Ukulahlekelwa Iphunga

Ukungakwazi ukuzwa iphunga, okwaziwa ngokuthi i-anosmia, kungaba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yomuntu. Ukuzwa kwephunga kudlala indima ebalulekile kulokho esikwenzayo kwansuku zonke, kusukela ekuthokozeleni iphunga elimnandi lokudla okuphekwe ekhaya kuya ekutholeni izingozi ezingaba khona njengokuvuza kwegesi noma ukudla okonakele. I-Anosmia ingaba ukulahlekelwa iphunga okuyingxenye noma okuphelele. Kungaba inkinga yesikhashana noma ehlala njalo. Ukubhekana ne ukulahlekelwa iphunga kungaba yinselele, kodwa ukuzivumelanisa nokugcina impilo eyanelisayo ngamasu alungile nokwesekwa kungenzeka.

Izimbangela Zokulahlekelwa Iphunga

Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kwephunga kungase kwenzeke ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise:

• Izifo Eziphezulu Zokuphefumula: Ukutheleleka ngegciwane noma amagciwane emigudwini yamakhala kanye nezono, njenge-cumkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, i-sinusitis, noma i-COVID-19, ingabangela ukulahlekelwa isikhashana nomuzwa wokuhogela 
• Ukuvinjwa Kwekhala: Izimo ezahlukahlukene, njengama-polyps, i-septum ephambukile, ama-cysts, noma izimila, zingavimba ukudlula emakhaleni futhi kungaba ukulahlekelwa iphunga 
• Ukulimala Ekhanda: Lokhu kulimala kungalimaza inzwa yokuhogela noma izingxenye zobuchopho ezibhekene nokucubungula iphunga.
• Ukuguga: Njengoba sikhula, ikhono lokubona iphunga lingase lehle kancane kancane ngenxa yezinguquko zemvelo ohlelweni lokuhogela.
• Ukuchayeka Kubuthi noma Amakhemikhali: Amakhemikhali athile, njengezibulali-zinambuzane, izinyibilikisi, noma izinsimbi ezisindayo, angalimaza ama-olfactory receptors noma izinzwa.
• Ukuvinjwa Kwekhala: Ama-polyps, izimila, noma ukungahambi kahle kwesakhiwo endaweni yamakhala kungavimba ukugeleza kwama-molecule ephunga kuma-olfactory receptors.
• I-Neurological Disorders: Izimo ezifana Isifo sikaParkinson, izimila ebuchosheni, i-Alzheimer's, kanye ne-multiple sclerosis kungathinta isimiso sokuhogela futhi kuholele ekulahlekelweni kwephunga.
• Imithi: Imithi ethile, njengama-antibiotics nama-antihistamine, ingabangela ukulahlekelwa iphunga okwesikhashana.
• Izimo Zokwelapha Eziyisisekelo: Ngezinye izikhathi, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kwephunga kungase kwenzeke ngenxa yezimo zezokwelapha ezifana isifo sikashukela noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme. 

Izimpawu Zokulahlekelwa Iphunga

Uphawu oluyinhloko lokulahlekelwa iphunga (i-anosmia) ukungakwazi ukubona nokuhlukanisa iphunga noma ukuncipha okukhulu kwekhono lokuhogela. Nokho, abantu bangase bahlangabezane nalokhu okulandelayo:

• Ukuncipha kokuthokozela ukudla neziphuzo ngenxa yokungakwazi ukubona ukunambitheka
• Ubunzima bokubona ukudla okonakele noma okubolile
• Ukuhluleka ukubona intuthu, ukuvuza kwegesi, noma ezinye izingozi ezingaba khona
• Ukushintsha kwenhlanzeko yomuntu siqu noma imikhuba yokuzilungisa ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuzwa iphunga lomzimba

Ukuxilongwa Kokulahlekelwa Iphunga

Uma usola ukuthi ulahlekelwe umuzwa wakho wokuhogela, kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela, njenge-otolaryngologist (uchwepheshe wezindlebe, ikhala, nomphimbo) noma udokotela wezinzwa. Ukuxilongwa ngokuvamile kuhilela:

• Umlando Wezokwelapha: Udokotela wakho uzothatha umlando wezokwelapha onemininingwane futhi akubuze ngezimpawu zakho, noma yiziphi izifo zakamuva noma ukulimala, kanye nokuchayeka okungaba khona kubuthi noma amakhemikhali.
• Ukuhlola Umzimba: Udokotela uzohlola iziqeshana ezingaphakathi kwekhala lakho futhi angase asebenzise i-endoscope yamakhala ukuze ahlole ukuthi akukho yini okuvimbekile noma ukungahambi kahle kwesakhiwo.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwephunga: Ukuhlola okuhlukahlukene, okufana ne-University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), kungasiza ukuhlola ikhono lakho lokuthola nokukhomba iphunga elihlukile.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwezithombe: Udokotela wakho angase atuse ukuhlolwa kwe-radiological (CT scan noma i-MRI) ukuhlola ikhala lekhala, isibani sokuhogela, kanye nezifunda zobuchopho ezihilelekile ekuboneni iphunga.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwezinzwa: Odokotela bangenza izivivinyo zemizwa uma a imbangela ye-neurological kusolwa, njengokulimala ekhanda noma isifo se-neurodegenerative.

Ukwelashwa Kokulahlekelwa Iphunga

Ukwelashwa kwe-anosmia kuncike kumbangela ewumsuka. Ezinye izinketho zokwelashwa ezingaba khona zihlanganisa:

• Imithi: Odokotela bangase banikeze imishanguzo elwa namagciwane ebangelwa amagciwane, imithi elwa namagciwane ebangelwa amagciwane, noma imithi elwa namagciwane okungezwani nayo. Imithi efana nama-corticosteroids noma ama-decongestants ingasiza ekwehliseni ukuvuvukala futhi ithuthukise ukugeleza komoya kuma-receptors aphunga kuma-polyps amakhala noma izimo ze-sinusitis ezingapheli. 
• Ama-Nasal Rinses: I-saline nasal rinses noma izifutho zekhala zingasiza ukusula amafinyila kanye nemfucumfucu emigudwini yamakhala, okungase kube ngcono ukubona iphunga.
• Ukuqeqeshwa Ngephunga: Kuhilela ukuchayeka njalo umuntu emahokweni athile, njengamafutha abalulekile, angase ashukumise isimiso sokuhogela futhi athuthukise ukusebenza kwephunga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
• Ukuhlinzwa: Ezimeni zokuvaleka kwamakhala noma ukungahambi kahle kwesakhiwo, odokotela bangase batuse ukuhlinzwa ukuze kukhishwe ama-polyps, ukulungisa i-septum ephambukile, noma kubhekwane nezinye izithiyo ezibonakalayo zokuzwa iphunga.
• Amaqembu Okululeka kanye Nokusekela: Ukubhekana nokulahlekelwa iphunga kungase kube inselele ngokomzwelo. Amaqembu ezeluleko noma asekelayo anganikeza izinsiza ezibalulekile namasu okuzivumelanisa nalesi simo.

Izinkinga

Nakuba ukulahlekelwa iphunga kungase kubonakale njengokuphazamiseka okuncane, kungase kubangele izinkinga eziningana, kuhlanganise:

• Ukubona Ukunambitha Okukhubazekile: Izinzwa zokuhogela nokunambitha zihlobene eduze, futhi i-anosmia inganciphisa kakhulu ukujabulela ukudla neziphuzo.
• Ukuntuleka Kokudla Okunempilo: Abantu abane-anosmia bangase balahlekelwe isithakazelo ekudleni, okuholela emikhubeni yokudla engemihle kanye nokuntuleka komsoco okungenzeka.
• Ukukhathazeka Ngokuphepha: Ukungakwazi ukuzwa iphunga elihlukahlukene, njengokuvuza kwegesi, intuthu, noma ukudla okonakele, kungandisa izehlakalo zezingozi kanye nokuchayeka ezintweni eziyingozi.
• Izinselele Zomphakathi Nezomzwelo: Ukulahlekelwa iphunga kungaba nomthelela ebudlelwaneni bomuntu siqu, ukuxhumana komphakathi kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila iyonke.

Uma Ubiza Udokotela

Uma ulahlekelwa iphunga kungazelelwe noma okuqhubekayo, kubalulekile ukuthatha usizo lukadokotela wakho. Xhumana nodokotela wakho uma ubona noma yikuphi kwalokhu okulandelayo:

• Ukulahlekelwa iphunga okuhambisana nezinye izimpawu ezifana nemfiva, ikhanda elibuhlungu, noma ukuphuma emakhaleni, okungase kubonise ukutheleleka
• Ukulahlekelwa iphunga kulandela ukulimala ekhanda noma ukuhlukumezeka
• Ukulahlekelwa kwephunga okuqhubekayo okuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto ambalwa
• Ukulahlekelwa iphunga elihambisana nezinye izimpawu zezinzwa, njenge isiyezi, ukudideka, noma izinkinga zenkumbulo

Isiphetho

Ukubhekana nokulahlekelwa iphunga kungaba inselele, kodwa ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha kanye nokuhlola izindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo kubalulekile. Ngokusebenzisana eduze nodokotela, ukubamba iqhaza ekuqeqesheni iphunga, nokufuna ukusekelwa ngokomzwelo, abantu ngabanye bangafunda ukuzivumelanisa nezimo nokugcina ukuphila okwanelisayo naphezu kwalesi simo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Yiziphi izimbangela ezivamile zokulahlekelwa iphunga kungazelelwe?

Izimbangela ezivamile zokulahlekelwa iphunga kungazelelwe zihlanganisa izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane (amakhaza avamile, umkhuhlane, noma i-COVID-19), i-sinusitis, ukulimala ekhanda, ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali athile noma ubuthi, kanye nokuvinjwa kwamakhala njengama-polyps noma amathumba.

2. Ingabe ukulahlekelwa iphunga unomphela?

Ngezinye izikhathi, ukulahlekelwa iphunga kungaba okwesikhashana, ikakhulukazi okubangelwa a ukutheleleka ngegciwane noma ukuvaleka emakhaleni. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, njengokulimala kwekhanda noma ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa, ukulahlekelwa kwephunga kungase kube unomphela noma isikhathi eside.

3. Ingabe i-anosmia ingavinjelwa?

Nakuba kungase kungenzeki ukuvimbela zonke izimo ze-anosmia, ukwenza inhlanzeko, ukugwema ukuchayeka ebuthini noma amakhemikhali, nokuvikela ikhanda lakho phakathi nemisebenzi eyingozi kakhulu kunganciphisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-anosmia.

4. Uwubuyisela kanjani umuzwa wakho wokuhogela?

Kuye ngembangela ewumsuka, ukuphinda uthole umuzwa wephunga kungase kuhilele ukwelapha isimo esiwumsuka (isb., imithi yama-polyps akhala noma ukuhlinzwa ngenxa yokuvinjwa), ukubamba iqhaza ekuqeqesheni iphunga, noma ukwelapha okuthile okufana nokuqeqeshwa kokuhogela noma ukuvuselela ugesi.

CARE Medical Team

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