Izikhwama

Ama-shingles, ngokwezokwelapha aziwa ngokuthi i-herpes zoster, yi-a ukutheleleka ngegciwane. Lesi sikhunta, igciwane le-varicella-zoster, lingabangela ukuqubuka okubuhlungu, okunamabhamuza. Nakuba kungase kubonakale kuyisimo esiqondile, ama-shingles angaba nomthelela omkhulu ngokomzwelo nangokomzimba kulabo abathintekile. Le bhulogi ebanzi ihlose ukunikeza ukuqonda okujulile kwama-shingles, izimpawu zawo, izizathu ze-shingles, izici eziyingozi, kanye nokwelashwa okuphumelelayo okuhlukahlukene okutholakalayo ukuphatha lesi simo. 

Ayini Ama-shingles?

Ama-shingles abangelwa i-varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Leli yigciwane elifanayo elibangela inkukhu. Uma umuntu enomlando we-chickenpox, i-varicella-zoster virus ingase ihlale endaweni inzwa izicubu zomuntu onegciwane esiteji esithule iminyaka. Ama-shingles ayenzeka lapho igciwane liqala ukusebenza, ngokuvamile ngenxa yobuthakathaka bokuzivikela komzimba, ukucindezeleka, noma ukuguga. 

Isici esiyinhloko sama-shingles ukuqubuka okubuhlungu, okunamabhamuza. Lokhu kuqubuka kuvame ukuba khona ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba noma ebusweni, kulandela indlela yenzwa ethintekile. Ngaphambi kokuba kuvele amabhamuza, ukuqubuka kungahambisana nokuluma, ukulunywa, noma ukuzwa okuvuthayo. 

Izimpawu ze-Shingles

Izimpawu ze-shingles zingahluka ngobunzima kumuntu nomuntu, kodwa ezinye izimpawu ezivamile zihlanganisa: 

• Ubuhlungu, esivuthayo noma ukuzwa ukushoshozela engxenyeni ethile yomzimba kuphakathi kwezimpawu zokuqala ze-shingles 
• Rash noma amabhamuza avela kuphethini efana nebhande noma yemigqa ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba 
• Umkhuhlane, amakhaza, kanye bekhanda 
• Ukukhathala kungenye yezimpawu zokuqala ze-shingles 
• Itching noma ukuzwela ukuthinta endaweni ethintekile 
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha noma ukukhubazeka (ezimweni ezingavamile) 

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ubuhlungu obuhlobene nama-shingles bungase buqine futhi bungaphikelela ngisho nangemva kokuba ukuqubuka sekupholile (i-postherpetic neuralgia (PHN)). 

Yini Ebangela Ama-shingles?

Ukwenziwa kusebenze kwegciwane le-varicella-zoster (VZV) elalithule ngaphambili kuyimbangela ehamba phambili yama-shingles. Ngemva kokululama ku-chickenpox, leli gciwane lingahlala lingasebenzi emangqamuzaneni ezinzwa iminyaka noma ngisho namashumi eminyaka. Kodwa-ke, kwabanye abantu, leli gciwane lingaphinda lisebenze ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene, njenge:

• Ubudala: Amathuba okuba nama-shingles ayanda njengoba abantu bekhula, ikakhulukazi ngemva kweminyaka engama-50. 
• Amasosha omzimba antekenteke: Izifo ezihlukahlukene ezenza amasosha omzimba abe buthaka, njenge-HIV/AIDS, umdlavuza, noma imithi ethile (isib., ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, ama-steroids), kungandisa amathuba okuba ne-shingles. 
• Ukucindezeleka: Amazinga aphezulu ukucindezeleka ingacindezela amasosha omzimba, okwenza abantu babe sengozini yokuvuselelwa kwegciwane. 
• Izimo ezithile zezokwelapha: Izifo ezifana nokuphazamiseka kwe-autoimmune, isifo sikashukela, nomdlavuza zingandisa amathuba okuba nama-shingles. 
• Ukulimala noma ukuhlukumezeka: Ukulimala kwemizwa noma izimpande zezinzwa kungabangela ukuvuselelwa kwegciwane. 

Uyombona Nini Udokotela?

Ukubonana nodokotela kubalulekile uma usola ukuthi unama-shingles. Ukuxilongwa ngesikhathi nokuphatha kunganciphisa ubunzima bezimpawu kanye nethuba lezinkinga. Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nalokhu okulandelayo: 

• Ukuqubuka noma amabhamuza ahambisana nobuhlungu, ukuluma, noma ukuvutha Fever, amakhaza, noma umuzwa ovamile wokungaphatheki kahle 
• Ukuqubuka noma amabhamuza eduze kwamehlo, njengoba lokhu kungaholela ezinkingeni nasezinkingeni zokubona 
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu obungabangela ukungalali kahle noma ukuphazamisa imisebenzi yansuku zonke 

Izinkinga

Nakuba ama-shingles ngokuvamile kuyisimo sokuzibekela imingcele, ngezinye izikhathi kungase kubangele izinkinga eziningana ezinzima. Lezi zinkinga zihlanganisa: 

• I-Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN): Lena inkinga evame kakhulu ye-shingles. I-PHN ibonakala njengobuhlungu obuqhubekayo, obunzima endaweni ethintekile. Umuntu angase ezwe lobu buhlungu ngisho nangemva kokuba ukuqhuma sekupholile. 
• Izinkinga zombono: Uma ukuqubuka kuvela eduze kwamehlo, kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinjengokuvuvukala kwe-cornea, umbono ukulahlekelwa, noma ngisho nokungaboni. 
• Izifo zesikhumba ezibangelwa amagciwane: Amabhamuza ahlobene nama-shingles angangenwa igciwane, okuholela ku-cellulitis noma ezinye izifo zesikhumba. 
• Izinkinga zemizwa: Ezimweni ezingavamile, ama-shingles angabangela izinkinga eziningana zemizwa, njengokukhubazeka, i-encephalitis (ukuvuvukala kobuchopho), noma i-meningitis (ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi oluzungeze ubuchopho nomgogodla). 

Ukuvimbela Ama-shingles

Nakuba ingekho indlela eqinisekisiwe yokuvimbela ama-shingles, kunezinyathelo ezimbalwa ezingasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi, kuhlanganise: 

• Ukugoma: Ama-shingles ukugoma, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Shingrix, iyanconywa kubantu abadala abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50. Lo mgomo ungavimbela ama-shingles futhi unciphise amathuba okuba nezinkinga zawo. 
• Ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba: Ukugcina indlela yokuphila esebenzayo, ukuzijwayeza ukulawula ingcindezi, nokuphumula okuningi kungaqinisa amasosha akho omzimba futhi kunciphise nengozi yokuvuselelwa kwegciwane. 
• Imithi elwa namagciwane: Odokotela bangase banikeze imithi elwa namagciwane ukusiza ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwama-shingles kubantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka. 

Sifo

Ukuxilongwa kwe-shingles kuhilela ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba nokubuyekezwa komlando wezokwelapha wesiguli. Udokotela uzohlola ukuqubuka kwesici futhi ahlole ukusatshalaliswa kwamabhamuza, avame ukulandela indlela yenzwa ethile. Kwesinye isikhathi, odokotela bangase benze izivivinyo ezengeziwe, njengokuhlolwa kwe-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) noma isiko legciwane, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxilongwa. 

Ukwelashwa

Ukwelashwa kwe-shingles kuhloswe ukunciphisa izimpawu, ukuvimbela izinkinga, nokukhuthaza ukuphulukiswa. Ubude besikhathi sokwelashwa kwama-shingles bungase buhluke kuye ngobunzima bokutheleleka. Okulandelayo ezinye zezindlela zokwelapha ezijwayelekile: 

Imithi elwa namagciwane: Imithi elwa namagciwane inganciphisa ubulukhuni kanye nobude bezimpawu ze-shingles, ikakhulukazi uma iqalwe phakathi namahora angu-72 okuqala kuvela ukuqubuka. 
Ukuphatha ubuhlungu: Imithi yobuhlungu etholakala ngaphandle kwekhawunta noma kadokotela ingasiza ekulawuleni ubuhlungu obuhlobene nama-shingles. 

• Ukwelapha ngezihloko: I-Calamine lotion, ukuminyanisa okupholile, noma okhilimu abababalayo kungasiza ekwehliseni ukulunywa nokungakhululeki okubangelwa ukuqubuka. 
• I-Corticosteroids: Odokotela ngezinye izikhathi bangase banikeze i-corticosteroids ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala nobuhlungu, ikakhulukazi uma ukuqubuka kuhilela amehlo noma ezinye izindawo ezibucayi. 
• Ama-anticonvulsants noma ama-antidepressants: Odokotela bangakwazi futhi ukubeka le mithi yokuphatha i-neuralgia ye-postherpetic (PHN), inkinga ebonakala ngobuhlungu obuqhubekayo, obunzima ngemva kokuba ukuqubuka kupholile. 

Isiphetho

Ama-shingles yisifo esibuhlungu futhi esingase sibe buthakathaka esithinta kakhulu inhlalakahle yomuntu engokomzimba nengokomzwelo. Ukuqonda izimbangela, izimpawu, izici zobungozi, kanye nokwelashwa okutholakalayo kubalulekile ekulawuleni ngempumelelo nasekuvimbeleni izinkinga. Ngokufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha, ngokulandela ukwelashwa okunconyiwe kwe-shingles, kanye nokuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela, abantu ngabanye banganciphisa ubukhali be-shingles futhi bathuthukise ikhwalithi yabo yonke yokuphila. Uma usola ukuthi une-shingles noma unokukhathazeka mayelana nobungozi bakho, sikukhuthaza ukuthi uxhumane nochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo. 

FAQ sika

1. Iyini imbangela ehamba phambili yama-shingles?

Isizathu esiyinhloko sama-shingles ukuvuselelwa kwegciwane le-varicella-zoster (VZV), elihlala lisesimweni sokungasebenzi kumangqamuzana ezinzwa zomuntu onomlando wenkukhu. Kwabanye abantu, leli gciwane lingase liqale ukusebenza kamuva ekuphileni ngenxa yezinto ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukuguga, amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka, ukucindezeleka, kanye nezimo ezithile zezokwelapha. 

2. I-shingles izohlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Ubude be-shingles bungahluka, kodwa izimo eziningi zixazulula phakathi kwamaviki ama-3 kuya kwangu-5. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangase babe nobuhlungu obungapheli noma izinkinga, njenge-postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), ezingase ziqhubeke izinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka ngemva kokuphola kwama-shingles. 

3. Kungani ama-shingles ebuhlungu kangaka?

Ama-shingles avame ukuhambisana nokuvutha okukhulu noma ubuhlungu bokuluma ngenxa yegciwane elithinta imizwa. Ubuhlungu bungaba nzima ngoba igciwane liyabangela 
ukuvuvukala nokulimala kwezinzwa, okuholela ekudlulisweni kwezimpawu zobuhlungu obukhulu ku- Ubuchopho. 

4. Avame kangakanani ama-shingles?

Ama-shingles yisimo esivamile uma kuqhathaniswa, esithinta cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabathathu ekuphileni kwabo. Ama-shingles ukutheleleka kuvame kakhulu kubantu asebekhulile, okuvame kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50. 

5. Ubani osengcupheni yokuthola ama-shingles?

Nakuba noma ubani oke waba nomlando we-chickenpox angaba nokutheleleka kwe-shingles, izici ezithile zingandisa ingozi yomuntu, kuhlanganise: 

• Ingozi ye-shingles ikhula kakhulu ngemva kweminyaka engama-50. 
• Izimo noma ukwelashwa okwenza buthaka amasosha omzimba, njenge-HIV/AIDS, umdlavuza, imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, noma ukusetshenziswa kwe-steroid isikhathi eside, kungandisa ingozi ye-shingles. Ukucindezeleka okungamahlalakhona kungathinta kakhulu ukungatheleleki, kwenze abantu babe sengozini yokuvuselelwa yigciwane. 
• Izimo ezithile zezokwelapha ezifana nesifo sikashukela, ukuphazamiseka kwe-autoimmune, nomdlavuza zingaholela ekwandeni kokungenwa yi-shingles. 

CARE Medical Team

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