I-glaucoma

I-glaucoma, isela elithule lokubona, liyiqembu le izifo zamehlo futhi iyimbangela ehamba phambili yobumpumputhe obungenakulungiseka emhlabeni wonke. Ukwenyuka kwengcindezi ye-intraocular kunomthelela ekulimaleni kwenzwa ye-optic, kube nomthelela ekuboneni kwe-peripheral ekuqaleni futhi kuqhubekele ekulahlekelweni kombono omaphakathi uma kushiywe kungalashwa. Lesi simo sivame ukuduma ngokuthi "isela elichwensayo lokubona" ​​ngoba sithuthuka kancane kancane ngaphandle kwesaziso noma izimpawu eziphawulekayo ekuqaleni kwaso. Kodwa-ke, ngokuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okufanele, ungakwazi ukulawula futhi ubambezele noma umise ukuqhubeka kwe-glaucoma, ulondoloze umbono wakho oyigugu. 

Iyini i-Glaucoma?

I-glaucoma iyinkimbinkimbi isimo samehlo ebonakala ngokukhuphuka kwengcindezi ngaphakathi kweso. Lokhu kucindezela ngaphakathi kweso kwaziwa ngokuthi yi-intraocular pressure (IOP). Lokhu kukhuphuka kwe-IOP kungalimaza i-optic nerve, inzwa eyinhloko enomthwalo wemfanelo wokudlulisa ukwaziswa okubonakalayo kusuka esweni kuya ebuchosheni. Uma ingelashwa, i-glaucoma ingabangela ukulahleka kombono okuqhubekayo nokungalungiseki, ekugcineni kubangele ubumpumputhe. Lokhu kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokutholwa nokwelashwa kusenesikhathi. 

Iso ngokuqhubekayo likhiqiza uketshezi olucacile olubizwa ngokuthi i-aqueous humour, olunondla futhi lugcine ukuma kwalo ngendlela efanele. Lolu ketshezi lugeleza ohlelweni lwe-trabecular meshwork drainage esweni elinempilo, okuvumela ukucindezela kwe-intraocular okulinganiselayo. Kodwa-ke, kubantu abane-glaucoma, lesi simiso sokudonsa amanzi siba sengozini, okuholela ekwakhekeni koketshezi kanye nomfutho okhulayo ngaphakathi kweso. 

Izimpawu ze-Glaucoma

Ezigabeni zokuqala ze-glaucoma, ngokuvamile azikho izimpawu ezicacile, okwenza kube inselele ukuyibona ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile. Njengoba isimo siqhubeka, izimpawu zingase zihlanganise: 

• Ukulahlekelwa kancane kancane kombono we-peripheral (uhlangothi). 
• Umbono womhubhe (inkambu yombono ewumngcingo) 
• Ububomvu beso noma ubuhlungu 
• Amasongo noma amasongo anombala wothingo ezizungeze izibani I-nausea noma ukuhlanza (ezimweni ze-acute angle-closure glaucoma) 

Ibangelwa Yini I-Glaucoma?

I-glaucoma ibangelwa ukungalingani phakathi kokuhlanganiswa kanye nokuphuma kwamanzi amahlaya, okuholela ekwenyukeni kwengcindezi ye-intraocular (IOP). Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le-IOP eyengeziwe ingalimaza i-optic nerve, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kombono. 

Kunezici eziningana ezingaba nomthelela ku-glaucoma, okuhlanganisa: 

• Ubudala: Amathuba okuba ne-glaucoma ayanda njengoba abantu bekhula. 
• Umlando womndeni: Abantu abanomlando womndeni we-glaucoma banomkhuba ophezulu wokuthuthukisa lesi simo. 
• Izimo zezokwelapha: Izifo ezithile zezokwelapha, njengesifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, nokulimala kwamehlo, kungandisa amathuba okuba ne-glaucoma. 
• Ubuzwe: Abantu bomdabu wase-Afrika, iSpanishi, noma i-Asia banethuba eliphezulu lokuthuthukisa izinhlobo ezithile ze-glaucoma. 
• Imithi ye-Corticosteroid: Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwe-corticosteroids, ngomlomo noma ngamaconsi esweni, kungandisa ingozi ye-glaucoma. 

izinhlobo

Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-glaucoma, ngayinye enezici ezihlukile nezimbangela eziyisisekelo. Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko yilezi: 

• I-Open-angle glaucoma: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-glaucoma, olubalelwa cishe ku-90% wamacala. Ku-glaucoma ye-engeli evulekile, i-drainage angle (trabecular meshwork) ihlala ivulekile, kodwa ukugeleza kwamanzi kuyaphazamiseka, okuholela ekwakhekeni kancane kancane kokucindezela ngaphakathi kweso. 
• I-Angle-closure glaucoma: Lolu hlobo lwe-glaucoma luqala lapho kuvimbekile ku-engeli yokudonsa amanzi phakathi kwe-iris ne-cornea, okuvimbela ukuphuma kwamahlaya ane-aqueous. Lokhu kuvinjelwa kungaholela ekwenyukeni okungazelelwe futhi okubi kakhulu komfutho we-intraocular, okuholela e-acute angle-closure glaucoma, okuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. 

Ezinye izinhlobo ezingavamile ze-glaucoma zihlanganisa: 

• I-Congenital glaucoma- ekhona ngesikhathi sokuzalwa 
• I-glaucoma yesibili - ivela kwezinye izimo zamehlo noma imithi 
• Ukulimala kwenzwa evamile ye-glaucoma-optic naphezu kwengcindezi evamile ye-intraocular 

I-Glaucoma Diagnosis

Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokuxilongwa kwe-glaucoma kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile zokulondoloza ukubona nokuvimbela ukulimala okwengeziwe kumthambo wamehlo. Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuphelele, okubandakanya ukuhlolwa okulandelayo, kusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga i-glaucoma: 

• Ukuhlolwa kwenkambu ebonakalayo: Lokhu kuhlola kuhlola ukubona kwendawo ngokukala ikhono lesiguli lokuthola ukukhanya ezindaweni ezihlukene zenkundla yaso yokubona. 
• I-Tonometry: Lokhu kuhlola kusebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile ukukala ingcindezi ye-intraocular (IOP) yeso. 
• Ukuhlolwa kwemizwa ye-Optic: An ophthalmologist noma optometrist izohlola i-optic nerve ukuze ibone izimpawu zokuncipha noma zokulimala, ezingabonisa i-glaucoma. 
• I-Gonioscopy: Le nqubo ihilela ukusebenzisa ilensi ekhethekile ukuhlola i-engeli yokukhipha amanzi yeso, kusize ukunquma uhlobo lwe-glaucoma olukhona. 
• Ukuhlolwa kwesithombe: Amasu okucabanga athuthukile anganikeza izithombe ezinemininingwane yongqimba lwe-retinal nerve fiber kanye ne-optic nerve. Lokhu kuhlola kufaka phakathi i-optical coherence tomography (OCT) kanye ne-laser ophthalmoscopy yokuskena, esiza ekuxilongeni nasekuqapheni i-glaucoma. 

Ukuhlonzwa kusenesikhathi nokuhlolwa kokulandelela kubalulekile ekulawuleni i-glaucoma nokuvimbela ukulahlekelwa ukubona. 

Ukwelashwa Kwe-glaucoma

Nakuba i-glaucoma ingelapheki, kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokwelapha ezitholakalayo ukuze kulawuleke lesi simo futhi kubambezele noma kuvinjwe ukulahleka kombono okwengeziwe. Inhloso eyinhloko yokwelashwa ukwehlisa ingcindezi ye-intraocular (IOP) ibe sezingeni eliphephile, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ithuba lokulimala kwenzwa ye-optic. 

Izinketho zokwelapha i-glaucoma ziyi: 

• Amaconsi esweni: Amaconsi esweni anikezwe udokotela awumugqa wokuqala wokwelapha i-glaucoma. Le mithi inciphisa ukucutshungulwa kwamahlaya ane-aqueous noma ikhuphule ukuphuma kwayo esweni, inciphise ngempumelelo ingcindezi ye-intraocular. 
• Imithi yomlomo: Kwezinye izimo, izazi zamehlo zingase zinikeze imithi yomlomo ukuze igcwalise amaconsi esweni noma njengenye indlela yokwelapha. 
• Ukwelashwa nge-laser: Izinqubo ze-laser, ezifana ne-selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) noma i-argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT), zingathuthukisa ukugeleza kwamanzi kanye ne-IOP ephansi. 
• Ukuhlinzwa Kwe-Glaucoma: Ezimeni lapho imithi nokwelashwa nge-laser kungasebenzi noma kungabekezeleleki kahle, ophthalmologists angase ancome ukuhlinzwa kwe-glaucoma. Lezi zinqubo, ezifana ne-trabeculectomy noma i-glaucoma drainage device, zakha enye indlela yokukhipha uketshezi esweni, ukunciphisa ukucindezela kwe-intraocular. 

Ngesikhathi sokubona udokotela

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo, kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ku-ophthalmologist noma uchwepheshe wokunakekelwa kwamehlo: 

• Ukulahlekelwa umbono okungazelelwe noma ukungaboni kahle 
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu beso noma ububomvu 
• Amasongo noma amasongo anombala wothingo ezizungeze izibani 
• Isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza (ezimeni ze-acute angle-losure glaucoma) 

Ukwengeza, odokotela batusa ukuba kube nokuhlolwa okugcwele kwamehlo njalo, ikakhulukazi uma unezici eziyingozi ze-glaucoma, njenge: 

• Ubudala (ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-60) 
• Umlando womndeni we-glaucoma 
• Izimo ezithile zezempilo (isb., isifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme) 
• Ukulimala kwamehlo kwangaphambilini noma ukuhlinzwa 
• Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ze-corticosteroid 

Izingozi Zezingozi

Nakuba i-glaucoma ingathinta noma ubani, izici ezithile zingandisa ingozi yomuntu yokuba nalesi simo. Ezinye zezinto eziyinhloko ezibeka engcupheni ye-glaucoma yizi: 

• Ubudala: Ingozi yokuba ne-glaucoma ikhula kakhulu ngokukhula, ikakhulukazi ngemva kweminyaka yobudala engama-60. 
• Umlando womndeni: Abantu abanomlando womndeni we-glaucoma banethuba eliphezulu lokuthuthukisa lesi simo, njengoba izici zofuzo zidlala indima. 
• Ubuhlanga: Amaqembu athile ezinhlanga, njengamaHispanics, ama-Afrika aseMelika, nama-Asia, anokwanda okuphezulu kwe-glaucoma uma kuqhathaniswa nabanye abantu. 
• Izimo zezempilo: Izimo ezithile zezokwelapha, njengesifo sikashukela, nomfutho wegazi ophezulu, kanye nezifo zenhliziyo, zingandisa ithuba lokuthuthukisa i-glaucoma. 
• Ukulimala kwamehlo noma ukuhlinzwa: Ukulimala kwamehlo kwangaphambilini noma ukuhlinzwa, ikakhulukazi lokho okuhilela isimiso sokudonsa amanzi samehlo, kungandisa amathuba okuba ne-glaucoma. 
• Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwe-corticosteroids: Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwemithi ye-corticosteroid, ngomlomo noma ngamaconsi esweni, kungaba nomthelela ekwakhekeni kwe-glaucoma. 
• Ama-corneas amancane: Abantu abanama-cornea amancane (ingxenye engaphambili ecacile yeso) bangase babe sengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa i-glaucoma. 
• I-myopia ephezulu (ukubona eduze): Abantu abane-myopia enzima (ukubona eduze) banengozi eyengeziwe yokuba ne-glaucoma. 

Prevention

Okulandelayo ezinye izinyathelo abantu abangazithatha ukuze banciphise ubungozi babo futhi bagcine umbono onempilo: 

• Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile: Ukuhlela ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwamehlo okuvamile nodokotela wamehlo noma udokotela wamehlo kubalulekile ekutholakaleni kusenesikhathi nokuqapha i-glaucoma. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kungavimbela noma kubambezele ukuqhubeka kokulahleka kombono. 
• Lawula izimo zezokwelapha ezicashile: Ukulawula izimo zesistimu ezicashile, njengomfutho wegazi ophakeme nesifo sikashukela, kunganciphisa ingozi yokuba ne-glaucoma. 
• Ukuzivocavoca kanye nendlela yokuphila enempilo: Ukuzivocavoca okuvamile kanye nokudla okunempilo, okunomsoco okucebile ngama-antioxidants, amavithamini, nezakhi ezibalulekile kungasekela impilo yonke yamehlo futhi kunciphisa ingozi ye-glaucoma. 
• Gqoka ama-eyewear avikelayo: Ukuvikela amehlo akho ekulimaleni okungaba khona ngokugqoka ama-eyewear afanelekile phakathi nemidlalo, umsebenzi, noma eminye imisebenzi. ingasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuhlukumezeka kwamehlo, okuyisici esiyingozi se-glaucoma. 
• Gwema ukuphuza ngokweqile nokubhema: Le mikhuba iye yahlotshaniswa nokwanda kwamathuba okuba ne-glaucoma nezinye izifo zamehlo. 
• Lawula ukucindezela kwamehlo: Uma ukhuphule i-IOP, ukulandela izincomo zochwepheshe bakho bokunakekelwa kwamehlo zokulawula ukucindezela kwamehlo ngemithi, ukushintsha indlela yokuphila, noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha kungasiza ekuvimbeleni noma kubambezele ukukhula kwe-glaucoma. 

Isiphetho

I-glaucoma yisifo seso esiqhubekayo esibonakala ngokulimala kwenzwa ye-optic, ngokuvamile okubangelwa ukwanda komfutho we-intraocular. Uma ingelashwa, ingaholela ekulahlekelweni kokubona okungenakulungiseka kanye nobumpumputhe. Ngakho-ke, ukutholwa kusenesikhathi nokuphathwa ngendlela efanele kubalulekile ukuze kulondolozwe ukubona. Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile, ikakhulukazi kubantu abasengozini, kubalulekile ukuze kutholwe i-glaucoma isesigabeni sayo sokuqala. Izindlela zokwelashwa ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa amaconsi esweni, i-laser, nokungenelela kokuhlinzwa, kungaphatha ngempumelelo isimo futhi kubambezele ukuqhubeka kwaso. 

FAQ sika

1. Ivame kangakanani i-glaucoma?

I-glaucoma yisifo samehlo esidlangile esithinta izigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele. I-World Health Organization (WHO) ihlonza i-glaucoma njengesizathu sesibili esihamba phambili sokungaboni emhlabeni jikelele. Balinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-80 abantu emhlabeni wonke abaphila nalesi sifo, kanti cishe abayizigidi eziyi-11 babhekene nobumpumputhe obuphakathi kwamazwe amabili. 
umphumela. 

2. Ingabe i-glaucoma ingelapheka?

Ngeshwa, i-glaucoma ayikwazi ukwelapheka; Ukwelashwa kuyiphatha ngempumelelo. Ukufuna ukungenelela kwezokwelapha okufika ngesikhathi kuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa okunembile kanye nokuqalwa kokuphatha okufanele, kusize ukulawula isimo nokugcina umbono. 

3. Yiziphi izimpawu zokuqala zokukhula kwe-glaucoma?

Ezigabeni zokuqala ze-glaucoma, ngokuvamile azikho izimpawu eziphawulekayo, okwenza kube inselele ukuyibona ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile. Kodwa-ke, njengoba lesi simo siqhubeka, ezinye zezimpawu zokuqala ezingase zibe ne-glaucoma zihlanganisa: 

• Ukulahlekelwa kancane kancane kombono we-peripheral (uhlangothi). 
• Inkambu yombono ewumngcingo (Tunnel vision) 
• Ububomvu beso noma ubuhlungu 
• Amasongo noma amasongo anombala wothingo ezizungeze izibani

CARE Medical Team

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