Iqhubu Lentamo

Isigaxa entanyeni yakho singaba ukutholakala okungajabulisi okuvusa imibuzo eminingi. Isigaxa entanyeni siyinkinga evamile ethinta abantu bayo yonke iminyaka. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iqhubu elincane noma isisindo esikhulu, izigaxa zentamo zingaba nezimbangela ezihlukahlukene futhi zingase zibe noma zingabi uphawu lwenkinga yezempilo enzima. 

Ukuqonda isigaxa esingemuva kwentamo kubalulekile ukuze kutholakale ukuxilongwa ngesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa. Lesi sihloko sihlola izizathu nezinketho zokwelapha izigaxa zentamo. Sizohlola ukuthi kungani lezi zigaxa zakheka, ukuthi odokotela bazixilonga kanjani, nokuthi yini ongayenza uma uthola isigaxa entanyeni yakho. 

Izimbangela Zesigaxa Entamo 

Isigaxa entanyeni singaba nezimbangela ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ezifweni ezivamile kuya ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, njenge: 

• I-Swollen Lymph Nodes: Isizathu esivame kakhulu seqhubu entanyeni yi ama-lymph node avuvukile. Lezi zakhiwo ezincane ezimise okwebhontshisi zibalulekile emasosheni omzimba omzimba futhi zingakhula lapho zilwa nezifo. Izifo eziphezulu zokuphefumula (umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, noma i-strep throat) ngokuvamile zibangela ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph nodes entanyeni. 
• Izifo Ezithile: Izifo ezingabangela izigaxa zentamo zihlanganisa i-mononucleosis, i-HIV, nesifo sofuba. 
• Izinkinga Zamazinyo: Kwezinye izimo, izilonda zesikhumba noma izinkinga zamazinyo zingase zibangele isigaxa esibuhlungu entanyeni. 
• Isimo se-Thyroid: Izinkinga ze-thyroid kungaholela nezigaxa zentamo. Indlala yegilo ekhulisiwe, i-goitre, ingase ikhule ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-iodine noma ezinye izifo zegilo. Izigaxa zegilo, okuyizimila ngaphakathi kwendlala, nazo zingadala isigaxa esibonakalayo. 
• Umdlavuza: Ezimweni ezingavamile, isigaxa entanyeni singase sibe uphawu lomdlavuza. I-Lymphoma (umdlavuza we-lymphatic system) ingaba nezigaxa zentamo njengezimpawu zayo. Ukwengeza, umdlavuza ovela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba ungafinyelela kuma-lymph nodes entanyeni, okuholela ebuningini obubonakalayo. 

Izimpawu Zesigaxa Sentamo 

Isigaxa entanyeni singaba nezimpawu ezihlukahlukene, kuye ngokuthi imbangela yaso nendawo. 

• Isibonakaliso esisobala kakhulu ukuvuvukala okuphawulekayo noma isisindo endaweni yentamo. 
• Isigaxa sentamo singaba sithambile futhi siphenduleke noma sibe nzima futhi singajwayelekile ekuthunjweni. 
• Ezinye izigaxa zentamo azibuhlungu, kanti ezinye zingase zidale ukungakhululeki noma ububele lapho zithintwa. 
• Ezimweni eziningi, isigaxa sentamo sihambisana nezinye izimpawu. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise: 
• Kunzima ukugwinya 
• Ukuthuthumela noma izinguquko kwikhwalithi yezwi 
• Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo 
• Ukuphefumula kanzima, ikakhulukazi uma isigaxa sicindezela endleleni yokuphefumula. 
• Ubuhlungu emphinjeni noma endlebeni 
• Ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph nodes, okuyimbangela evamile yezigaxa zentamo, kungaholela emphinjeni obuhlungu kanye nokukhathala okuvamile. 
• Kwesinye isikhathi, abantu bangabona ukujuluka ebusuku, ukwehla kwesisindo okungachazwanga, noma umkhuhlane. Lezi zimpawu ezengeziwe zesigaxa sentamo zingaba ngenxa yesimo esibucayi kakhulu. 

Ukuxilongwa Kwesigaxa Entanyeni 

Odokotela basebenzisa izindlela zokuxilonga ukuze bathole imbangela yesigaxa entanyeni. 

• Umlando Wezokwelapha: Udokotela wakho uzobuza ngokuningiliziwe ngezimpawu zakho, ukuthi unesikhathi esingakanani isigaxa sentamo, nanoma yiziphi izici ezihlobene nobuhlungu noma ubunzima bokugwinya. 
• Ukuhlolwa Komzimba: Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa ngokomzimba, umtholampilo uzombamba ngokucophelela isigaxa sentamo ukuze ahlole ubukhulu baso, ukungaguquguquki, nokuhamba. Bangase bahlole nezinye izindawo zekhanda nentamo yakho, kuhlanganise nomgodi womlomo nomphimbo, ukuze babheke imithombo engase ibe khona yesigaxa. 
• Ukuhlola Igazi: Odokotela bangase bahlole igazi ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene ukuze babone ukuthi sinalo yini, izifo zegilo, neminye imidlavuza ethile. 
• Ukuhlolwa Kwezithombe: I-Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) ngokuvamile iyisinqumo sokuqala sabantu abadala, enikeza ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nosayizi wesigaxa, indawo, nezici. Ezinganeni, i-ultrasound ikhethwa ukugwema ukuchayeka emisebeni. Kwezinye izimo, i-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ingase isetshenziselwe ukubuka okuningiliziwe. 
• I-Biopsy: Uma ukuthwebula kunganikezi ukuxilongwa okucacile, odokotela bangase benze i-fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Le nqubo isebenzisa inaliti encane ukuze ikhiphe amangqamuzana esigaxeni ukuze afundwe ngesibonakhulu. I-FNAB ngokuvamile iphephile futhi isebenza ngempumelelo ekuhlukaniseni phakathi kwezigaxa eziyingozi neziyingozi. 

Ukwelashwa Kwesigaxa Entamo 

Ukwelashwa kwesigaxa entanyeni kuya ngembangela yaso. Ezimweni eziningi, akukho ukwelashwa okudingekayo ezigangeni zentamo enhle. Nokho, kungase kudinge ukususwa uma isigaxa sibangela ukungakhululeki noma sithinta ukuphefumula noma ukugwinya. 

• Ngezigaxa ezibangelwa izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, odokotela bavame ukunikeza ama-antibiotic. Uma ukutheleleka kungaphenduli emithini, odokotela basikisela ukukhipha amanzi ngokuhlinzwa. 
• Ngokuya ngobukhulu bazo kanye nemvelo, izigaxa ezihlobene negilo, njengama-goiter noma amaqhuqhuva, zingase zidinge imithi noma ukuhlinzwa. 
• Uma isigaxa sentamo sinomdlavuza, izinketho zokwelapha zihlanganisa ukuhlinzwa, ukwelapha ngemisebe, kanye nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali. Uhlelo oluthile luncike ku- uhlobo lomdlavuza, isiteji, kanye nempilo yesiguli iyonke. 
• Kwezinye izimo, izinqubo ezingavamisile kancane njenge-sialendoscopy zingaxilonga futhi zelaphe izinkinga ezindlaleni zamathe. Le nqubo isebenzisa ishubhu elincane, eliguquguqukayo ukuze libone ngeso lengqondo ingaphakathi ledlala futhi lenze ukwelashwa okuhlukahlukene. 

Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kuyitshe lesisekelo sokwelapha ngempumelelo izigaxa zentamo. Uma ubona isigaxa esibelesela entanyeni yakho, kufanele ubone udokotela ngokushesha ukuze uthole okufanele 
ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa. 

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela 

Nakuba izigaxa eziningi zentamo zingenabungozi, ezinye zingabonisa isimo esibucayi kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, kufanele ubone udokotela uma isigaxa siqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu. Lokhu kuthathwa njengenqwaba yentamo ephikelelayo futhi kudinga ukuhlolwa. 

Ngokushesha thintana nodokotela uma udinga ukucaciseleka ngokuthi unesikhathi esingakanani uneqhubu. 

Ukwengeza, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uthola noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu eceleni kwesigaxa sentamo: 

• Kunzima ukugwinya noma ukuphefumula 
• Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esingachaziwe 
• Izithukuthuku ebusuku 
• Ukukhathala 
• Fever 
• Ukulimala okungachazeki 

Lezi zimpawu zingase ziphakamise imbangela eyingozi kakhulu, njengomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo. 

Isiphetho 

Izigaxa zentamo zingabangelwa yizimbangela ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ezifweni ezingenabungozi kuya ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. Ukuqonda izimpawu nokufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngesikhathi kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa okufanele. Khumbula, ukusheshe kutholakale kubalulekile. Noma ngabe isigaxa esisentanyeni yakho singakubangeli ukuphatheka kabi, kungcono ukuthi sihlolwe wuchwepheshe ukuze kukhishwe noma yiziphi izimo ezibucayi futhi uqinisekise ukwelashwa okufanele uma 
kuyadingeka. 

FAQ sika 

1. Isigaxa singavelaphi? 

Isigaxa entanyeni singaba nemvelaphi ehlukahlukene. Isizathu esivame kakhulu ama-lymph nodes avuvukele, ngokuvamile avela ezifweni ezinjengomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, noma i-strep throat. Eminye imithombo engaba khona ihlanganisa izinkinga zegilo, njengama-goiter noma ama-nodule, izinkinga zendlala yamathe, noma ama-cysts. Ezimweni ezingavamile, isigaxa sentamo singase sibonise isimo esibucayi njengomdlavuza. 

2. Ingabe kufanele ngikhathazeke ngesigaxa entanyeni yami? 

Nakuba izigaxa eziningi zentamo ziyingozi, kubalulekile ukuthi noma yisiphi isigaxa esiphikelelayo sihlolwe ngudokotela. Qaphela ikakhulukazi uma isigaxa sihambisana nezimpawu ezinjengobunzima bokugwinya, ukuhayiza, ukuncipha kwesisindo ngendlela engaqondakali, noma ukujuluka ebusuku. Lezi kungaba yizimpawu eziyisixwayiso zesimo esinzima kakhulu. 

3. Ngingasikhipha kanjani isigaxa entanyeni? 

Ukwelashwa kwesigaxa entanyeni kuya ngembangela yaso. Uma kwenzeka ngenxa yokutheleleka kwebhaktheriya, ama-antibiotic angase anqunywe. Isigaxa sivamise ukuzixazulula ngokwaso ukutheleleka ngegciwane njengoba umzimba ulwa negciwane. Kwezinye izimo, ukususwa kokuhlinzwa kungase kudingeke, ikakhulukazi kuma-cysts noma izimila. 

4. Ngabe isigaxa esisentanyeni asinabungozi? 

Izigaxa eziningi zentamo azinangozi futhi ziyaxazululeka ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Nokho, ezinye zingabonisa izimo ezibucayi. Kubalulekile ukuthi noma yisiphi isigaxa esingapheli sihlolwe udokotela, ikakhulukazi uma siqinile, singenabuhlungu, noma sihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu. 

5. Imuphi udokotela okufanele ngiye kuye ukuze ngithole isigaxa sentamo? 

Ekuqaleni, ungathintana nodokotela wakho jikelele. Bangase bakucele ukuthi uthintane nochwepheshe wezindlebe, ikhala, nomphimbo (ENT), owaziwa nangokuthi i-otolaryngologist, ukuze uthole ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe. Kwesinye isikhathi, i-endocrinologist ingase ithintwe uma kusolwa izinkinga ze-thyroid. 

6. Indlela yokwelapha isigaxa entanyeni ekhaya? 

Nakuba iseluleko sezokwelapha sibalulekile, amanye amakhambi asekhaya angasiza ngezinhlobo ezithile zezigaxa zentamo. Ukucindezela okufudumele kungadambisa ama-lymph nodes avuvukele; ama-over-the-counter relievers angasiza ngokuphatheka kabi. Nokho, lezi zindlela akufanele zithathe indawo yokuhlolwa nokwelashwa okufanele. 

UDkt. Vijay Bansod.

CARE Medical Team

32