Uhudo Ezinganeni

Isifo sohudo ezinganeni singenye yezinkinga zezempilo ezivame kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, ezithinta izigidi zentsha unyaka ngamunye. Isifo sohudo siyinkinga enkulu, njengoba izingane zisengozini yokulahlekelwa uketshezi (kwamanzi emzimbeni) ngenxa yobukhulu bemizimba yazo emincane. Uhudo ezinganeni lungabangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, ukungezwani kokudla, kanye nemithi ethile. Ukuqonda izimbangela zohudo ezinganeni nokwazi ukuthi zelashwa kanjani ngempumelelo kuphakathi kwezinyathelo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuqinisekisa inhlalakahle yezingane zethu.

Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izimbangela ezivamile zohudo ezinganeni futhi sixoxe ngezindlela ezisebenzayo zokulawula lesi simo ekhaya. Sizobheka izimpawu okufanele uziqaphele, indlela odokotela abaxilonga ngayo inkinga, nendlela yokwelapha isifo sohudo ezinganeni.

Izimpawu Zokuhuda Ezinganeni

Isifo sohudo ezinganeni sibonakala ngale ndlela: 

• Ukudlula indle exegayo, enamanzi ngaphezu kokuthathu ngosuku okungenani amasonto amane
• Ubuhlungu besisu, ukuqunjelwa, nokuqunjelwa 
• I-nausea noma ukuhlanza
• Ukuvimbela nogesi
• Izinguquko ekudleni
• Kwezinye izimo, izingane zingase zibe nendle enegazi noma zingakwazi ukulawula ukunyakaza kwazo kwamathumbu.
• Fever futhi amakhaza 

Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kuyinkinga enkulu ehambisana nesifo sohudo. Izimpawu zihlanganisa:

• Ukoma Okudlulele
• Ukwehlisa ukuchama
• Ukungabi namandla
• Umlomo omile
• Azikho izinyembezi uma ekhala
• Amehlo ashone noma izihlathi
• Ukuncipha kwe-skin turgor

Izimbangela Zokuhuda Ezinganeni

Isifo sohudo ezinganeni sinezimbangela ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ekuthelelekeni kuya ezindabeni ezihlobene nokudla. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise: 

• Ukutheleleka ngegciwane, njenge-rotavirus ne-norovirus, yizigebengu ezivamile. Ukutheleleka kwamagciwane, okuhlanganisa i-E. coli, i-Salmonella, ne-Shigella, nakho kunendima ebalulekile. 
• Ukutheleleka ngezinambuzane, njenge-Cryptosporidium kanye ne-Giardia, kungabangela isifo sohudo esingapheli.
• Ukungezwani nokudla kanye nokungabekezelelani kunomthelela ezenzakalweni zohudo. Ubisi, isoyi, nokunye ukudla okungakuphathi kahle kuvame ukubathinta izingane ezincane. Ukungabekezelelani kwe-lactose, ukungabekezelelani kwe-fructose, nokungabekezelelani kwe-sucrose kungaholela esihudo esingapheli.
• Ukudla okungcolile kanye nemithombo yamanzi yizici ezinkulu ezibeka engcupheni, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho ukukhucululwa kwendle kungcolile. Ukusabalala komuntu nomuntu, okubhebhethekiswa ukungahlanzeki, kungenye indlela evamile yokudlulisela.
• Izimo ezithile zezokwelapha (isifo se-celiac kanye nesifo samathumbu esivuthayo) zingabangela isifo sohudo esingapheli ezinganeni. Iziyaluyalu ezisebenzayo zesisu, njengohudo oluncane kanye nesifo samathumbu esicasulayo, nakho kuyimbangela engaba khona.

Ukuxilongwa Kwesifo Sohudo Ezinganeni

Odokotela baxilonga isifo sohudo ezinganeni ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise:

• Umlando Wezokwelapha: Odokotela bahlola umlando wezokwelapha wengane, imikhuba yokudla, ubude kanye nesikhathi sohudo.
• Ukuhlola Umzimba: Kungase kuhilele ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwezimpawu ezibalulekile zengane, isimo sokuntuleka kwamanzi emzimbeni, ukuthamba kwesisu, nezinye izinkinga ezingase zibe khona.
•  Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi: Odokotela bangase baqhube izithombe zegazi ukuze bahlole izimpawu zokutheleleka, ukuvuvukala (ukuvuvukala), noma ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi, njengokungalingani kwe-electrolyte.
• Ukuhlaziywa Kwendle: Odokotela baqoqa amasampula endle ukuze kutholakale amagciwane afana namagciwane (isb, i-Salmonella, E. coli), amagciwane (isb., i-rotavirus), noma izimuncagazi (isb, i-Giardia). Indle ingase futhi ihlolwe igazi, amafinyila, noma ukungaguquguquki okungavamile.

Ngohudo olungapheli, ukuhlolwa okubanzi ngokuvamile kuyadingeka. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola i-anemia, ukuvuvukala, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, kanye nesimo sokudla okunempilo
• Izifundo ze-X-ray ezimweni ezithile
• I-Endoscopy or colonoscopy nge-biopsy ukuhlola ukuvuvukala
• I-Lactose breath hydrogen test ukuxilonga ukungabekezelelani kwe-lactose
• Odokotela bangase futhi batuse ukugcina idayari yokudla futhi bangase benze izivivinyo ukuze bagweme ukungezwani nokudla noma ukungabekezelelani. Kwesinye isikhathi, bangase baphakamise ukudla okuqeda isilingo ukuze bahlonze izinto ezingaba izibangeli.

Ukwelashwa Kwesifo Sohudo Ezinganeni

Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelapha isifo sohudo ezinganeni ukuvimbela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni. Nawu umhlahlandlela ojwayelekile:

• Abazali kufanele banikeze uketshezi oluningi ukuze babuyisele lezo ezilahlekile ngenxa yohudo. 
• Ezimweni zohudo oluncane, izingane zingaqhubeka nokudla kwazo okujwayelekile, okuhlanganisa ubisi lwebele noma ubisi lwezinsana. Izingane ezindala kufanele zidle ukudla okunesitashi okwengeziwe njengerayisi, okusanhlamvu, nama-crackers.
• Izixazululo zokubuyisela amanzi emzimbeni (ORS) zinconywa ezimweni ezimaphakathi kuya kwezinzima. Lezi zixazululo zithatha indawo yama-electrolyte noketshezi olulahlekile. 
• Gwema amajusi ezithelo, iziphuzo ezinoshukela, neziphuzo zezemidlalo, ngoba lokhu kungabhebhethekisa isifo sohudo.
• Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu noma lapho ukuncelisa ngomlomo kungenakwenzeka, kungase kudingeke uketshezi olufakwa emthanjeni. 
• Odokotela bangase banikeze ama-antibiotics lapho izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ziqinisekiswa. 
• Abazali kufanele baqaphe izingane zabo ukuze babone izimpawu zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni futhi bafune usizo lwezokwelapha uma izimpawu ziba zimbi kakhulu noma ziphikelela amahora angaphezu kwama-48.

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela

Abazali kufanele bathinte udokotela wengane yabo uma: 

• Isifo sohudo siqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora angu-48 noma sibe sibi kakhulu 
• Ingane ibonisa izimpawu zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni (ukuncipha kokuchama, umlomo owomile, noma amehlo acwile)
• Uma ingane inomkhuhlane omkhulu, ikakhulukazi ezinsaneni ezingaphansi kwezinyanga ezintathu ezinezinga lokushisa elingu-38°C noma ngaphezulu 
• Uma ingane yenqaba ukudla noma ukuphuza noma ibonisa izimpawu zokuvuvukala kwesisu
• Okunye okuphathelene nezimpawu zihlanganisa ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu, indle enegazi, nokuhlanza njalo. 
• Ezinganeni ezibuthakathaka amasosha omzimba, ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha kubalulekile. 
• Abazali kufanele baqaphele izimpawu ezinjengokuqina kwentamo, ukuqubuka okungavamile, noma ukozela okwedlulele. 

Amakhambi Asekhaya Okwelapha Uhudo Ezinganeni

• Abazali bangakwazi ukulawula isifo sohudo esingatheni ezinganeni ekhaya ngokugxila ekunikezeni amanzi kanye nokudla okufanele. Ukunikeza uketshezi oluningi kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni. Amanzi, umhluzi, neziphuzo zemidlalo ezinoshukela omncane kuyizinto ezifanelekayo. 
• Okwezingane, qhubeka ibele noma ukuphakelwa kwefomula njengokujwayelekile.
• I-Oral rehydration solutions (ORS) iyasebenza ekuthatheni esikhundleni ama-electrolyte alahlekile. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungayihlambululi i-ORS noma uyixube nefomula.
• Ukulungisa ukudla kungasiza. Nikeza ngokudla okunesitashi okufana nelayisi, okusanhlamvu, nama-crackers. 
• Ezinganeni ezineminyaka engaphezu konyaka owodwa ubudala, iyogathi nama-gelatin cubes anongiwe anganikezwa. 
• Gwema amajusi ezithelo neziphuzo ezinoshukela, ngoba lokhu kungabhebhethekisa isifo sohudo.
• Abazali akufanele banikeze imithi yokunqanda isifo sohudo ngaphandle uma beyalelwe udokotela ngokuqondile, ngoba ingaba yingozi uma ingasetshenziswa kahle. 

Prevention

Ukuvimbela isifo sohudo ezinganeni kuhilela amasu amaningana abalulekile, njenge: 

• Ukugeza izandla ngendlela efanele ngensipho namanzi afudumele cishe imizuzwana engama-20 kubalulekile. Abazali kufanele bafundise izingane ukugeza izandla ngaphambi nangemuva kokudla, ngemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, nalapho behlanganyela izinto. Uma insipho namanzi kungatholakali, izingane zingasebenzisa izibulali-magciwane ezenziwe ngotshwala.
• Ukugoma kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni. Umuthi wokugomela i-rotavirus ungavikela izingane esibangeni esivamile sohudo olunzima nokuhlanza. 
• Ukuphepha kokudla kubalulekile. Abazali kufanele bakupheke kahle ukudla, ikakhulukazi inyama, ukuze babulale amagciwane ayingozi. 
• Lapho isohambweni, imindeni kufanele iqaphele amanzi kanye nemithombo yokudla. Kufanele baphuze amanzi asemabhodleleni, bagweme iqhwa elenziwe ngamanzi ampompi, futhi baqaphele izithelo nemifino eluhlaza ngaphandle kwalapho kugeziwe futhi kuhlutshiwe.

Isiphetho

Ukuqonda izimbangela kanye nokulawulwa ngempumelelo kohudo ezinganeni kubalulekile kubazali nakubabheki. Abazali bangadlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni nasekuvimbeleni isifo sohudo ezinganeni zabo ngokugxila ekunikezeni amanzi ngendlela efanele, umsoco, kanye nemikhuba yenhlanzeko. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi nakuba izimo eziningi zingasingathwa ekhaya, ezinye izimo zidinga ukunakwa ngokushesha.

Ukugcina izingane ziphilile kuhilela inhlanganisela yezinyathelo zokuvimbela kanye nesinyathelo esifike ngesikhathi lapho ukugula kugadla. Kusukela ekugcineni izandla zihlanzekile kuya ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha kokudla kanye nokuhlala unolwazi lwakamuva ngemigomo, ziningi izinyathelo ongazithatha njengomzali ukuze unciphise ingozi yohudo enganeni yakho. Uma isifo sohudo senzeka, ukwazi ukuthi ungasabela kanjani ngempumelelo kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekunethezekeni nasekululameni kwengane. Ngokuhlala benolwazi futhi beqaphile, abazali bangasiza ekuqinisekiseni inhlalakahle yezingane zabo futhi bazulazule ngokuzethemba le nselele yezempilo evamile.

FAQ sika

1. Ingabe isifo sohudo singavinjelwa ezinganeni?

Abazali bangathatha izinyathelo ezimbalwa zokuvimbela isifo sohudo ezinganeni. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukugeza izandla okufanele, ukugonyelwa i-rotavirus, nokuqapha mayelana nokudla nemithombo yamanzi. Ukugwema amanzi ompompi, ubisi olungagcotshwanga, nezithelo nemifino eluhlaza nakho kubalulekile. Ukuncelisa izinsana ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyisithupha kuvikela izifo eziningi.

2. Kufanele ngikhathazeke nini ngokuhuda kwengane yami?

Abazali kufanele bathinte udokotela uma ingane yabo ibonisa izimpawu zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, njengokuncipha kokuchama, umlomo owomile, noma amehlo ashone phansi. Ezinye izimpawu eziphathelene nomkhuhlane ophakeme, indle enegazi, njalo oluhlanzayo, nobuhlungu obukhulu besisu. Ezinsaneni ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, noma yisiphi isifo sohudo sidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Uhudo oluqhubekayo oluhlala ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezingu-2-3 noma oluhambisana nokuncipha kwesisindo ludinga nokuhlolwa kochwepheshe.

3. Ingabe ifayibha noma ukudla okuthile kuzosimisa isifo sohudo sengane yami?

Ukudla okuthile okunothe nge-fiber kungase kusize ukubambezela isifo sohudo ezinganeni. Ama-apula (angenasikhumba), ubhanana, ibhali, i-oats, nobhatata (ngaphandle kwesikhumba) angaba yinzuzo. I-curd namanzi kakhukhunathi angasiza ukugcwalisa uketshezi namaminerali alahlekile. Nokho, ukugwema ubisi, ukudla okunamafutha, neziphuzo ezinoshukela kubalulekile ngezikhathi zohudo.

UDkt Shalini

CARE Medical Team

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