I-Polyuria (Okukhipha Umchamo Ophakeme)

Abantu abane-polyuria bakhiqiza umchamo omningi ngokungavamile usuku ngalunye. Abantu abadala ngokuvamile abawenzi amalitha angaphezu kwama-3 omchamo emahoreni angama-24. Lokhu kuyinkinga enkulu njengoba kusho ukuthi iziguli ezine-polyuria zingase zikhiqize amalitha angu-15 ngosuku. Odokotela babheka lesi simo esikhona lapho ukuphuma komchamo kudlula amalitha angu-2.5 kuya kwangu-3 ngosuku kubantu abadala.

Iziguli eziningi zibona ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle ngesikhathi zidinga ukuvuka ebusuku ukuze zisebenzise indlu yangasese - uphawu olubizelwa odokotela i-nocturia.

Lesi sihloko sihlola incazelo ye-polyuria, izimpawu, kungani kwenzeka, kanye nezinketho zokwelapha. Abafundi bazothola ukuthi lesi simo sidinga nini ukunakwa futhi bafunde ukuthi odokotela baxilonga futhi baphathe kanjani ukuchama ngokweqile.

Iyini i-Polyuria (umchamo oweqile)?

Abantu bakhipha umchamo omningi ngesikhathi bekhipha uketshezi oluningi kunokuvamile. Inani lansuku zonke lomchamo okhishwayo lichaza i-polyuria, hhayi imvamisa yokuvakasha kokugeza. Ezinye izimo zikhombisa ukukhiqizwa okungafika ku-15 wamalitha ngosuku, kanti okukhiphayo okuvamile kusuka ku-0.8 kuya ku-2 wamalitha.

Iziguli ezinomchamo omningi zivame ukuba ne-polydipsia (ukoma okwandayo) phakathi kwezinye izimpawu. I-Polyuria isebenza njengesibonakaliso sokuqala sesifo sikashukela, okuhlala kuyimbangela evelele yalesi simo ezinganeni nakubantu abadala ngokufanayo. Indima yezinso ekusingatheni ukuphumela obala kwe-solute nokwazi ukuthi igxiliswa kanjani noma ihlanza umchamo inquma umthamo womchamo ngokuyinhloko. 

Izimpawu ze-Polyuria

Izimpawu ezijwayelekile ezikhombisa i-polyuria zifaka:

• Ukuvakashelwa okungaphezu kwesikhombisa noma okuyisishiyagalombili nsuku zonke
• Umchamo omkhulu isikhathi ngasinye
• Ukoma okungajwayelekile
• Ukuvakasha kokugezela ebusuku (nocturia)
• Umchamo ohlanzekile, ohlanjululwe (ovame ukuxhunyaniswa nokudla uketshezi oluningi)

Izinkinga ze-Polyuria 

Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus esingalawuleki siseyinkinga enkulu ngemuva kwe-polyuria. Izimbangela ezibaluleke kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• Isifo sikashukela insipidus
• Ukungena kwamanzi amaningi
• Imithi ethile (ikakhulukazi ama-diuretics)
• Ukuphazamiseka kwezinso
• Ukungalingani kwe-Electrolyte
• Ukuphuza ngokweqile ne-caffeine

Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, abesifazane baphinde bathole ukuphuma komchamo omkhulu ngenxa yezinguquko ze-hormonal.

Ingozi ye-Polyuria

Ingozi iyanda ikakhulukazi uma unokuphazamiseka kwezinzwa njengoba lezi zimo zithinta ukusebenzelana kwesistimu yezinzwa zesinye. Amadoda angaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 ane-prostate ekhulisiwe ngokuvamile abonisa lezi zimpawu.

Izinkinga ze-Polyuria

I-polyuria engalashwa iholela kwamanzi emzimbeni, ukukhathala, nokungalingani kwe-electrolyte okuyingozi. Iziguli ezinezinqubo ezifana nesifo sikashukela i-insipidus noma isifo sikashukela esingalawuleki sibhekene nengozi enkulu. Ukuvinjelwa okungalungile koketshezi kungase kubangele ukuphelelwa amanzi kakhulu kwamanzi, ukoma, noma ukufa kulezi zimo.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-Polyuria

Odokotela bazobuza mayelana nokudla kwakho uketshezi, umlando wezokwelapha kanye nemithi yamanje. Bangase futhi bacele:

• Ukuhlolwa komchamo ukuhlola ushukela, amaprotheni, noma izinto ezingajwayelekile
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukukala amazinga kashukela, ukusebenza kwezinso, kanye nebhalansi ye-electrolyte
• Ukuhlolwa kokuncishwa kwamanzi ukuze ubone ukuthi umzimba wakho usabela kanjani ekuvinjweni kwamanzi

Ukwelashwa kwe-Polyuria

Izixazululo zingabandakanya ukulungiswa kwemithi, ukwelashwa ngamahomoni noma izinguquko zendlela yokuphila ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa. Qaphela ukuthi ukulawulwa ngempumelelo kwe-polyuria kuncike ekwelapheni umsuka wayo. Iziguli eziningi ziba ngcono kakhulu uma sekuqala ukwelashwa okufanele.

Izinketho zokwelapha yilezi:

• Ukuze ulawule isifo sikashukela i-mellitus, iziguli zelulekwa ukuthi zisebenzise ukwelashwa kwe-insulin noma ziphuze imithi yomlomo ukuze zilawule amazinga kashukela.
• Ukwelapha isifo sikashukela i-insipidus, odokotela batusa ukushintshwa kwe-hormone ye-desmopressin noma banikeze izidakamizwa ezisiza izinso ukubamba emanzini.
• Ukubhekana ne-polyuria ebangelwa imithi, odokotela bayashintsha noma balungise izidakamizwa eziyinkinga. 

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela

Thola usizo lwezempilo uma ubona ukuchama kakhulu kanye nalezi zimpawu:

• Uzizwa wome kakhulu ngisho nangemva kokuphuza
• Isisindo sakho sehla ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile
• Ukudideka noma isiyezi
• Ukukhathala okukhulu noma ubuthakathaka
• Igazi emcimbini

Ukungenelela okusheshayo kusiza ukuvimbela izinkinga ezinjengokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni noma ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte okungase kuthinte imisebenzi ebalulekile yomzimba.

Isiphetho

I-Polyuria ibonisa ukuthi umzimba wakho udinga ukunakwa. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, lesi simo sithinta impilo yansuku zonke futhi siphoqa abantu ukuthi bahlele imisebenzi ezungeze ukufinyelela endlini yangasese. Abantu abayibona kusenesikhathi bangavimbela izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo. Udokotela wakho wenza izivivinyo ezithile ukuze abone imbangela yangempela ngaphambi kokuphakamisa ukwelashwa. Izixazululo zingabandakanya ukulungiswa kwemithi, ukwelashwa ngamahomoni noma izinguquko zendlela yokuphila ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa.

Umzimba wakho ukunika amasiginali abalulekile uma okuthile kungalungile. Uhambo lokugezela njalo akumele lube yinto yakho entsha evamile. Xhumana nodokotela uma ubona izinguquko ezingajwayelekile nezibonakalayo emaphethini akho okuchama. Ukuthola ukuxilongwa okufanele kungasiza ukubuyisela izinto kwesijwayelekile futhi kuthuthukise impilo yakho. 

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Kwenzekani uma umchamo uphuma kakhulu?

Kufanele uthole usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma ukuchama ngokweqile kuza noku:

• Fever
• Ukuhlungu obusemhlane
• Igazi emcimbini 
• Iqala ngokuzumayo ebuntwaneni.
• Ihlala ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbalwa 
• Iphazamisa impilo yakho yansuku zonke

2. Ingabe umchamo omningi muhle noma mubi?

Ukukhiqizwa komchamo nsuku zonke ngaphezu kwamalitha ama-3 ngokuvamile kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka. Eqinisweni, umthamo womchamo oweqile akufanele uqhubeke ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Inqubo isiza ukususa udoti, kodwa ukuchama okuningi kukhomba izinkinga zempilo ezingaba khona ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo.

3. Yiziphi izimpawu eziyisixwayiso zokuphuma komchamo?

Kufanele uthole usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma ukuchama ngokweqile kuza nomkhuhlane, ubuhlungu beqolo, igazi emchameni noma kuqala ngokuzumayo ebuntwaneni. Lesi simo sidinga ukunakwa udokotela uma sithatha izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezimbalwa noma siphazamisa ukuphila kwakho kwansuku zonke.

4. Ingabe i-polyuria ingabangela ukulimala kwezinso?

Ukuphazamiseka kwezinso ngokuvamile kubangela i-polyuria, hhayi ngenye indlela. Kepha iziguli ezikhawulela uketshezi ngokungafanele ngenkathi zine-polyuria zisengozini yokuphelelwa amanzi kakhulu noma izinkinga ze-electrolyte.

5. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-polyuria nesinye esisebenza ngokweqile?

I-Polyuria isho ukukhiqiza amanani amakhulu ngokungavamile omchamo (ngaphezu kwamalitha ama-3 ngosuku). An isinye esisebenza ngokweqile, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubangela inkanuko engazelelwe, enamandla yokuchama ngisho nalapho kunomchamo omncane. Umehluko oyinhloko ngobuningi kanye nokuphuthuma. I-Polyuria ihlobene nokuthi umuntu udala umchamo ongakanani, kuyilapho esinyeni esisebenza ngokweqile sihilela indlela umuntu azizwa ngayo isidingo sokuchama.

UDkt. Sushanth Kulkarni

MBBS, MS, Mch
CARE Hospitals, HITEC City, Hyderabad

Ukuze Ubhukhe Isikhathi, shayela:

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