Ukugwinya Kabuhlungu (Odynophagia)

Ukugwinya kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi abantu abaningi abayithatha kalula kuze kube yilapho bethola ukungakhululeki noma ubuhlungu. Ubuhlungu ngenkathi ukugwinya, okwaziwa nangokuthi i-odynophagia, kungaba uphawu olucindezelayo oluthinta ikhono lakho lokudla ukudla noketshezi kanye nekhwalithi yakho yonke yokuphila. Lesi simo singabangelwa yizimbangela ezihlukahlukene eziyisisekelo, kusukela ekucasuleni okuncane komphimbo kuya ezifweni ezibucayi kakhulu zezokwelapha. Ukuqonda izimbangela ezingase zibe khona, ukubonakaliswa, kanye nezinketho zokwelapha kubalulekile ekulawuleni lolu daba ngempumelelo.

Izimbangela Zobuhlungu Lapho Ugwinya

Ubuhlungu ngenkathi ugwinya bungabangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise:

• Amagciwane:
  • I-streptococcal pharyngitis (i-streptococcal pharyngitis)
  • Ukutheleleka ngegciwane
  • Amathumba
  • I-Oral thrush (candidiasis)
  • Izifo ze-oesophageal (i-candidiasis, i-herpes simplex virus)
• Ukuvuvukala:
  • I-Esophagitis (ukuvuvukala kommizo)
  • Isifo se-reflux ye-gastroesophageal (GERD)
  • I-Eosinophilic esophagitis (isimo se-allergic)
• Okungajwayelekile kwesakhiwo:
  • I-Oesophageal strictures (ukuncipha kommizo)
  • Izindandatho ze-Oesophageal noma amawebhu
  • Indandatho ye-Schatzki (i-ring-efana ne-esophagus)
  • Ukuphila kuka-Killian
• Ukulimala noma ukuhlukumezeka:
  • Ukungenwa ngengozi kwezinto ezidala
  • Ukwelashwa kwamafutha ngenxa yomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo
  • Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Esophageal noma i-instrumentation
• Ezinye izimo:
  • Ukuphazamiseka kwemisipha (isb, achalasia, scleroderma)
  • Izimila noma izixuku kumphimbo noma ezakhiweni ezizungezile
  • Izilonda zomlomo noma izilonda zomlomo

Izimpawu ezihambisana nokugwinya okubuhlungu

Izimpawu ezihambisana nokugwinya okubuhlungu zingahluka kuye ngembangela ewumsuka. Izimpawu nezimpawu ezijwayelekile zingabandakanya:

• A esivuthayo noma ukuzwa okulumayo lapho ugwinya
• Umuzwa wokuthile okubambekile kuwe emphinjeni
• Ubunzima noma ukungakwazi ukugwinya
• Ubuhlungu obuba bubi nakakhulu ngokudla okuthile noma uketshezi (isb., okushisayo, okubabayo, noma okune-acidic)
• Ukuconsa noma ukukhiqizwa kwamathe ngokweqile
• Regurgitation noma oluhlanzayo
• Ukuncipha kwesisindo (ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu)

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi abanye abantu bangase babe nezimpawu ezengeziwe, ezifana nomkhuhlane, umphimbo obuhlungu, noma ukuphefumula kanzima, okunganikeza izinkomba mayelana nesimo esicashile.

Izinkinga

Uma kungelashwa, ukugwinya okubuhlungu kungaholela ezinkingeni ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise:

• Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kanye nokungondleki: Uma ungakwazi ukudla uketshezi olwanele nemisoco ngenxa yobuhlungu, ungase uphelelwe amanzi emzimbeni noma ungondleki, okungaba nemiphumela emibi empilweni yakho iyonke.
• I-Aspiration pneumonia: Ubunzima bokugwinya bungandisa ingozi yokudla noma uketshezi olungena emaphashini, okungase kuholele ekulangazeleleni. inyumoniya, isifo esiyingozi samaphaphu.
• Ukuqina kwe-oesophageal noma ukunciphisa: Ukuvuvukala noma ukulimala isikhathi eside ku-esophagus kungabangela izibazi kanye nokwakheka kwama-strictures, okuqhubeka kube nzima inqubo yokugwinya.
• Ukubhobozwa kwe-oesophageal: Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukuhlukumezeka okukhulu noma ukugwinya izinto ezibangelwa yi-caustic kungase kuholele ekubhobhozeni noma ukudabuka komminzo, okuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Sifo

Ukuze anqume isizathu esiyisisekelo sokugwinya kwakho okubuhlungu, udokotela wakho angase atuse lezi zivivinyo zokuxilonga ezilandelayo:

• Ukuhlola ngokomzimba: Udokotela wakho cishe uzohlola umphimbo, umlomo, nentamo yakho nganoma yiziphi izimpawu ezibonakalayo zokuvuvukala, izilonda, noma ukungavamile.
• I-Endoscopy: Le nqubo ihlanganisa ukufaka ishubhu elincanyana, eligobekayo ngekhamera (i-endoscope) ngomlomo noma ekhaleni lakho ukuze uhlole umminzo, isisu, kanye nezakhiwo ezizungezile ngokubukeka.
• Ucwaningo lokugwinya kwe-Barium: Lokhu kuhlolwa kwesithombe kuhilela ukugwinya okuhlukile (i-barium) nokuthatha ama-X-reyi ukuze ubone ngeso lengqondo umminzo nokukhomba noma yikuphi ukungahambi kahle kwesakhiwo noma izithiyo.
• I-Oesophageal Manometry: Lokhu kuhlolwa kukala ingcindezi kanye nokunyakaza (ukunyakaza) komminzo ngesikhathi sokugwinya, okungasiza ekuxilongeni izimo ezifana ne-achalasia noma i-esophageal spasms.
• I-CT noma i-MRI ye-Neck ne-Thorax 
• Ukuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri: Udokotela wakho angakuyalela ukuhlolwa kwegazi noma amasiko ukuze ahlole izifo noma ezinye izimo ezikhona.

Ngokuya ngokutholakele, ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe noma ukubonisana nochwepheshe kungase kudingeke ukuze kutholakale ukuxilongwa okunembile.

Ukwelashwa Kokugwinya Okubuhlungu

Indlela yokwelapha yokugwinya okubuhlungu izoncika kumbangela nobukhulu balesi simo. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• Imithi:
  • Udokotela wakho angase atuse imithi ehlukahlukene ngokwezimbangela, njengalezi:
  • Ama-antacids noma i-proton pump inhibitors ye-acid reflux noma i-esophagitis
  • Ama-antibiotics okutheleleka nge-bacterial
  • Imithi ye-Antifungal izifo zokukhunta
  • Corticosteroids ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala
  • Izidambisi zinhlungu noma ama-numbing agents for impumuzo yesikhashana
• Ukuguqulwa kokudla:
  • Ukugwema ukudla okushisayo, okubabayo, noma okune-asidi okungase kwandise ubuhlungu
  • Ukudla okuthambile, okuhlanganisiwe, noma okuwuketshezi kuze kube yilapho isimo siba ngcono
  • Ukuhlala uhlanzekile ngokuphuza uketshezi oluningi
• Izinqubo ze-Endoscopic:
  • Ukunwetshwa (ukwelula) kokuqina kommizo 
  • Ukususwa kwezindandatho ze-esophageal noma ama-webs
  • Umjovo we-botulinum toxin ye-achalasia noma i-esophageal spasms
• Ukuhlinzwa:
  • Odokotela batusa ukuhlinzwa kommizo ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu noma eziqhubekayo, ezifana nokukhipha izimila noma ukulungisa ukungahambi kahle kwesakhiwo.
• Izinguquko zokuphila:
  • Ukugwema ukubhema notshwala, obungacasula umminzo
  • Ukugcina inhlanzeko yomlomo ukuze uvimbele izifo
  • Odokotela bahlela uhlelo oluthile lokwelapha ngokwezidingo zakho kanye nembangela eyinhloko yokugwinya kwakho okubuhlungu.

Ungamshayela Nini Udokotela Wakho

Nakuba ukucasuka okuncane kungase kubangele ukungakhululeki noma ubuhlungu ngezikhathi ezithile lapho ugwinya, kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yikuphi kwalokhu okulandelayo:

• Ubuhlungu obukhulu noma obuqhubekayo obuphazamisa ikhono lakho lokugwinya
• Ukuphefumula kanzima noma umuzwa wokuthile okunamathele emphinjeni wakho
• Kudonsa noma ukukhiqizwa kwamathe ngokweqile
• Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esingachaziwe
• Umkhuhlane noma ezinye izimpawu zokutheleleka
• Ukuvota noma ukugeleza kwegazi noma impahla enombala omnyama
• Umlando wokwelashwa ngemisebe noma ukuhlinzwa kwe-esophageal

Amakhambi Asekhaya Ezinhlungu Ngenkathi Ugwinya

Nakuba amakhambi asekhaya akufanele athathe indawo yokwelashwa kochwepheshe, amanye amakhambi emvelo angase anikeze ukukhululeka kwesikhashana ezimweni ezithambile zokugwinya okubuhlungu:

• I-Saltwater Gargle: Ukugaxa ngamanzi anosawoti asivivi kungasiza ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala futhi kukhuthaze ukuphulukiswa endaweni yomphimbo.
• Uketshezi olufudumele: Ukuhabula iziphuzo ezifudumele njengetiye le-herbal, okusivivi amanzi ngoju, noma umhluzi ofudumele ungasiza ukuthobisa umphimbo futhi kudambise ukungakhululeki.
• Uketshezi olubandayo: Ukumunca ama-ice chips noma ukudonsa iziphuzo ezibandayo kungasiza ukudambisa izinhlungu futhi kunciphise ukuvuvukala.
• Ama-lozenge noma amaswidi aqinile: Ukumunca ama-lozenge noma amaswidi aqinile kungadambisa izinhlungu okwesikhashana futhi kukhuthaze ukukhiqizwa kwamathe, angasiza ekugwinyeni.
• Izidambisi zezinhlungu ezingaphezu kwe-counter: Izidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala (ama-NSAID) zingadambisa izinhlungu nokuvuvukala okwesikhashana.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi kufanele usebenzise amakhambi asekhaya ngokucophelela, okungenzeka angaxazululi imbangela eyinhloko yokugwinya kwakho okubuhlungu kakhulu. 

Isiphetho

Ubuhlungu ngenkathi ugwinya kungaba yisimo esicindezelayo futhi esingase sibe bucayi okungafanele singanakwa. Ngokuqonda izizathu ezingaba khona, izimpawu, nezindlela zokwelapha, ungathatha izinyathelo ezisheshayo ukuze ulawule lolu daba ngempumelelo. Uma uzwa ubuhlungu obungapheli noma obunzima lapho ugwinya, ungangabazi ukuhlela i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wakho. Ngohlelo olufanele lokuxilongwa nokuphatha, ungadambisa ukungakhululeki futhi ubuyisele ikhono lakho lokugwinya ngokunethezeka.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Kungani kubuhlungu uma ngigwinya ukudla?

Kunezizathu ezimbalwa ezingaba ukuthi kungani ukugwinya ukudla kungase kube buhlungu. Ezinye izigebengu ezivamile zihlanganisa izifo ezifana ne-strep throat noma imithambo, isifo se-reflux ye-gastroesophageal (GERD), noma izithiyo ezifana nezinto ezigwinywe noma izimila. Ukuvuvukala noma ukulimala emphinjeni noma emmizweni nakho kungase kubangele ukungakhululeki. Imithi ethile noma i-allergies ingabhebhethekisa lo muzwa. 

2. Ngenzenjani uma ukugwinya kubuhlungu?

Uma uzwa ubuhlungu noma ukungakhululeki ngenkathi ugwinya, nazi ezinye izinyathelo ongazithatha:

• Uma unayo isilonda emphinjeni wakho gwema ukudla okushisayo, okubabayo, noma okune-asidi neziphuzo, njengoba kucasula indawo ethintekile ngokuqhubekayo. Gwema ukudla okushisayo, okunosawoti omningi futhi okubabayo.
• Zama ukuphuza uketshezi olufudumele, njengetiye le-herbal noma amanzi afudumele anoju. Inganciphisa ukucasuka komphimbo.
• Gcoba ngamanzi anosawoti asivivi kunganciphisa ukuvuvukala futhi kukhuthaze ukuphulukiswa.
• Ncela ama-lozenge noma amaswidi aqinile ukuze uwathuntuthe okwesikhashana ubuhlungu futhi ikhuthaze ukukhiqizwa kwamathe.
• Thatha izidambisi zezinhlungu ezingaphezu kwe-counter ukuze unciphise ukungakhululeki.
• Uma ubuhlungu bukhulu noma buqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, funa iseluleko kudokotela wakho ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okufanele nokwelashwa.

3. Yini ebangela ubuhlungu emphinjeni lapho ugwinya?

Izimo eziningana zingaba isizathu sobuhlungu ngenkathi ugwinya, kuhlanganise:

• Izifo: i-Strep throat, i-tonsillitis, i-thrush yomlomoizifo ze-esophageal (i-candidiasis, i-herpes simplex virus)
• Ukuvuvukala: I-Esophagitis (ukuvuvukala komgudu), isifo se-reflux ye-gastroesophageal (GERD), noma i-eosinophilic esophagitis (isimo sokungezwani komzimba)
• Ukungajwayelekile kwesakhiwo: Izindandatho, amasongo, noma amawebhu
• Ukulimala noma ukuhlukumezeka: Ukungenwa ngengozi izinto eziyingozi, ukwelapha ngemisebe, noma ukuhlinzwa komgudu wokugaya ukudla/izinsimbi.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwemisipha: I-Achalasia noma i-scleroderma ethinta inqubo yokugwinya.
• Izimila noma izixuku: Ukukhula kommizo noma ezakhiweni ezizungezile
• Izilonda zomlomo noma izilonda zomlomo: Ukucasuka ngesikhathi sokugwinya

CARE Medical Team

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