka kwesifuba bungahluka, kodwa izifo eziningi zesifuba ezibangelwa amagciwane zivame ukuhlala izinsuku ezingu-7-10, kanti izifo zesifuba se-bacterial zingase zihlale amasonto angu-2-3 noma ngaphezulu uma zingelashwa. Ukufuna isiqondiso sezokwelapha nokulandela uhlelo lokwelapha olunconyiwe kungasiza ukunciphisa ubude besikhathi sokutheleleka kwesifuba.

4. Ingabe isifo sesifuba singalimaza amaphaphu?

Ukutheleleka kwesifuba ngezinye izikhathi kungaholela ezinkingeni ezingase zilimaze amaphaphu, njenge inyumoniya, i-bronchitis, noma amathumba emaphashini. Lezi zivame kakhulu kubantu abanezimo zokuphefumula ezingaphansi noma amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka. Ukufuna ukwelashwa ngokushesha kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukulimala kwesikhathi eside kwamaphaphu.

5. Yikuphi ukudla okulungele izifo zesifuba?

Okunye ukudla okungaba yinzuzo kubantu abanesifo sesifuba kuhlanganisa:

• I-ginger, i-garlic, ne-turmeric, ene-anti-inflammatory kanye ne-antimicrobial properties
• Uju, olupholisa umphimbo obuhlungu futhi lunciphise ukukhwehlela
• Imihluzi efudumele, ecacile nesobho engakusiza ukuthi uhlale umanzi futhi ukhulule imifino yamafinyila nezithelo ezinovithamini C, njengamawolintshi, upelepele, kanye kiwi

6. Yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukene zezifo zesifuba?

Okulandelayo ezinye zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokutheleleka kwesifuba:

• I-Bronchitis: Ukuvuvukala kwe-bronchi
• Inyumoniya: Ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu
• I-Pleurisy: Uma ulwelwesi oluzungeze amaphaphu luvuvukala
• Isifo sofuba: Ukutheleleka ngebhaktheriya emaphashini
• Ukutheleleka kwesifuba sesikhunta, njenge-aspergillosis noma i-cryptococcosis

CARE Medical Team

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