Ukusangana

I-Paranoia isho umuzwa wokusongelwa, isibonelo, wokubukwa noma wenziwa ngokumelene nawo, kuyilapho bungekho ubufakazi balezo zinkolelo. Lokhu kwesaba okungaguquki nokungenangqondo kungaphazamisa ngempela impilo yomuntu ngokuba nomthelela ekuxhumaneni komphakathi kanye nempilo ejwayelekile. Imbangela enkulu ye-paranoia ayikaziwa, nokho ufuzo kusolwa ukuthi luyingxenye yesizathu. I-Paranoia ingenye yezimpawu abantu abanokuwohloka komqondo abangase bazibonise futhi ingase ibonakale nakubantu abasebenzisa izidakamizwa.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela i-paranoia kanye nokwelashwa kwayo ukuze lesi simo sikwazi ukubhekana naso ngokuphumelelayo. Le bhulogi ichaza izisekelo ze-paranoia futhi inikeza ukuqonda okwengeziwe ngayo ngendlela ecacile neqondile.

Iyini iParanoia?

I-Paranoia yisimo sempilo yengqondo esidala ukungathembani, okwenza abantu bazizwe bengenangqondo futhi belokhu bezwa sengathi abanye bamelene nabo noma bahlose ukubalimaza. Imizwa enjalo ingase isuke ekusoleni okuncane iye ekumangaleleni okubi kakhulu, okunganasisekelo, okungase kubangele ukucindezeleka okukhulu noma ukonakala kokusebenza kwansuku zonke. I-Paranoia ayisona isifo ngokwaso kodwa iwuphawu lwezinkinga eziningi zempilo yengqondo, njenge-schizophrenia, i-delusional disorder, kanye ne-paranoid personality disorder. Isimo se-paranoia singase sibe mnene noma sibe nzima futhi singaba mnene noma singapheli.

Izinhlobo zeParanoia

I-Paranoia ingabonakala ngezindlela eziningana, ngayinye enezici ezihlukene:

• Ukungathembani: Abantu abane-paranoia banezinsolo kakhulu ngezinhloso zabanye futhi bakuthola kunzima kakhulu ukwethemba abanye, nakuba bungekho ubufakazi noma obuningi obusekela le mizwa.
• Ukuzwela phakathi kwabantu: Bahumusha ulimi lwabanye kabi. Unamathisela incazelo engalungile kulokho okushiwo abanye abantu.
• Imibono yereferensi: Lezi izinkolelo ezingamanga okuthi ithuba noma izehlakalo ezingasho lutho ziphathelene nazo ngqo. Angase ahlanganise imizwa ye-paranoia.
• Ukushushiswa: Abantu abane-paranoia bakholelwa ukuthi othile noma okuthile okubaphatha kabi, ukubahlola, noma ukubalimaza noma isihlobo esiseduze noma umngane. Ungase wenze izikhalo eziphindaphindiwe kuziphathimandla zomthetho. Odokotela babheka lezi zinhlobo ze-paranoia njengenkohliso.

Izimpawu ze-Paranoia

Noma ubani angathola iziqephu ze-paranoia ezimweni ezihlukahlukene ekuphileni kwakhe; i-paranoia ibhekisela ekubonakalisweni okuqhubekayo kwezimpawu okuyimizwa engenasisekelo ye-paranoia. Ubunzima buyahlukahluka kumuntu oyedwa kuya komunye walabo abahlushwa i-paranoia futhi bungaphazamisa izici ezihlukahlukene zokuphila. Ezinye zezimpawu zihlanganisa:

• Ukungabethembi abanye; okungukuthi, inkolelo yokuthi baqonde ukulimaza noma ukuba nezisusa ezimbi.
• Ukucindezeleka njalo noma ukukhathazeka ezihlobene nezinkolelo abanazo ngabanye
• Bakwazi ukuzivikela kalula noma babe nobutha ezinsongweni ezicatshangwayo.
• Ukuhoxa emphakathini, ukwesaba ukulimala noma ingozi yokukhohliswa.
• Ukuphikelela kwezinkolelo ezingamanga ezingagxilile eqinisweni.
• Iqaphile - ayikwazi ukuphumula, ngethemba lokuthi ngeke iqokwe.
• Ukuhunyushwa kokugxeka okwakhayo njengokuhlasela komuntu siqu.

Izinkinga zeParanoia

Ukwazi izimbangela ezingenzeka ze-paranoia kungasiza okungenani ekulawuleni nasekwelapheni. Kunezizathu ezihlukahlukene, ezihlanganisa:

• I-Genetics: Abantu abanomlando wokuphazamiseka kwengqondo emndenini banamathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa i-paranoia.
• I-Brain Chemistry: Kukholelwa ukuthi ukungalingani okunjalo kumakhemikhali obuchopho, ikakhulukazi njengoba kuhilela i-dopamine, kungaholela ekucabangeni okuphambene.
• Ukucindezelwa Nokuhlukumezeka: Amazinga aphezulu okucindezeleka noma isigameko esibuhlungu singabangela imicabango nokuziphatha okuxakile.
• Ukusebenzisa kabi Izidakamizwa: Izidakamizwa ezithile, ikakhulukazi izivuseleli, ezihlanganisa i-cocaine ne-amphetamine, zingadala i-paranoia.
• Ukuphazamiseka Kwempilo Yengqondo: I-Paranoia iyisici sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okufana ne-schizophrenia, ukucindezeleka kwe-bipolar, kanye nobuntu bomngcele.

I-paranoia emaphakathi noma eqinile ingaba yinkomba yezimo zempilo yengqondo ezilandelayo:

• I-Paranoid Personality Disorder: I-PPD isho iphethini eqhubekayo yokungathembani nokusola abanye ngaphandle kwezizathu ezizwakalayo. Kukhona izinga eliphezulu lokukholelwa komuntu ukuthi abanye bahlose ukumehlisa isithunzi, ukulimaza, noma ukubasabisa.
• I-Delusional Disorder: Lokhu kuphazamiseka kwengqondo kubonakala ngokuba khona kwenkohliso, izinkolelo zamanga eziqinile ezingahlanganyelwanga abanye esikweni lomuntu noma isiko elincane.
• I-Schizophrenia: Lokhu kubonisa ukuphazamiseka okukhulu komzwelo, ukucabanga, nokwenza, mhlawumbe okuhambisana nokukhohlisa nokudideka.

I-Paranoia Itholakala Kanjani?

Ukuxilongwa kwe-paranoia kusekelwe ekuhlolweni okuphelele kochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuzohlanganisa okulandelayo:

• Ingxoxo Yomtholampilo: Udokotela uzobuza mayelana nezimpawu ze-paranoia esigulini, umlando waso wezokwelapha, nokuthi ngabe ubehlushwa yini ingcindezi yakamuva noma izehlakalo ezibuhlungu.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwengqondo: Ukuhlola okuhleliwe kanye nohlu lwemibuzo olufana ne-Paranoia Scale luzosetshenziswa ukuhlola izinga kanye nemvelo ye-paranoia.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwezempilo: Kuzokwenziwa ukuze kumiswe ukuthi inkinga ethile yezempilo yomzimba noma ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kunomthelela ekuphazamisekeni kwengqondo.
• Ukubhekwa: Yiya ekuziphatheni kwesiguli kanye nokusebenzisana kwakhe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukwelashwa

Ukwelashwa kwe-paranoia disorder kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kune-multi-dimensional, ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zesifundo ngasinye. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezijwayelekile zichazwa kanje:

• Umuthi: Ezimeni zembangela ye-paranoia ehlobene nanoma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka kwezempilo yengqondo, ukwelashwa kwayo kuzoncika ohlotsheni lokuphazamiseka kanye nobukhulu bayo. Ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa inhlanganisela yokwelapha kwengqondo nemithi efana ne-anxiolytics kanye/noma imishanguzo yokudambisa ingqondo.
• Ukwelapha: Kuzo zonke izindlela zokwelapha i-paranoia, ukwelashwa kwengqondo-yokuziphatha kuphumelela kakhulu ekuvumeleni iziguli zivuleleke ngezinselele bese zishintsha izinkolelo zazo ezingenangqondo futhi zithuthuke ngokunempilo.
• Amaqembu Okusekela: Ukujoyina iqembu losekelo kunikeza inkundla lapho abantu abaphethwe i-paranoia bekwazi ukuthola umuzwa womphakathi nokuqonda, kunciphise imizwa yokuhlukaniswa.
• Izinguquko Zendlela Yokuphila: Ukudla okunempilo okunokuzivocavoca okuvamile nokulala ngokwanele, okuhambisana namasu okulawula ukucindezeleka, kunomthelela empilweni ephakeme yengqondo kanye namazinga aphansi e-paranoia.

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela

Uma othile ebonisa izimpawu ze-paranoia, futhi ithinta impilo yansuku zonke, sekuyisikhathi sokufuna usizo oluthile lochwepheshe. Okubalulwe ngezansi ezinye zezimpawu zokuxoxa ezizophoqa umuntu ukuthi ahlangane nodokotela:

• Ukungathembani kuyaphikelela futhi kuthinta ubudlelwano.
• Ukukhathazeka nokwesaba kuvamile, kuyakhungathekisa futhi akulawuleki.
• Ukuhoxiswa komphakathi
• Ukubambelela ezinkolelweni ezingamanga ezibambelele ngokuqinile ezithinta ukusebenza kwansuku zonke.

Isiphetho

I-Paranoia yisimo esibi kakhulu futhi esikhubaza esivame ukuba nomthelela eqophelweni lempilo yomuntu ngamunye, kodwa lapho sixilongwa ngendlela efanele kanye nokwelashwa, izimpawu zaso zingalawuleka futhi zehliswe. Uma wena noma othandekayo unenkinga nge-paranoia, ungangabazi ukufuna usizo lochwepheshe. Uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu zesifo se-paranoia, finyelela komunye wochwepheshe bethu bezempilo yengqondo abanakekelayo nabasekelayo namuhla.  

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Q1. Iphathwa kanjani i-paranoia?

Izimpendulo. I-Paranoia ingaphathwa ngempumelelo ngokwelashwa okufanele, nakuba ukwelashwa okuphelele kwe-paranoia kungase kungenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi. Izinketho zokwelapha i-Paranoia zihlanganisa ukwelashwa, okufana nokwelashwa kwengqondo-yokuziphatha (CBT), imithi efana ne-antipsychotics, nezinguquko zokuphila. Ukungenelela kusenesikhathi nokunakekelwa okungaguquki kungathuthukisa kakhulu izimpawu kanye nezinga lempilo.

Q2. Ingabe i-paranoia iwuhlobo lokukhathazeka?

Izimpendulo. I-Paranoia ayilona uhlobo lokukhathazeka, kodwa ingahlotshaniswa nayo. Ukukhathazeka kuchazwa njengokukhathazeka nokwesaba ngokweqile, kanti i-paranoia ihlobene nesimo sokungathembani okungenangqondo nokusola. Ukukhathazeka kungakhuphula izinga lemicabango exakile kumuntu.

Q3. Kungani ngizizwa ngi-paranoid?

Izimpendulo. Ezinye izimbangela eziningi zingenza umuntu azizwe edidekile: ukucindezeleka, okuhlangenwe nakho okubuhlungu, noma okuyisisekelo ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo njengokukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, i-schizophrenia, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa. Lokhu kungase futhi kugqugquzelwe ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa kanye nokuntuleka kokuphumula okufanele. Uma i-paranoia iphikelela futhi ithinta impilo yakho yansuku zonke, kungabaluleka ukufuna usizo kuchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo.

Q4. Ingabe i-paranoia ingelapheka unomphela?

Izimpendulo. Nakuba i-paranoia ingelashwa ngokugcwele, ingalawulwa ngokuqinile. Ukwelashwa kwe-Paranoia disorder kungase kuhlanganise ukwelashwa kokuziphatha, ikakhulukazi ukwelashwa kwengqondo-yokuziphatha, imithi, ikakhulukazi i-antipsychotics, nokuguqulwa kwendlela yokuphila. Ukungenelela kusenesikhathi nokunakekelwa njalo kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekwenzeni ngcono izimpawu kanye nezinga lempilo.

UDkt. Mazher Ali

MBBS, MD (Psychiatry)
CARE Hospitals Outpatient Centre, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad

Ukuze Ubhukhe Isikhathi, shayela:

+ 91 40-68106529