I-Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

I-Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder noma i-OCD imicabango ephazamisayo (i-obsession) engukuziphatha okucindezelayo nokuphindaphindayo (impoqo). Okunye okuvamile okubonwa kubantu abane-OCD kuhlanganisa - ukwesaba ukungcola, kanye nesidingo sokuhleleka. Impoqo ngokuvamile ihlanganisa - ukugeza izandla ngokweqile, ukuhlola izingidi, noma ukubala. Lokhu kungase kunikeze ukukhululeka kwesikhashana kodwa kungaqinisa umjikelezo we-OCD. 

I-OCD ivamise ukuba nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwempilo yansuku zonke, ekugcineni okonakalise izinga lempilo. Imvamisa kwenzeka kanye neziyaluyalu ezifana ADHD, ukucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, njll. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthola ukwelashwa kwe-OCD. Indlela yokwelapha ewusizo kakhulu imithi kanye ne-ERP (Ukuvimbela Ukuchayeka nokusabela), okudalula iziguli ekwesabeni kwazo okubi kakhulu kuyilapho kuvimbela ukucindezelwa. 

Nakuba i-OCD ingaba inselele ukubhekana nayo, ukuzinakekela kanye nemithi, ngaphezu kokusekelwa ngokokuziphatha nangokomzwelo, kungasiza abantu abane-OCD baphile ukuphila okwanelisayo. 

Kuyini I-Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?

I-OCD, noma i-Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, yisimo sengqondo esibonakala ngokuphindaphindiwe, imicabango engadingeki noma izifiso noma ukuthatheka. Kungase futhi kubangele ukuziphatha okuyimpoqo noma ukwenziwa ngokuphindaphindiwe kweminye imisebenzi. Amathuba amaningi okuthi umuntu abe nakho kokubili ukuphoqeleka nokuthatheka.

I-OCD ayihlotshaniswa nokuziphatha okufana nokuluma izinzipho noma ukucabanga okungalungile. Umuntu angase akhathazeke ngombono wokuthi imibala ethile noma izinombolo "zinhle" noma "zimbi." Isibonelo esisodwa somkhuba oyimpoqo ukugeza izandla zakho izikhathi eziyisikhombisa ngemva kokuthintana nezinto okungenzeka ukuthi zingcolile. Uzizwa sengathi awukwazi ukuyeka nakuba ungafuni ukucabanga noma ukwenza ngalezi zindlela. I-OCD ingabangela ukucindezeleka okukhulu nokuphazamiseka empilweni yomuntu. Nokho, izinqubo zokubhekana nezinkinga nezindlela zokwelapha zingazuzisa.

Izimpawu ze-OCD

Kokubili ukuphoqeleka nokuthatheka kuvamile kwabaphethwe yi-OCD, nakuba ungase ube nesinye sezimpawu kuphela. Ukwengeza, abanye abantu bathola ukunyakaza okungalawuleki noma imisindo ngenxa ye-tic disorder.

• Ukuthatheka: Lena imibono ephindaphindwayo, engamukeleki, imizwa, noma imibono engqondweni yakho. Awukwazi ukuzivimba ekubeni nazo; zama ukungazinaki ngendlela ongenza ngayo. Abantu abane-OCD bavame ukuzwa ezinye zezinhlobo ezifanayo zokucabanga okuphoqelekile. Ezinye zezimpawu yilezi:
  • ukukhathazeka mayelana nokuzilimaza wena noma ukuqaphela kwabanye njalo ukuphefumula, ukucwayiza, noma okunye ukuzwela komzimba
  • Ukukhathazeka ngokungakwazi ukulawula okushoyo noma okwenzayo
  • Ukukhathazeka ngokungcola namagciwane angena emzimbeni wakho
  • imibono ephazamisayo mayelana nodlame, inkolo
  • Ukwesaba ukukhohlwa noma ukubeka into engafanele
  • Isidingo se-symmetry noma i-oda
• Ukuphoqeleka: Uzizwa uphoqelekile ukwenza lezi zenzo zengqondo noma zomzimba nakuba ungafuni. Ngokuvamile zihlotshaniswa nokuthatheka; ungase ucabange ukuthi ukuzibandakanya kuzo kuzoqeda imicabango engakhululekile noma kuvimbele umphumela omubi. Lezi zenzo zingahlanganiswa zibe amasiko ayinkimbinkimbi afaka izenzo eziningi. Ngokwesibonelo, cabangela lokhu okulandelayo:
  • Ukulandela izinqubo eziqinile noma ukuqedela imisebenzi yasekhaya ngendlela enqunywe kusengaphambili isikhathi ngasinye
  • Ukubala izinto, njengezitebhisi noma amabhodlela, kanye nokunikeza izinombolo incazelo
  • Amasiko okuhlanza nokugeza
  • Ukubeka izinto ngohlelo oluthile
  • Ukuqinisekisa izikhathi ezimbalwa ukuthi izinto zikagesi zivaliwe, iminyango ivaliwe, njll.
  • Ukuphimisela amagama athile futhi noma ukuthandaza buthule
  • Ngokuqhubekayo ufuna ukuqinisekiswa noma isiqiniseko
  • Ukugwema izimo ezibangela i-OCD kungesinye isici esivame kakhulu salesi sifo.

Ubukhulu bezimpawu bungase buhluke kusukela kokumaphakathi kuye kokungakwazi ukusebenza kahle. Ngezinye izikhathi, izinto zingase zibe zimbi kakhulu noma zibe ngcono ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kungenzeka ukuthi ukuziphatha kwakho okuyimpoqo kanye nokuthatheka nakho kuzoshintsha.

Izinkinga ze-OCD

I-OCD ayinazo izimbangela ezaziwayo. Kukhona ukuthambekela kofuzo ku-OCD kubantu abaningi abane-OCD. Nokho, isimo sakho sengqondo nezimo ezikuzungezile kungase kuhileleke.

Ukwengeza, izinto ezimbalwa zingabangela i-OCD, kuhlanganise:

• Ukutheleleka ngegciwane noma amagciwane 
• I-Trauma to the brain (TBI)
• Ukucindezeleka 

Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi lezi azinawo umnikelo ku-OCD. Kunalokho, bandisa i-OCD kubantu abathambekele kuyo ngokofuzo. Abanye abantu bahlangabezana ne-OCD ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo. Kukholakala ukuthi lezi zingadala i-OCD noma zibhebhethekise izimpawu zayo. Uma une-OCD, ungase ube namaphethini okucabanga abonisa noma iyiphi yalezi zinkolelo:

• Ukuzibophezela ngokweqile: Ukucabanga ukuthi unamandla okumisa noma ukugwema izehlakalo ezingezinhle ezingekho ngaphansi kolawulo lwakho.
• Ukubaluleka Okudlulele Kwemibono: Ukuzwa ukuthi ukwenza into engalungile, njengokulimaza othile, ngokwezimiso zokuziphatha kulingana nokucabanga ukuyenza.
• Ukulawula ingqondo: Inkolelo yokuthi ukulawula ingqondo okuphelele kuyadingeka futhi kuyenzeka
• Ukucabangela Ngokweqile Kosongo: Inkolelo yokuthi izinhlekelele eziyinhlekelele cishe iqinisekile
• I-Perfectionism: Umbono wokuthi amaphutha awamukeleki
• Ukungabekezelelani Okungaqondakali: Isifiso esikhulu sokwazi ukuthi kuzokwenzekani (noma ukuqiniseka ukuthi akukho okubi okuzokwenzeka)

I-OCD Risk Factors

Abesifazane banamathuba amaningi okuba ne-OCD kunamadoda. Iningi labantu litholwa lapho lisanda kukhula, izimpawu ngokuvamile ziqala ngasekupheleni kwengane noma lapho umuntu esekhulile. Izingozi ezengeziwe zihlanganisa:

• Ukukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, noma tics
• Okuhlangenwe nakho okuhlobene nokuhlukumezeka
• Umzali ohlushwa yi-OCD, ingane yakini, noma ingane
• Ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi noma ngokomzimba kwasebuntwaneni
• Ukwehluka ngokomzimba ezindaweni ezithile zobuchopho

Izinkinga

I-OCD ingabangela izinkinga eziningana, njenge:

• Izinga lempilo elingelihle
• Ubudlelwano obunezinkinga
• Imicabango yokuzibulala kanye nokuziphatha okunodlame
• Isikhathi esiningi esichithwa ubamba iqhaza ekuziphatheni okungokwesiko
• Izinkinga zempilo ezifana ne-dermatitis yokuxhumana nokugeza izandla njalo
• Ukuba nesikhathi esinzima sokuya emsebenzini noma esikoleni noma ukubamba iqhaza emisebenzini yezenhlalo

Sifo 

Kubalulekile ukuvakashela umhlinzeki wezempilo. Bangakwazi ukukuxilonga ngokusekelwe ekuziphatheni kwakho, imizwa, imicabango, izinga lokucindezeleka, kanye nemiphumela ekusebenzeni kwakho. 

Ungase uqondiswe kumelaphi wemisebenzi yezandla, isazi sezengqondo, noma udokotela wengqondo. Bazokhipha ezinye izifo ezingaba umthombo wezimpawu zakho, njenge:

• Ukucindezeleka
• schizophrenia
• Ukuphazamiseka kokukhathazeka

Ngezinye izikhathi ukuthola ukuxilongwa kuthatha isikhathi. Noma kunjalo, ukuqala inqubo yokuhlola kuyisinyathelo esakhayo endleleni efanele.

Yelashwa kanjani i-OCD?

Noma i-OCD ingaba yinselele, iyalawuleka. I-OCD ingaphathwa futhi ilashwe ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

• Umuthi: Imithi, ikakhulukazi i-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) ekhethiwe, inenzuzo kwabanye abagulayo be-OCD. Udokotela wengqondo noma omunye udokotela angase akubhalele incwadi kadokotela.
• Ukwelashwa: I-OCD ivame ukuphathwa ngokuvinjelwa kokuchayeka nokuphendula (ERP), ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo (CBT). Izivivinyo ezimbalwa zithole ukuthi lokhu kuyimpumelelo. Ukwelashwa kwe-OCD. Uma umuntu evumela ukuphoqelelwa kwakho, ungezwa ukuthi kukhona okungalungile kuzokwenzeka. Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, odokotela bazobasiza ukuthi bafunde ukulawula ukuthambekela ngaphandle kokuphoqelela. Lokhu kungase kugcine kwehlisa amandla e-obsessions.
• Ukuzinakekela: Ukuzinakekela kungenye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuphatha i-OCD. Ukulawula ukucindezeleka kungase kube yinzuzo ngoba ukucindezeleka kungabhebhethekisa i-OCD. Futhi, Ukuvivinya, ukuzindla, nokuzilibazisa kwezobuciko kungaba imisebenzi ekhulula ukucindezeleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwenza ijenali neminye imisebenzi eveza imizwa kufanele kuzanywe ukusiza ukucubungula imizwa. 

Kufanele Ngimbone Nini Udokotela?

Uma i-OCD ithinta ukuphila komuntu kwansuku zonke, kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela, ngaphambi kokuba ingalawuleki. Odokotela bazokweluleka ngokuzinakekela kanye nemithi ethile (uma kudingeka). 

Prevention

Azikho izindlela eziqinisekile zokuvimbela i-OCD. Kodwa-ke, uma umuntu eba nezimpawu ze-OCD, kufanele abonane nodokotela ngokushesha futhi athathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezingasiza ekuvimbeleni i-OCD ekubeni ibe yimbi kakhulu. 

Isiphetho

Isifo sengqondo esaziwa nge-Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) sibonakala ngomcabango ongalawuleki kanye/noma amaphethini okuziphatha. Ungase uzizwe uphoqelekile ukuba wenze okuthile—ngokwengqondo noma ngokomzimba—ukuze ukhiphe imicabango engathandeki. Ngisho noma lingekho ikhambi le-OCD, abantu abaningi bangase baphathe lesi simo ngemithi, ukwelashwa, noma kokubili.

Abantu abane-OCD abanakho ukuphila okulula. Kodwa-ke, izindaba ezinhle ukuthi kukhona ukwelashwa kwe-OCD yokuphatha lesi simo. Abaningi abane-OCD balawula ukugula kwabo futhi baphile ukuphila okwanelisayo.

Kufanele ucabange ngokubona uchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo (Udokotela Wengqondo noma Umelaphi) onguchwepheshe ekwelapheni i-OCD uma ucabanga ukuthi wena noma othandekayo unalesi sifo. Ngokuvamile, isinyathelo sokuqala sokufunda ukuphatha izimpawu zakho ze-OCD ukukhuluma nochwepheshe.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Q1. Ingabe ukukhathazeka kwe-OCD?

Izimpendulo. I-OCD ayifani nokukhathazeka kodwa ingabangela izinga eliphezulu lokukhathazeka, lapho umuntu engakwazi ukulawula imizwelo yakhe. Kungabangela imicabango engenangqondo, ukwesaba, noma ukukhathazeka. 

Q2. Ngingayelapha kanjani i-OCD yami ngokwemvelo?

Izimpendulo. Ukudla ukudla okufanele, ukujwayela ingqondo, ukuvivinya umzimba, nokuzifundisa nge-OCD kungasiza ukuphatha lesi simo ngokwemvelo. 

Q3. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-OCD ne-OCPD?

Izimpendulo. I-OCD ibonakala ngemicabango engenele kanye nokuziphatha okuphindaphindayo, okulandelwa ukukhathazeka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-OCPD isifo sobuntu esiphawulwa iphethini egcwele yokufuna ukuphelela, ukuqina, kanye nesidingo sokulawula indawo yomuntu.

UDkt. Mazher Ali

MBBS, MD (Psychiatry)
CARE Hospitals Outpatient Centre, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad

Ukuze Ubhukhe Isikhathi, shayela:

+ 91 40-68106529

7