Ukukhula Ukubambezeleka Ezinganeni

Wake wazibuza ukuthi kungani ezinye izingane zikhula kancane kuneminyaka yazo nobulili? Ukubambezeleka kokukhula kwezingane kungaba umthombo wokukhathazeka kubazali nakubanakekeli. Ingabonakala njengesiqu esithambile nesifushane, ukuthomba okubambezelekile, noma izici zomzimba ezingathuthukisiwe. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi nokuhlolwa kubalulekile, njengoba ukubambezeleka kokukhula kungaba nomthelela ekukhuleni ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Ukuqonda izimpawu nezimbangela zokubambezeleka kokukhula nokuthuthuka kubalulekile ekungeneleleni kusenesikhathi nokuphatha ngendlela efanele. Lesi sihloko sihlose ukucacisa ngalesi sihloko esibalulekile, sinikeze imininingwane ebalulekile emindenini nakodokotela ngokufanayo. Sizohlola izimpawu ezihlukahlukene kanye nokubambezeleka okungaba khona kokukhula okubangela lesi simo.

Izimpawu Zokukhula Ezibambezelekile

Ukubambezeleka kokukhula kwezingane kungabonakala ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Ingane ingase ibhekwe njengenenkinga yokukhula uma ingaphansi kuka-95% wezingane ezilingana nayo. 

Izimpawu zokubambezeleka kokukhula zingahluka kuye ngembangela ewumsuka. Nazi ezinye izimpawu ezijwayelekile okufanele uzibheke:

• Ukubukeka Okungokomzimba: Izingane ezinezinhlobo ezithile zobumnyama zingase zibe nezingalo noma imilenze engaphandle kwesilinganiso esivamile somzimba wazo (ingxenye eyinhloko yomzimba equkethe isifuba, isisu, i-pelvis, nomhlane).
• Ukungalingani kweHormonal: Amazinga aphansi e-thyroxine angaholela ekulahlekelweni kwamandla, ukuqunjelwa, isikhumba esomile, izinwele ezomile, nobunzima bokufudumala. Izingane ezinamazinga aphansi e-hormone yokukhula (GH) zingase zibe nezici zobuso ezizenza zibukeke zisezincane ngokungavamile.
• Ukubambezeleka Kokuthuthukiswa: Izingane zingase zibonise ukubambezeleka ekufinyeleleni izinyathelo ezibalulekile njengokugingqika, ukuhlala, ukukhasa, nokuhamba. Bangase futhi babhekane namakhono amahle emoto.
• Ukubambezeleka Kokuthomba: Ukuthomba kuqala ngemva kwesikhathi esivamile, kunezimpawu ezifana nokuntuleka kokukhula kwebele emantombazaneni noma ukungabi khona kokukhula kwamasende kubafana. 
• Izinselele Zengqondo Nezenhlalakahle: Ezinye izingane zingase zibe nenkinga yokuqonda okushiwo abanye, zibe nezinkinga zokufunda nokubhala, noma zibhekane nezinkinga zamakhono okuxhumana nabantu.
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma nolimi: Ukukhuluma sekwephuzile noma izinkinga zokuthuthukiswa kwenkulumo zingabonwa.
• Ukukhula Kwesisindo Kancane: Ingane ingase ingakwazi ukukhuluphala noma ukuncipha, ngisho nokudla okufanele.
• Inkumbulo Nokufunda: Ezinye izingane zingase zibe nzima ukukhumbula izinto noma zixhumanise izenzo nemiphumela.
• Izinkinga Zamathumbu: Uma ukukhula ukubambezeleka kubangelwa yisisu noma isifo samathumbu, izingane zingase zibe negazi esinqeni, uhudo, ukuqunjelwa, oluhlanzayo, noma isicanucanu.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lezi zimpawu zingahluka kuye enganeni futhi zingase zingabonisi njalo ukubambezeleka kokukhula. Abazali noma abanakekeli kufanele babonane nodokotela ukuze bathole ukuhlolwa okufanele nokuxilongwa uma bebona lezi zimpawu.

Izimbangela Zokukhula Ukubambezeleka

Ukubambezeleka kokukhula kwezingane kungabangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene. Okulandelayo ezinye zezimbangela ezivamile zokubambezeleka kokukhula:

• I-Genetics: Umlando womndeni wesiqu esifushane ngokuvamile uholela emazingeni okukhula kancane ezinganeni.
• Ukubambezeleka Kokukhula Komthethosisekelo: Izingane ezinalesi simo zikhula ngezinga elivamile kodwa zibe 'neminyaka yamathambo' ebambezelekile. Ngokuvamile bafinyelela ukuthomba kamuva kunontanga yabo, okuholela ekuphakameni okungaphansi kwesilinganiso phakathi neminyaka yokuqala yobusha. Nokho, ngokuvamile bahlangana nontanga yabo lapho sebekhulile.
• Ukungalingani Kwe-Hormonal: Ukuntuleka kwe-hormone yokukhula kuvimbela izingane ekulondolozeni izinga lokukhula elinempilo. Ngokufanayo, i-hypothyroidism, indlala yegilo engasebenzi kahle, ingakhinyabeza ukukhula okuvamile njengoba indlala yegilo inesibopho sokukhulula amahomoni akhuthaza ukukhula.
• Izimo Ezithile Zezakhi Zofuzo: Ezinye izinkinga zofuzo, njenge-Turner syndrome, I-Down syndrome, kanye ne-skeletal dysplasia, ingaba nomthelela ekukhuleni.
• Izimo Zezokwelapha: Izifo zesistimu ezithinta umgudu wokugaya ukudla, izinso, inhliziyo, noma amaphaphu zingaholela ezinkingeni zokukhula. Ukungondleki, okuyimbangela evame kakhulu yokwehluleka ukukhula emhlabeni wonke, kuvimbela izingane ekufinyeleleni ikhono lazo lobude obugcwele.  
• Ezinye Izimbangela: Izimbangela ezingajwayelekile zifaka ukucindezeleka okukhulu, izinhlobo ezithile ze i-anemia (sickle cell anemia), kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile umama ozalayo ngesikhathi ekhulelwe. 

Ngezinye izikhathi, imbangela yokubambezeleka kokukhula ihlala ingaziwa, ebizwa ngokuthi i-idiopathic.

Ukuxilongwa Kokukhula Okubambezelekile

Odokotela basebenzisa amashadi okuhlola okuthuthukisa nokukhula ukuze banqume ukuthi izingane zithola amakhono ayisisekelo ngezikhathi ezifanele noma zingase zibe nezinkinga. Le nqubo ihilela ukubheka indlela ingane efunda ngayo, ekhuluma ngayo, eziphatha ngayo, futhi inyakaza kanjani phakathi nokuhlolwa. Umhlinzeki angabuza imibuzo noma asebenzise uhlu lwemibuzo ukuze aqoqe ulwazi.

Ukuhlolwa kokuthuthuka kuyithuluzi lokunquma ukuthi ingane isendleleni noma idinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe noma ukwelashwa. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ayikho ilebhu ethile noma ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze kuhlonzwe ukubambezeleka kokuthuthuka. Kodwa-ke, odokotela bangase batuse ukuhlolwa kwamanye ama-syndromes nokuphazamiseka okubangela ukubambezeleka kokukhula.

Abazali bangase bathole iseluleko mayelana nemisebenzi efanelekile yokuvuselela izingane ezethula ngokulibaziseka okuncane futhi kungabikho amafulegi abomvu noma okungavamile ekuhlolweni komtholampilo. Ukubuyekeza ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngemva kwezinyanga ezintathu, ikakhulukazi uma ama-milestone angaphambili afinyelelwa ngokujwayelekile.

Ezimeni zokulibaziseka okukhulu kwentuthuko, umlando wokuhlehla, noma izingane ezisengozini yokubambezeleka, ukudluliselwa ngokushesha kudokotela wezingane othuthukayo kuyadingeka. Laba ngcweti benza ukuhlola okuthuthukile okubanzi kanye nophenyo lokuhlanganisa olususelwe ekuhlolweni komtholampilo.

Okunye ukuhlola kungafaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kofuzo
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Creatine phosphokinase
• Ukuhlolwa kwamaphutha okuzalwa e-metabolism
• Isikrini se-TORCH (i-toxoplasmosis, i-rubella, i-cytomegalovirus, i-herpes simplex, ne-HIV)
• Neuroimaging
• Electroencephalography

Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kubalulekile, njengoba kuvumela izingane ukuthi zithole usizo ngesikhathi, okwenza kube lula ukuthi zifunde futhi kuvimbele ukubambezeleka kwentuthuko ekubeni kubi kakhulu. Lapho izingane zithola usizo ngokushesha, imiphumela yazo yesikhathi eside iyoba ngcono.

Ukwelashwa Ukubambezeleka Ukukhula

Ukuze kube nokulibaziseka okuthuthukisiwe ngaphandle kwamafulegi abomvu, odokotela bangase bacebise ngemisebenzi efanele yokuvuselela futhi babuyekeze inqubekelaphambili ngemva kwezinyanga ezintathu. Ukudluliselwa ngokushesha kudokotela wezingane othuthukayo kuyadingeka ezimeni zokubambezeleka okukhulu noma ukuhlehla.

Odokotela banquma inkambo yokwelapha engcono kakhulu yokulibaziseka kokukhula ngokusekelwe kumbangela ewumsuka, njenge:

• I-Hormone Replacement Therapy: I-HRT idlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni lezi zimo. Lokhu kwelashwa ngokuvamile kubandakanya imijovo yansuku zonke noma yamasonto onke, engaholela ekuthuthukisweni okukhulu kokukhula. Isibonelo, izingane ezinokuntuleka kwe-GH zivame ukubona ukwanda okungama-intshi angu-4 ngonyaka wokuqala wokwelashwa.
• I-Growth Hormone (GH) Imijovo: Imijovo ye-GH iwumugqa wokuqala wokwelapha wokuntuleka kwe-GH. Ngokuvamile abazali bangakwazi ukunikeza le mijovo ekhaya kanye ngosuku. Ukwelashwa kungase kuqhubeke iminyaka eminingana njengoba ingane ikhula. Odokotela baqapha ukusebenza kokwelashwa kwe-GH futhi balungise umthamo njengoba kudingeka.
• Izidakamizwa Zendlala Yegilo: Ezinganeni ezine-hypothyroidism, odokotela bangase banikeze izidakamizwa ezithatha indawo ye-thyroid. Ukuqapha njalo amazinga e-hormone yegilo kubalulekile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Ezinye izingane ngokwemvelo zikhula ngaphandle kwalesi sifo phakathi neminyaka embalwa, kuyilapho ezinye zingase zidinge ukwelashwa ukuphila kwakho konke.
• Ezimeni ze-Turner syndrome (TS), imijovo ye-GH ingasiza izingane ukuba zisebenzise i-hormone ngokuphumelelayo. Odokotela bavame ukutusa ukuqala le mijovo yansuku zonke phakathi kweminyaka emine neyisithupha ukuze kwandiswe amathuba okufinyelela ubude obuvamile obuvamile.

Ukwesekwa okuqhubekayo kwesikhathi eside kwemindeni yezingane ezinezidingo ezikhethekile kubalulekile, njengoba abanakekeli bangase babe namazinga aphezulu okucindezeleka.

Isiphetho

Ukubambezeleka kokukhula kwezingane kungaba nomthelela omkhulu enhlalakahleni yazo ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo. Ukuhlonzwa kusenesikhathi nokuphathwa ngendlela efanele kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe imiphumela engcono kakhulu. Ngokuqonda izimpawu, izimbangela, nezinqubo zokuxilonga, abazali nodokotela bangasebenzisana ukuze babhekane nezinkinga zokukhula ngokushesha nangempumelelo.

Izindlela zokwelapha ziyahlukahluka kuye ngembangela ewumsuka, kodwa ngokuvamile zihilela ukwelashwa kokubuyisela ama-hormone noma ukungenelela okuhlosiwe. Ngendlela efanele, izingane eziningi ezinokubambezeleka kokukhula zingafinyelela kontanga yazo futhi zifinyelele amandla azo aphelele. Ukwesekwa okuqhubekayo nokuqapha njalo kubalulekile ukuze kusizwe lezi zingane zichume futhi zinqobe izinselele ezihambisana nokubambezeleka kokukhula.

UDkt Shalini

CARE Medical Team

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