Isikhumba Sezimvu

Ukuba nesikhumba esiphaphathekile kuyinto evamile kwabanye abantu. Kuchaza ibala labo. Nokho, lapho isikhumba siphenduka ngokuphaphathekile futhi sibonakala singaphili, ngokuvamile kubonisa isimo sezempilo esicashile, esingase sibe sibi kakhulu futhi sibeke ukuphila engozini.

Isikhumba esiphaphathekile, esaziwa nangokuthi i-pallor, singenzeka kubantu banoma isiphi ibala lesikhumba, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ulungile noma umnyama. Izifo ezithambile zesikhumba esiphaphathekile zingelashwa ekhaya uma zingabucayi. Kodwa-ke, izimo ezinzima zidinga ukunakwa kochwepheshe bezokwelapha abakwazi ukuxilonga isimo sesikhumba futhi bancome ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu okusekelwe ezimweni zomuntu ngamunye kanye nokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha. Ake sixoxe ngezici ezihlukahlukene zesikhumba esiphaphathekile.

Siyini Isikhumba Esiphaphathekile? 

Isikhumba esiphaphathekile yigama elisetshenziswa ukuchaza ukuba mhlophe okungavamile kwesikhumba noma ulwelwesi lwamafinyila. Ingenzeka endaweni yendawo noma isakazeke kuwo wonke umzimba. Lesi simo sivame ukuhambisana nokuphaphatheka ebusweni bolimi, ngaphakathi emlonyeni, nolwelwesi lwamehlo. Isikhumba sombala ngokuvamile ayibonisi inkinga yezempilo.

Imikhuba yokudla engenampilo kanye nokuncipha kokugeleza kwegazi kungaba nomthelela ekuphaphathekeni. Ngaphezu kwesikhumba, ukuphaphatheka kungabonwa ezingxenyeni ezilandelayo zomzimba:

• Izinzipho zeminwe
• Ulimi
• Ulwelwesi lwamafinyila ngaphakathi emlonyeni
• Ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi lwamajwabu amehlo aphansi

Izimbangela Zesikhumba Esiphaphathekile

Ukuphaphatheka esikhumbeni kuvame ukubangelwa ukuncipha kokunikezwa kwegazi esikhumbeni. Kungase futhi kubangelwe ukushoda kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi (i-anemia). Nakuba abantu abaningi becabanga ukuthi i-melanin deposits ibangela ukuphaphatheka, ukuphaphatheka ngokuvamile kuhlobene nokugeleza kwegazi esikhumbeni.

Isikhumba esiphaphathekile, esaziwa nangokuthi i-pallor, singabangelwa izici ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi:

• I-anemia: Enye yezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zesikhumba esiphaphathekile i-anemia, eyenzeka lapho kunokuntuleka kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi noma i-hemoglobin egazini. I-anemia ingabangelwa ukuntula okusansimbi, ukushoda kwevithamini B12, noma ezinye izimo ezikhona ezithinta ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi noma ubude bokuphila.
• Ukulahlekelwa Igazi: Ukulahlekelwa igazi okunamandla noma okungamahlalakhona, njengokulimala, ukuhlinzwa, ukopha emathunjini, noma izikhathi ezinzima zokuya esikhathini, kungaholela esikhumbeni esiphaphathekile ngenxa yokuncipha komthamo wegazi namandla okuthwala umoya-mpilo.
• Ukushaqeka: Ukwethuka yisimo esisongela ukuphila esibonakala ngokunganele kwezicubu ezigcwala umoya kanye nokulethwa komoyampilo ezithweni ezibalulekile. Isikhumba esiphaphathekile siwuphawu oluvamile lokushaqeka, kanye nezinye izimpawu zokwehluleka ukujikeleza kwegazi njengomfutho wegazi ophansi, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, nokushintsha kwesimo sengqondo.
• Ukujikeleza Okubi: Izimo ezikhinyabeza ukugeleza kwegazi esikhumbeni, njenge-peripheral artery disease, isifo sika-Raynaud, noma i-vasospasm, zingaholela ekushintsheni kwesikhumba okuphaphathekile noma okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ikakhulukazi emaphethelweni.
• I-Hypotension: Umfutho wegazi ophansi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngenxa yokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, imithi, noma izimo zezokwelapha ezingaphansi, kungabangela ukugeleza kwegazi okwanele esikhumbeni futhi kuholele ekukhanyeni.
• I-Hypothyroidism: Indlala yegilo engasebenzi kahle (hypothyroidism) ingabambezela ukugayeka kokudla futhi iholele esikhumbeni esiphaphathekile, esomile, kanye nezinye izimpawu ezinjengokukhathala, ukukhuluphala, nokungabekezelelani amakhaza.
• Ukungondleki: Ukungadli ngokwanele imisoco ebalulekile, ikakhulukazi okusansimbi, vitamin B12, kanye ne-folate, kungaholela ekubeni ne-anemia nesikhumba esiphaphathekile.
• Izifo Ezingamahlalakhona: Izimo ezithile zezokwelapha ezingamahlalakhona, njengezifo ezingamahlalakhona isifo sezinso, isifo sesibindi, umdlavuza, noma ukuphazamiseka kwe-autoimmune, kungabangela izinguquko zesistimu eziholela esikhumbeni esiphaphathekile.
• Imithi: Eminye imithi, kuhlanganise nezidakamizwa ze-chemotherapy, i-antipsychotics, ama-antibiotic athile, nemithi elwa nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, ingabangela isikhumba esikhanyayo njengomphumela wecala.
• Ukutheleleka Nezimo Ezivuthayo: Izifo ezinzima, i-sepsis, noma izimo ezivuthayo ezifana ne-systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) noma i-rheumatoid arthritis ingaholela esikhumbeni esiphaphathekile ngenxa yokuvuvukala kwesistimu nokulimala kwezicubu.
• Izici Zengqondo: Ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo, ukukhathazeka, noma ukwesaba kungabangela ukuphaphatheka ngenxa yokusebenza kwesimiso sezinzwa esizwelayo kanye nokuqondisa kabusha kokugeleza kwegazi kude nesikhumba futhi kuya ezithweni ezibalulekile.

Izimpawu Zesikhumba Esiphaphathekile

Ukuphaphatheka kuvame ukuvela nezinye izimo zezempilo. Ezinye zezimpawu zesikhumba esiphaphathekile ezihambisana nezinye izimo kungaba - 

I-anemia eyingozi

• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• Ukuphefumula kwesifuba
• ubuhlungu besifuba
• I-Hypotension noma umfutho wegazi ophansi
• Ukulahlekelwa kokwazi 

I-anemia engapheli

I-anemia engapheli ayinazo izimpawu ngaphandle kokuphaphatheka, ukuzwela imikhuhlane, nokukhathala. 

Shock

• Isikhumba se-Clammy
• Ukukhanya okukhanyayo 
• isiyezi
• Ukuphefumula okusheshayo nokungajulile
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo nokubuthakathaka
• ukukhathazeka
• ukoma 
• Ukulahlekelwa kokwazi 

kungakhuphula izinga likashukela 

• Ukuphoqa
• Ukukhathala
• Indlala
• Inkinga igxila 
• Ukuthukuthela 
• Ukukhanya okukhanyayo 
• isiyezi 

Ukuvinjwa Kwe-Arterial Kwelungu 

Ukuvaleka kwemithambo noma ukuntuleka kokujikeleza kwegazi kungabangela ukuphaphatheka kwendawo, ngokuvamile ezingalweni nasemilenzeni. Ngezinye izikhathi, imilenze ingabanda futhi iqine ngenxa yokuntuleka kokujikeleza kwegazi.

Ukuxilongwa Kwesikhumba Esiphaphathekile

Isikhumba esiphaphathekile sibonisa ukugula kanye nobuhlungu besisu nokuzwela kungase kuphakamise ukuthi ukopha kwangaphakathi kubangela ukuphaphatheka. Ngakho-ke, uma isiguli sihlangabezana nalezi zimpawu noma sibona indawo ephaphathekile esikhumbeni, kufanele hlela isikhathi sokuhlangana nodokotela. Udokotela uzo-oda ukuhlolwa okuqondile kokuxilonga ukuze athole imbangela eyisisekelo yokuphaphatheka.

Udokotela okhona uzobuyekeza ngokucophelela umlando wezokwelapha nezimpawu, futhi ahlole umfutho wegazi nokushaya kwenhliziyo. Nakuba isikhumba esiphaphathekile sivame ukutholakala ngokubukeka, kungaba nzima ukusibona kubantu abanesikhumba esimnyama. Ukwengeza, ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kungenziwa ukuze kuhlonzwe isikhumba esiphaphathekile:

• Isibalo se-Reticulocyte: Lokhu kuhlola kuhlola ukuthi umnkantsha wethambo usebenza kahle kangakanani.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi Lobulongwe: Lokhu kuhlola kuhlola igazi esitulweni, okungase kubonise ukopha kwamathumbu.
• Ukuhlolwa Kokusebenza Kwezinso: Izinkinga zezinso kungabangela ukuphelelwa igazi, ngakho udokotela angase acele ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-creatinine noma ukuhlolwa kwe-urea nitrogen yegazi ukuze ahlole impilo yezinso.
• Ukuhlolwa Komsebenzi Wegilo: Uchungechunge lokuhlolwa luyenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza kwe-thyroid njengoba ukungasebenzi kahle kwegilo kungase kubangele i-anemia nesikhumba esiphaphathekile.
• Isibalo Segazi Esiphelele (CBC): Lokhu kuhlola kuhlola isibalo samangqamuzana abomvu egazi futhi kusize ekunqumeni ukuthi isiguli sine-anemia noma ezinye izifo.
• Ukuhlolwa Kokuntula Ukudla Okunempilo: Udokotela angase a-ode ukuhlolwa kwe-serum iron, vitamin B12, noma i-folic acid ukuze ahlole noma yikuphi ukuntuleka kwezakhi.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwezithombe: Ama-CT scan, ama-MRIs, noma ama-ultrasound ukuhlola kwezithombe okuvamile okuyalwa udokotela ukuze kubonakale kangcono ngaphakathi komzimba lapho isikhumba sibonakala siphaphathekile.
• I-Extremity Arteriography: Phakathi nalokhu kuhlolwa, udayi ujovwa emithanjeni yesitho ukuze kutholakale noma yikuphi ukuvaleka.

Ukwelashwa Kwesikhumba Esiphaphathekile

Ukwelashwa kwesikhumba esiphaphathekile kuncike kumbangela. Ezinye izinketho zokwelapha zihlanganisa:

• Ukumboza indawo ethintekile ngendwangu yokugeza efudumele uma isiguli sinesikhumba esiphaphathekile ngenxa yeqhwa.
• Ukudla a ezinomsoco, ukudla okulinganiselayo.
• Ukuthatha okusansimbi, uvithamini B12, noma izithasiselo ze-folate, noma ukudla ukudla okunothe nge-folate.
• Ukugqoka izingubo ezixegayo nokuhlala ungenawo amanzi.
• Ukusebenzisa amaphilisi eglucose noma ama-carbohydrate asebenza ngokushesha uma isiguli sinoshukela osegazini.
• Ukuyeka ukubhema nokunciphisa ukuphuza utshwala.
• Ukulawula amazinga e-cholesterol.
• Ukuhlinzwa ezimweni zokuvinjelwa kwe-arterial.

Uyibona kanjani iPaleness?

I-Paleness, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-pallor, ibhekisela ekubonakaleni okukhanyayo kunokuvamile kwesikhumba, ulwelwesi lwamafinyila, noma ezinye izicubu zomzimba. Kungaba inkomba yezimo ezihlukahlukene ezingaphansi, okuhlanganisa i-anemia, ukushaqeka, izinkinga zokujikeleza kwegazi, noma izimo ezithile zezempilo. Nazi ezinye izindlela ezijwayelekile zokukhomba ukuphaphatheka:

• Umbala Wesikhumba: Ukuphaphatheka kungabonwa ngokuqhathanisa indawo ethintekile yesikhumba nezindawo ezizungezile. Isikhumba singase sibonakale silula ngokuphawulekayo noma sigezekile ngombala uma siqhathaniswa nethoni yaso evamile. Ukuphaphatheka kungase kubonakale kakhulu ezindaweni zomzimba ezinebala elincane, njengobuso, izindebe, izintende, noma ngaphakathi emlonyeni.
• Ukuhlola Okuqhathanisayo: Qhathanisa umbala wesikhumba nesisekelo noma umbala ovamile. Isibonelo, uma umuntu ngokuvamile enebala elimnyama, noma yikuphi ukukhanya okuphawulekayo kwesikhumba kungase kubonise ukuphaphatheka.
• Imibhede yezinzipho: Hlola imibhede yezinzipho, okuyisikhumba esingaphansi kwezinzipho nezinzwane. Ukuphaphatheka kwemibhede yezinzipho kungase kubonakale uma kuqhathaniswa nombala wazo ophinki ojwayelekile.
• Ama-Mucous Membranes: Hlola umbala wolwelwesi lwamafinyila, njengaphakathi ezindebeni, izinsini, noma ulwelwesi lwamajwabu amehlo. Ukuphaphatheka kungase kubonakale nakulezi zindawo.
• Ukubukeka Okujwayelekile: Cabangela ukubukeka okuphelele komuntu ngamunye. Ukuphaphatheka kungase kuhambisane nezinye izimpawu ezifana nokukhathala, ubuthakathaka, isiyezi, ukuphelelwa umoya, noma izindawo ezibandayo.
• Umlando Wezokwelapha Nomongo: Cabangela umlando wezokwelapha womuntu, isimo samanje sempilo, nanoma yiziphi izenzakalo zamuva noma izimo ezingase zibe nomthelela ekuphaphathekeni, njengokulahlekelwa igazi, ukuphelelwa igazi, ukushaqeka, noma izimo zempilo ezingalapheki.

Kufanele Ubize Nini Udokotela?

Shayela udokotela ngokushesha uma kuba nokuphaphatheka okungazelelwe esikhumbeni. Uma isikhumba esiphaphathekile sihambisana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo, kubhekwa njenge eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha:

• Ukuphelelwa amandla
• Fever
• Kuhlanza igazi
• Ukuphuma kwegazi 
• Ubuhlungu besisu

Amakhambi Asekhaya Ukwelapha Isikhumba Esiphaphathekile 

• Ilamuna: I-Lime iyaziwa ngezindawo zayo zokuphulukisa isikhumba futhi iwumthombo omkhulu we-ascorbic acid noma i-vitamin C. Iphinde isize ekuvimbeleni ukukhiqizwa kukawoyela ngokweqile. Engeza amaconsi ambalwa ejusi ye-lime emzimbeni wakho ukukhuhla noma ukupakisha bese uyifaka esikhumbeni esiphaphathekile.
• I-Yoghurt ne-Orange Peel: Amawolintshi anezindawo zokulwa ne-antioxidant futhi aziwa ngokulapha ukuphaphatheka kwesikhumba. Faka unamathisele we-orange peel powder kanye neyogathi endaweni ethintekile. Ngokuya ngobunzima, kufanele uqale ukubona ukuthuthuka phakathi kwamaviki angama-3-4.
• Utamatisi: Utamatisi ususa amangqamuzana esikhumba afile futhi ukhuthaze isikhumba esinempilo. Zibuye zibe nenzuzo esikhumbeni esiphaphathekile. Thatha ucezu lukatamatisi, uluhlikihle endaweni ethintekile, bese usula.
• Aloe Vera: I-Aloe vera inezindawo zokulwa ne-antioxidant ezisiza ekutholeni isikhumba esithambile, esibushelelezi, nesinempilo. Iphinde ilawule umsebenzi we-tyrosinase, ogcina ukukhiqizwa kwe-melanin. I-Aloe vera yaziwa ngekhono layo lokunikeza isikhumba ukukhanya okungokwemvelo.
• I-sandalwood: I-sandalwood inezindawo zokuphulukisa zemvelo. Yenza ingxube ye-sandalwood, i-turmeric, nobisi. Yifake esikhumbeni esiphaphathekile bese uyishiya imizuzu engu-10-15. Yigeze kancane. Le nqubo ingaphinda kabili ngesonto.
• sasigaya upopo: I-papaya iyisihluzi esinamandla semvelo esincibilikisa amaprotheni angasebenzi nesikhumba esifile, okushiya isikhumba sithambile. Yenza unamathisele we-papaya bese uyifaka esikhumbeni sonke. Yiyeke imizuzu engu-3-5 bese uyihlanza kahle.

Isiphetho

Ukuphetha, isikhumba esiphaphathekile sibonakala ngokulahleka kombala futhi singabalelwa ezicini ezahlukahlukene ezifana ne-anemia, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, noma isithwathwa. Nakuba ukuphaphatheka kungase kungakhathazeki ezimweni ezithile, kunezimo lapho kungase kube yingozi futhi kube nomthelela empilweni yonke. Ngakho-ke, uma othile ehlangabezana nesikhumba esiphaphathekile, kubalulekile ukuba abonane nodokotela ukuze akhiphe noma yiziphi izimo ezibucayi ezicashile.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ingabe ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kungadala isikhumba esiphaphathekile?

Yebo, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kuyimbangela enkulu yesikhumba esiphaphathekile futhi kungaba nemiphumela emibi empilweni. Kubalulekile ukuthi uhlale unamanzi ukuze uvimbele lokhu.

2. Kusho ukuthini ukuphaphatheka?

Ukuphaphatheka kubhekisela ekubukekeni kwesikhumba okulula, okufiphele, nokungenambala. 

3. Ingabe isikhumba esiphaphathekile singajwayelekile?

Isikhumba esiphaphathekile asibhekwa njengesijwayelekile njengoba sivame ukuhlotshaniswa nezimo ezingase zibe bucayi. Kunconywa ukuthi uthintane nodokotela uma kunezimpawu zokuphaphatheka.

4. Ingabe isikhumba esiphaphathekile silungile?

Cha, isikhumba esiphaphathekile asibhekiseli ekulungeni. Kusho ukungabikho kombala esikhumbeni, nakuba kungase kubonakale kulula kunesikhumba somuntu esivamile.

5. Isikhumba esiphaphathekile siwuphawu lwani?

Isikhumba esiphaphathekile singaba uphawu lwezimo ezihlukahlukene, njenge-anemia noma i-frostbite. 

6. Ingabe isikhumba esiphaphathekile singaba mnyama?

Yebo, isikhumba esiphaphathekile singaba mnyama, kodwa kungase kuthathe isikhathi eside uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhumba esimnyama. Lapho sichayeka elangeni, isikhumba sikhiqiza i-melanin, i-pigment eyenza isikhumba sibe mnyama. Abantu abanesikhumba esiphaphathekile kudingeka baqikelele ukugwema ukushiswa yilanga ngokusebenzisa i-sunscreen kanye nokunciphisa ukuchayeka elangeni.

7. Kungani ngiba nesikhumba esiphaphathekile lapho ngigula?

Uma ugula, umzimba wakho ungase ususe igazi esikhumbeni sakho uliyise ezithweni zakho. Lokhu kungenza isikhumba sakho sibukeke siphaphathekile. Futhi, uma uphelelwe amanzi emzimbeni noma unomkhuhlane, isikhumba sakho singase sibukeke siphaphathekile futhi somile.

8. Ingabe imithambo ingabonakala esikhumbeni?

Yebo, ungabona ngezinye izikhathi imithambo ngesikhumba sakho, ikakhulukazi uma unesikhumba esilungile noma esincanyana. Lokhu kuvamile futhi kwenzeka ngoba isikhumba sincane futhi imithambo iseduze nangaphezulu. Kuphawuleka kakhulu ezindaweni ezinjengezandla, izingalo, nemilenze.

CARE Medical Team

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