I-Encephalopathy

Njalo ngonyaka, izinkulungwane zabantu zithola izinguquko ekusebenzeni kobuchopho babo ezithinta ukuphila kwabo kwansuku zonke. Lezi zinguquko zingaba ukudideka okuncane noma ngezinye izikhathi izinguquko ezimbi kakhulu ekuqapheleni.

Ukuqonda i-encephalopathy kusiza abantu ukuthi babone izimpawu zayo eziyisixwayiso kusenesikhathi. Lesi sihloko sichaza i-encephalopathy, izinhlobo zayo ezihlukahlukene, izimpawu, izimbangela, nezindlela zokwelapha. Iphinde iqondise ukuthi kufanele ufune nini usizo lwezokwelapha kanye nezindlela zokuvimbela izinhlobo ezithile zalesi simo.

Iyini i-Encephalopathy?

I-Encephalopathy iyiqembu lezimo ezithinta ukusebenza nokwakheka kobuchopho. Ngokungafani nesifo esisodwa esithile, sihlanganisa izifo ezihlukahlukene ezingashintsha okwesikhashana noma unomphela indlela ubuchopho obusebenza ngayo. Lapho umuntu eba ne-encephalopathy, ubuchopho bakhe buba nezinguquko ezithinta isimo sakhe sengqondo nokuziphatha.

Izinhlobo ze-Encephalopathy

Ochwepheshe bahlukanisa i-encephalopathy ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko ngokusekelwe emandleni abo okululama: izimo ezihlehliswayo nezingenakuhlehliswa. 

• I-Reversible Encephalopathy:
  • I-Hepatic Encephalopathy noma i-Encephalopathy evela eSifo Sesibindi: Le encephalopathy yenzeka lapho isibindi singakwazi ukususa ubuthi egazini ngokuphumelelayo
  • I-Encephalopathy ye-Hashimoto: Kuxhunywe ku abanale nkinga futhi izivikeli mzimba ukungasebenzi
  • I-Metabolic Encephalopathy: Isuka ezimeni ezifana nesifo sikashukela, ukuhluleka kwezinso, noma ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo
  • I-Hypertensive Encephalopathy: Imiphumela evela kanzima umfutho wegazi ophakeme
  • I-Encephalopathy ye-Wernicke: Kubangelwa ukuntuleka kwevithamini B-1, okuvame ukubonakala ekudakweni
  • I-Toxic-metabolic Encephalopathy: Ikhula kusuka ezifweni, ubuthi, noma ukwehluleka kwezitho
• I-Irreversible Encephalopathy: 
  • I-Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: Imiphumela yokulimala ekhanda okuphindaphindiwe
  • I-Hypoxic-ischemic Encephalopathy: Kubangelwa ukungatholakali kwe-oxygen eyanele ebuchosheni. 
  • I-Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy: Kuyaziwa nangokuthi isifo se-prion
  • I-Glycine Encephalopathy: Kuyisimo sofuzo esikhona kusukela ekuzalweni.

Izimpawu ze-Encephalopathy

Lokhu okulandelayo yizimpawu nezimpawu ezijwayelekile ze-encephalopathy:

• Ukudideka kanye nokudideka kanzima ukugcina ukunakwa
• Izinkinga zenkumbulo ezithinta kokubili ukukhumbula okufushane nesikhathi eside
• Izinguquko zobuntu, kuhlanganise nokucasuka noma ukuzola okungavamile
• Iziphazamiso zokulala ezisukela ekongeni kuya ekuqedeni ukuguqulwa kwamaphethini okulala
• Ubunzima bengqondo obuthinta ukugxilisa ingqondo nokwenza izinqumo
• Ukushintsha kwemizwa njengokucindezeleka noma ukulahlekelwa ugqozi
• Ama-hallucinations, lapho abantu bebona noma bezwa izinto ezingekho 
• Ukunyakaza kwemisipha okungahleliwe, okuhlanganisa ukundindizela noma ukunyakaza kwamehlo okungajwayelekile. 

Izinkinga ze-Encephalopathy

Izigaba eziningana ezinkulu zezimbangela zingaholela ku-encephalopathy:

• Izimo Zezokwelapha:
  • Ukwehluleka kwezinso okuholela ekwakhekeni kobuthi
  • Isifo sesibindi okuthinta ukuhlunga kwegazi
  • Diabetes 
  • Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo
  • Izifo ze-autoimmune ezithinta ukusebenza kobuchopho
• Izinto Zangaphandle:
  • Ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali anobuthi njenge-mercury noma umthofu
  • Imithi ethile, kuhlanganise namaphilisi okulala
  • Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kumakhemikhali ezimboni
  • Ukuchayeka emisebeni

Izingozi Zezingozi

Abantu babhekene nengozi enkulu yokuthola i-encephalopathy kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• Abasubathi abasemidlalweni yokuxhumana noma abasebenzi bezempi 
• Labo abanesifo sesibindi esingamahlalakhona noma izinkinga zezinso 
• Ukuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kotshwala, ukungondleki, noma ukumuncwa kabi kwemisoco
• Abantu abanomlando womndeni wezinhlobo ezithile ze-encephalopathy bangase babe ne-genetic predisposition ekuthuthukiseni lesi simo.

Izinkinga

Izinkinga ezinzima zingabandakanya:

• Ukulimala kobuchopho unomphela
• Ukulahlekelwa amakhono okuqonda
• Ukuthuthukiswa kokuquleka
• Ukuqhubekela phambili ku-coma
• Izinkinga ezisongela ukuphila

Sifo

Ukuhlola kokuqala kuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe lapho odokotela:

• Yenza izivivinyo zomzimba nezinzwa
• Buyekeza umlando wezokwelapha ophelele
• Hlola imithi yamanje
• Linganisa izimpawu ngosizo oluvela kumalungu omndeni
• Yenza ukuhlolwa kwesimo sengqondo

Odokotela bavame uku-oda izivivinyo zokuxilonga ezimbalwa ukuze baqinisekise ukuxilongwa nokuthola imbangela ewumsuka. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise 

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola ukusebenza kwesibindi kanye ne-ammonia 
• Ukuthwebula ubuchopho, okufana ne-MRI noma i-CT scans, ukubheka ukuvuvukala noma izinguquko zesakhiwo
• I-Electroencephalogram (EEG) ukukala amaphethini omsebenzi wobuchopho
• I-Lumbar puncture isetshenziselwa ukubona ukuvuvukala noma ukutheleleka oketshezini lomgogodla.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Encephalopathy

Izindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

• Ukuphathwa Kwemithi: Odokotela bangase banikeze ama-antibiotics ukunciphisa amagciwane ayingozi noma i-lactulose ukunciphisa amazinga e-toxin egazini
• Ukunakekela Okusekelayo: Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukulawula izimo eziphuthumayo okungenzeka ukuthi zibangele i-encephalopathy
• Izinqubo Ezikhethekile: Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, odokotela bangancoma i-hemodialysis noma ukushintshaniswa kwe-plasma
• immunotherapy: Ezimweni ezihlobene ne-autoimmune, odokotela bavame ukunikeza umthamo omkhulu we-corticosteroids

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela

Abantu kufanele baye kuzimo eziphuthumayo ze-neuro uma bebona okulandelayo:

• Ukudideka okukhulu noma ukudideka
• Izinguquko kungazelelwe ukwazi
• Ubunzima bokuhlala uphapheme
• Ukunyakaza okungazinikeli
• Ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo noma amnesia
• Ukozela okukhulu

Ukuvimbela

Ukugcina impilo enhle ngokudla okunempilo kumi njengesisekelo sokuvimbela. Odokotela bagcizelela ukubaluleka kokuhlolwa njalo kokudla okunomsoco kanye nokwelulekwa ngokudla, ikakhulukazi kubantu abasengozini enkulu. Ukudla okunomsoco okunomsoco owanele kusekela ukusebenza kahle kobuchopho futhi kunciphisa ingozi yezinkinga ze-metabolic.

Abantu bangathatha izinyathelo ezingokoqobo ezimbalwa ukuze bazivikele:

• Gcina izinqubo zokuzivocavoca njalo ukuze uvimbele ukunqwabelana kwamafutha esibindini
• Prakthiza amasu okulawula ukucindezeleka
• Landela ukudla okulinganiselayo nesikhathi sokudla esifanele
• Gwema isikhathi eside sokuzila ukudla
• Yeka ukubhema futhi unciphise ukusetshenziswa kotshwala
• Gada futhi ugcine ibhalansi efanele ye-electrolyte
• Thatha izithasiselo ezinqunyiwe njengoba kunconywe abahlinzeki bezempilo

Isiphetho

Ukuqonda i-encephalopathy kusiza abantu ukuthi babone izimpawu eziyisixwayiso kusenesikhathi futhi benze ngaphambi kokuba isimo sibe sibi kakhulu. Odokotela bangakwazi ukwelapha ngempumelelo izinhlobo eziningi ze-encephalopathy lapho iziguli zifuna usizo ngokushesha futhi zilandela izinhlelo zazo zokwelashwa ezinqunyiwe.

Abantu abasengozini efana nesifo sesibindi, izinkinga zezinso, noma isifo sikashukela kufanele bahlale baqaphele noma yiziphi izinguquko esimweni sabo sengqondo noma ukuziphatha. Ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha, ukudla okunomsoco, nokukhetha indlela yokuphila enempilo kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni izinhlobo eziningi ze-encephalopathy.

Umbono weziguli ze-encephalopathy uyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo kanye nembangela yesimo sabo. Abaningi balulama ngokugcwele ngokwelashwa okufanele, kanti abanye bangase badinge ukunakekelwa nokusekelwa okuqhubekayo. Amalungu omkhaya nabanakekeli kufanele babheke izimpawu eziyisixwayiso futhi basize abathandekayo babo bathole usizo lwezokwelapha lapho kudingeka.

Khumbula, impilo yobuchopho idinga ukunakwa nokunakekelwa njalo. Noma ubani ohlangabezana nezinguquko ezingavamile engqondweni noma ukudideka kufanele athinte udokotela wakhe ngokushesha. Isenzo esisheshayo ngokuvamile siholela emiphumeleni engcono futhi sisiza ekuvimbeleni izinkinga ezinkulu.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Iyini imbangela ehamba phambili ye-encephalopathy?

I-Encephalopathy iqala ngenxa yezimo ezihlukahlukene ezingaphansi kunesizathu esisodwa. Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• Isifo esibi kakhulu sesibindi noma sezinso
• Amagciwane athinta umzimba noma ubuchopho
• Ukuchayeka ezintweni ezinobuthi
• Izinkinga ze-metabolic
• Ukuntuleka komoyampilo ebuchosheni
• Ukuhlukumezeka kwekhanda okuphindaphindiwe

2. Iyini i-encephalopathy yesigaba sokuphela?

I-encephalopathy yesigaba sokugcina imele uhlobo olubi kakhulu lokungasebenzi kahle kobuchopho, lapho iziguli ziba nokuwohloka okukhulu kwengqondo. Kulesi sigaba, abantu bangase balimale unomphela ebuchosheni, baquleke, noma badinge izinyathelo zokusekela ukuphila. Isimo siba sibi kakhulu ezimweni zokwehluleka kwesibindi, lapho amazinga okusinda ehla kakhulu ngaphandle kokungenelela kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

3. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-encephalitis kanye ne-encephalopathy?

Nakuba lezi zimo zingase zizwakale zifana, zinezici ezihlukile. I-Encephalitis ibhekisela ngokuqondile ekuvuvukeni kwezicubu zobuchopho, ngokuvamile okubangelwa izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane noma izimpendulo ze-autoimmune. I-Encephalopathy, nokho, ichaza uhla olubanzi lokungasebenzi kahle kobuchopho okungase kube umphumela wezinkinga ezahlukahlukene zempilo. Nakuba i-encephalitis ingaholela ku-encephalopathy, akuzona zonke izimo ze-encephalopathy ezihilela ukuvuvukala.

CARE Medical Team

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