I-Hyperglycemia (Ushukela Wegazi Ophakeme)

I-Hyperglycemia, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi ushukela ophezulu, yisimo sezempilo esenzeka lapho umzimba unoshukela omningi ojikeleza egazini. Kungaba umphumela wezinto ezihlukahlukene ezinomthelela, okuhlanganisa imikhuba yokudla engeyinhle, ukukhetha indlela yokuphila, izimo zempilo ezicashile, kanye nemithi. Ukuqonda i-hyperglycemia kubalulekile ekulawuleni ngempumelelo nasekuvimbeleni izinkinga. 

Kuyini Ushukela Wegazi Ophakeme (Hyperglycemia)?

Ushukela ophezulu wegazi, noma i-hyperglycemia, isho izinga le-glucose eleqile egazini. Iglucose, umthombo wamandla oyisisekelo wamangqamuzana omzimba, itholakala ekudleni okusetshenzisiwe. Kodwa-ke, amazinga kashukela egazini ayakhuphuka lapho umzimba ungakwazi ukusebenzisa noma ukulawula i-glucose ngempumelelo. Lesi simo ngokuvamile sihlotshaniswa ne sikashukela, kodwa ezinye izici ezihlukahlukene, njenge ukucindezeleka, ukugula, noma imithi ethile. 

Izimpawu Zoshukela Wegazi Ophakeme

Ukuqaphela izimpawu nezimpawu ze-hyperglycemia kubalulekile ekungeneleleni kokuqala kwe-prophylactic nokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zikashukela wegazi zihlanganisa: 

• njalo ukuchama
• Ukoma okwandayo, ngisho nangemva kokuphuza uketshezi
• Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esingachaziwe
• Umlomo omile noma ukungakhululeki emlonyeni nasemphinjeni
• Ukukhathala, ngisho nangemva kokuphumula ngokwanele
• Ukuphola kancane kwezilonda 
• Kwenzeka njalo izifo
• Ubunzima bokugxila noma ukugxila emisebenzini yasekhaya
• Ukubona okufiphele noma okukhubazekile 
• Abanye abantu abanamazinga kashukela aphezulu bangase babe nephunga elimnandi noma elinephunga elimnandi (i-acetone breath).

Lezi zimpawu zikashukela ophezulu zingahluka ngobukhulu futhi zincike kumuntu kanye nobukhulu be-Hyperglycemia.

Izimbangela Zoshukela Wegazi Ophakeme

Kunezici ezahlukahlukene ezibangela ukugcwala kweglucose ephezulu egazini, kufaka phakathi:

• Kubi insulin ukukhiqizwa: Kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1, amanyikwe ahluleka ukukhiqiza i-insulin eyanele, okuholela emazingeni aphezulu kashukela egazini.
• Ukumelana ne-insulin: Ohlotsheni lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, umzimba uyenqaba emiphumeleni ye-insulin, okuholela ekuthathweni kweglucose eyanele ngamaseli.
• Imithi: Imithi ethile, njenge-corticosteroids nama-antipsychotics, ingakhuphula amazinga kashukela egazini njengomphumela omubi.
• Ukucindezeleka: Ngezikhathi zokucindezeleka ngokomzimba noma ngokomzwelo, umzimba ukhulula amahomoni okucindezeleka angakhuphula izinga likashukela egazini.
• Indlela yokuphila engenampilo: Ukuziphatha kokuhlala, a Ukudla ama-carbohydrate acwengekile kanye noshukela, futhi ngokweqile utshwala Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kungadala i-hyperglycemia.

Ushukela Wegazi Ophakeme Uwuthinta Kanjani Umzimba?

Umuntu angathola imiphumela engemihle yoshukela wegazi ophakeme ezithweni ezihlukahlukene nezinhlelo ngaphakathi komzimba. Ezinye zezinkinga ezingaba khona ze-hyperglycemia engalawuleki zihlanganisa:

• Izinkinga zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Ushukela ophezulu wegazi ungalimaza imithambo yegazi, kwandise amathuba okuba nesifo senhliziyo, unhlangothi, kanye nesifo se-peripheral artery.
• Ukulimala kwezinzwa: Amazinga kashukela aphezulu ngokuqhubekayo angabangela i-neuropathy, okuholela ebuhlungu, ukuba ndikindiki, nokuluma emaphethelweni.
• Izinso umonakalo: I-hyperglycemia ingaphazamisa ukusebenza kwezinso ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okungase kuholele esifweni sezinso noma ukwehluleka.
• Izinkinga zamehlo: Izinga likashukela egazini elingalawuleki lingalimaza imithambo yegazi yamehlo, okubangele isifo sikashukela, i-cataract, noma i-glaucoma.
• Amasosha omzimba asengozini: Ushukela ophezulu wegazi wenza buthaka isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni, okwenza abantu bangenwe kalula izifo futhi kuphuze ukuphola kwamanxeba.
• Izinkinga ezihlobene nokukhulelwa: Izinga eliphakeme likashukela egazini ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa (isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa) singandisa amathuba okuba nezinkinga kubo bobabili umama nomntwana, okuhlanganisa ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, i-preeclampsia, nesisindo sokuzalwa esiphezulu (i-macrosomia).

Sifo

Ukuxilongwa kwe-hyperglycemia kuhilela ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukukala amazinga kashukela egazini, ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela ushukela ngomlomo, noma ukuhlolwa kwe-glycated hemoglobin (A1C). Lezi zindlela zokuxilonga zisiza ukunquma ubulukhuni be-hyperglycemia futhi ziqondise amasu okwelapha afanelekile.

Ukwelashwa

Uma ubhekene noshukela ophezulu wegazi, amasu amaningana okwelapha angasiza ukuwehlisa: 

• Imithi: Kuye ngembangela ye-hyperglycemia kanye nobukhulu bayo, odokotela bangase banikeze imithi, njenge-insulin noma imishanguzo ephuzwayo ye-antidiabetic, ukuze ilawule izinga likashukela egazini.
• Ukushintsha indlela yokuphila: Ukwamukela indlela yokuphila enempilo kungasiza ekunciphiseni amazinga kashukela egazini. Kuhlanganisa ukuvivinya umzimba okuvamile, ukudla okulinganiselayo okuphansi kwama-carbohydrate acolisisiwe kanye noshukela, ukulawula isisindo, nezindlela zokunciphisa ukucindezeleka.
• Ukuqapha ushukela osegazini: Ukulandelela njalo amazinga kashukela egazini kwenza abantu bakwazi ukuqapha ukuqhubeka kwabo futhi benze izinguquko ezidingekayo ohlelweni lwabo lokwelapha.
• Ukulawula Ingxenye: Ukuqapha osayizi bezingxenye nokusabalalisa ukudla kwama-carbohydrate usuku lonke kunganciphisa amazinga kashukela egazini.
• Ukulawulwa kwezifo eziwumsuka: Kubalulekile ukubhekana nezimo zezokwelapha ezicashile kanye nezici ezinjengokutheleleka, imithi, noma ukungalingani kwamahomoni ukuze ulawule i-hyperglycemia ngempumelelo.

Ukuvimbela Ushukela Wegazi Ophakeme

Ukuvimbela kubalulekile ekulawuleni i-hyperglycemia. Amanye amasu okuvimbela ushukela ophezulu wegazi ahlanganisa:

• Ukunamathela emithini yokwelapha: Ukuthatha imishanguzo oyinikeziwe njengoba uqondiswa udokotela wakho kubalulekile ekugcineni ushukela egazini ungaphakathi kwebanga elinempilo.
• Ukudla ukudla okunomsoco: Ukudla ukudla okunomsoco okuhlanganisa okusanhlamvu, amaprotheni angenalutho, izithelo, imifino, namafutha anempilo kungalawula amazinga kashukela egazini.
• Ukuzivocavoca okuvamile: Ukuzivivinya umzimba njalo kuthuthukisa ukuzwela kwe-insulin futhi kusiza ukugcina amazinga kashukela egazini.
• Ukuphatha ingcindezi: Ukusebenzisa amasu okunciphisa ukucindezeleka, njengokuzindla ngokucabangela noma i-yoga, kungasiza ukuvimbela ukukhuphuka kwamazinga kashukela egazini.
• I-Hydration: Ukuphuza amanzi amaningi kungakhipha i-glucose eyeqile ngomchamo.
• Ukulungiswa kwemithi: Xhumana nochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuze uthole ukuthi ingabe kukhona yini ukulungiswa kwemithamo yemithi kudingekile.

Nini Ukubonisana Nodokotela

Kubalulekile ukufuna isiqondiso sezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana namazinga kashukela egazi aphikelelayo noma uma izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi. Udokotela angakwazi ukuxilonga i-hyperglycemia ngendlela efanele, anikeze izeluleko eziqondene nawe ngokuyilawula, futhi alungise izinhlelo zokwelashwa uma kudingeka.

Isiphetho

I-Hyperglycemia, noma ushukela ophezulu wegazi, yisimo esibucayi esidinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela ukuvimbela izinkinga. Ngokuqonda izimbangela, izimpawu, namasu okwelapha asebenzayo, abantu bangakwazi ukulawula amazinga kashukela egazini futhi baphile impilo enempilo. Khumbula, ukuvimbela, ukubambelela ezinhlelweni zokwelashwa, nokuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha kubalulekile ekulawuleni i-hyperglycemia ngempumelelo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Kwenzekani uma ushukela uphezulu kakhulu?

Uma ushukela wegazi uphezulu kakhulu, ungaba nezinkinga ezahlukahlukene, njengezinkinga zenhliziyo, ukulimala kwezinzwa, ukulimala kwezinso, izinkinga zamehlo, kanye nesimiso sokuzivikela ezifweni esisengozini.

2. Yini ebhekwa njengoshukela ophezulu?

Izinga likashukela egazini elizila ukudla elingaphezu kuka-126 mg/dL noma amazinga kashukela egazini angaphezu kuka-200 mg/dL athathwa njengoshukela ophezulu wegazi. Nokho, lawa manani angahluka kuye ngezimo ngazinye.

3. Ngingawehlisa kanjani ngokushesha ushukela wami wegazi? 

Ukuze wehlise ngokushesha amazinga kashukela egazini, ungazama ukuphuza amanzi, ukuzibandakanya nokuzivocavoca umzimba, ukuphatha osayizi bezingxenye, nokubonisana nodokotela ofanelekile ukuze uthole ukulungiswa kwemithi engase ibe khona.

4. Ingabe ushukela wegazi ongu-200 ujwayelekile ngemva kokudla?

Amazinga kashukela egazini angaphezu kuka-200 mg/dL ngemva kokudla angase abonise ukugcwala kukashukela egazini. Kodwa-ke, ukubonisana nodokotela ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okunembile kanye namasu okuphatha afanelekile kubalulekile.

5. Liyini izinga likashukela elijwayelekile ngokweminyaka?

Amazinga ajwayelekile kashukela egazini angahluka futhi ancike eminyakeni yobudala. Ngokuvamile, amazinga kashukela egazini lokuzila ukudla phakathi kuka-70-100 mg/dL abhekwa njengejwayelekile kubantu abadala.

6. Kufanele libe yini izinga likashukela egazini lami? 

Amazinga kashukela egazini okuhlosiwe angase ahluke futhi ancike ezimweni ngazinye, njengeminyaka yobudala, impilo yonke, kanye nokuba khona kwanoma yiziphi izimo ezikhona. Kungcono ukubonana nodokotela ukuze uthole uhla oluqondile oluqondiwe.

CARE Medical Team

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