Ububomvu besikhumba

Ukuba bomvu kwesikhumba wukukhathazeka okuvamile okuthinta abantu abaningi, okubangela ukungakhululeki nokuzicabangela. Lesi sibonakaliso esibonakalayo sokucasuka singabangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ekugugeni okuncane kuya kwezimo zesikhumba ezinzima kakhulu. Ukuqonda izimbangela kanye nezixazululo ezitholakalayo zokuphatha kubalulekile kulabo abafuna ukunciphisa ububomvu besikhumba futhi bathole ibala elicacile.

Ake sihlole izimpawu, izimbangela, kanye nokwelashwa kokubomvu kwesikhumba. Ihlola izici eziyingozi ezingase zandise amathuba okuba umuntu abe nesikhumba esibomvu, esilumayo futhi iveze izindlela zokuxilonga ezisetshenziswa odokotela. 

Izimbangela Zokubomvu Kwesikhumba

Izinto ezihlukahlukene zingabangela ukubomvu kwesikhumba, njenge: 

• Ukuchayeka Kwezitshalo: Ukuthintana nezitshalo ezicasulayo ezifana ne-poison ivy, i-poison oak, ne-poison sumac
• Izimo Zemvelo: Ukuchayeka emazingeni okushisa adlulele, ikakhulukazi ukushisa nokukhanya kwelanga, kungabangela ukushiswa yilanga noma ukuqubuka kokushisa. Ukuchayeka emisebeni ye-ultraviolet (UV) eyingozi ekhona ekukhanyeni kwelanga kuyimbangela ephawulekayo, ebangela ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative kanye namaseli esikhumba alimazayo. Ukungcola nokukhishwa kwezimoto kuye kwaxhunyaniswa nokwanda kwezehlakalo zesikhumba sobuso esizwela ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemadolobheni.
• Ukungezwani Nomzimba: Izinto ezihlukahlukene zingabangela ukungezwani komzimba, okuhlanganisa ukudla okuthile, imithi, noma izinto ezingezwani nemvelo. Ukungezwani komzimba kungase kubonakale njengezilonda, i-angioedema, noma i-eczema, konke okuhlanganisa isikhumba esibomvu, esilumayo.
• Amagciwane: 
  • Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane njenge-cellulitis zibangela ubuhlungu, ukuvuvukala, isikhumba esibomvu esisakazeka ngokushesha
  • izifo fungal njengama-ringworm kubangela imihuzuko eyindilinga, enamabala anemingcele ephakanyisiwe. 
  • Ukutheleleka ngegciwane like shingles kungabangela ukuqubuka okubuhlungu, okunamabhamuza.
• Izimo Zesikhumba Ezingamahlalakhona: Izifo zesikhumba ziyimbangela evamile yokuphikelela kokubomvu kwesikhumba. 
  • I-Rosacea ibangela ukuguquguquka kobuso nokukhuphuka, amaqhubu abomvu adlula emijikelezweni yokufiphala kanye nokuphinda kuqubuke. 
  • psoriasis kuholela ekuthuthukiseni amabala abomvu, ama-scaly esikhumbeni. 
  • I-eczema ibangela isikhumba esibomvu, esilumayo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi esinamabhamuza.

Izimpawu Zokubomvu Kwesikhumba

Ububomvu besikhumba bubonakala ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, ngokuvamile ezihambisana nezimpawu ezengeziwe ezingabangela ukungakhululeki nokukhathazeka:

• Ukuguquguquka kwesikhumba noma ububomvu isikhathi esifushane
• Kwezinye izimo, ububomvu besikhumba bungathuthukela ku-erythema, isimo esibeleselayo esifana nokungaboni ngaso linye noma ukushiswa yilanga okungabuni. 
• Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imithambo yegazi esikhumbeni ingase inwetshwe unomphela futhi ibonakale, isimo esaziwa ngokuthi i-telangiectasia.
• Amabhamuza abomvu, alumayo ahambisana namabhamuza agcwele uketshezi, isifuba, noma isikhumba esomile, esinamaxolo
• Izindawo ezithintekile zingase zizwe zithambile noma zibe nomuzwa ovuthayo noma olumayo.
• Ukwakheka kwamabala aphakanyisiwe, ama-scaly noma amaqoqo amaqhubu amancane, aphakanyisiwe 
• Ukucwecwa kwesikhumba 
• Izinguquko ekuthunjweni kwesikhumba (singaba mahhadlahhadla noma sibe namapheshana)
• Ukuvuvukala, ubuhlungu, noma ukukhula kwama-pustules

Izingozi Zezingozi

Kunezici ezimbalwa ezingakhuphula ukuthambekela komuntu ukuba bomvu kwesikhumba, njenge: 

• I-Genetic Predisposition: Abantu abanomlando womndeni wezimo zesikhumba ezifana ne-eczema noma i-rosacea kungenzeka ukuthi babe nesikhumba esibomvu, esilumayo. 
• Ingozi Yomsebenzi: Abantu abasebenza ezimbonini ezifana nezolimo, ezobuhle, ezokukhiqiza amakhemikhali, ukuhlanza, ezokwakha, nokunakekelwa kwezempilo bavame ukuchayeka ezintweni ezicasulayo kanye nezinto ezingezwani nezifo ezingadala ukusabela kwesikhumba. 
• Izici Zendlela Yokuphila: Ukucindezeleka kukhonjwe njengesibangeli esibalulekile sezimo zesikhumba ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa nokuqubuka kwe-rosacea. Izinketho ezithile zokudla zingabangela imithambo yegazi esikhumbeni ukuba ivuleke, okuholela ekubeni bomvu. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukudla okubabayo, iziphuzo ezishisayo, notshwala, ikakhulukazi iwayini elibomvu.
• Izimo Zesikhumba Ezikhona Ngaphambili: Izimo ezithile zesikhumba, njenge-Atopic eczema, zingandisa ubungozi bomuntu ku-dermatitis yokuxhumana ecasulayo, zenze isikhumba sisabele kakhulu ezintweni ezingase zibe yizicucu kanye nemizamo enzima yokunciphisa ububomvu besikhumba.

Ukuxilongwa Kobubomvu Besikhumba

Ukuxilongwa kokubomvu kwesikhumba kuhilela ukuhlolwa okuphelele kukadokotela. 

• Umlando Wezokwelapha: Udokotela angase abuze mayelana nemisebenzi yakamuva, imithi emisha noma imikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwesikhumba, umlando womndeni wezimo zesikhumba, nokuvela kwangaphambilini kokubomvu kwesikhumba. Odokotela bangase babuze ngezimpawu ezihambisana naso, njengokuthi ukulunywa, ukuvutha, noma ubuhlungu.
• Ukuhlolwa Komtholampilo: Odokotela benza ukuhlola okuphelele kwendawo ethintekile. Phakathi nalokhu kuhlolwa, udokotela uhlola uhlobo lokushintsha kwesikhumba, ephawula izici ezifana nombala, ukuthungwa, imingcele, ubukhulu, ukusatshalaliswa, ukuma, nendawo emzimbeni. 
• Ukuhlola Okwengeziwe: Odokotela bangenza ezinye izivivinyo ukuze baqinisekise ukuxilongwa. I-biopsy yesikhumba ingasiza ekuhloleni ukuba khona kwamagciwane, amagciwane, noma okunye okungavamile. 
• Ukuhlolwa kokungezwani komzimba (ukuhlaba kwesikhumba noma ukuhlolwa kwe-patch) kusiza ukuhlonza izinto ezithile ezingezwani nezifo ezibangela isikhumba esibomvu sokuluma.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungasiza futhi ukuhlonza izimo ezithile zesikhumba, ikakhulukazi lezo ezibangelwa amasosha omzimba ajikelezayo noma izifo zesistimu. 
• Izisetshenziswa eziyisipesheli: Odokotela bangasebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile njengengilazi yokusondeza noma i-dermatoscope ukuze bathole ukuxilongwa okunembile. Ngezinye izikhathi, bangase bacindezele i-spatula yengilazi esikhumbeni ukuze baveze umbala waso wangempela ngokukhipha igazi okwesikhashana emithanjeni yegazi.

Ukwelashwa Ngokubomvu Kwesikhumba

Ukwelashwa kokubomvu kwesikhumba kuncike kumbangela kanye nobukhulu bezimpawu, okuhlanganisa: 

• Ezimweni ezibucayi, izinyathelo zokuzinakekela kanye namakhambi atholakala ngaphandle kwekhawunta kungase kwanele. Lokhu kungahlanganisa ukugwema izinto ezibangeli ezikhonjiwe, ezifana notshwala noma i-caffeine, nokusebenzisa okhilimu noma amajeli ukuze kwehliswe ububomvu nokuluma.
• Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, udokotela wesikhumba angase anikeze imithi ethile. Ukwelashwa kwezihloko, okufana namafutha okugcoba noma amajeli, kunganciphisa ngempumelelo ububomvu bobuso obubangelwa i-rosacea. 
• Ezimweni lapho ukutheleleka kubangela ukubomvu kwesikhumba, odokotela bangase banikeze ama-antibiotics ukunciphisa izimpawu. Ukuze uthole ukungezwani komzimba, ama-antihistamine angasiza ekunciphiseni ukucasuka nokuluma.
• Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, odokotela bangase banikeze ama-antibiotics ukuze asuse ama-pustules noma imithi efana ne-clonidine ne-beta-blockers ukusiza ukuphatha ukushaywa kanye nokunciphisa ukubomvu kwesikhumba.
• Ukwelashwa kwe-Laser & intense pulsed light (IPL) kungazuzisa ububomvu obuqhubekayo kanye nemithambo yegazi ebonakalayo. Lezi zinqubo ziqondisa imithambo enwetshiwe, iyenze ishwabane futhi ingabonakali. 

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela

Nakuba ububomvu besikhumba obuncane buvama ukuzixazulula ngokwako, izimo ezithile zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha, okufana nalokhu: 

• Uma isikhumba sabo esibomvu, esilumayo siqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbalwa noma siphinde sivele
• Uma ukuqubuka kusakazeka ngokushesha, kuhlanganisa izindawo ezinkulu zomzimba, noma kuvele ngokuzumayo.
• Izimpawu ezinzima ezihambisana nokuba bomvu kwesikhumba zidinga ukuhlolwa kodokotela ngokushesha. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuphefumula kanzima, ubuhlungu obukhulu, noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi. 
• Uma ububomvu buba namabhamuza, izilonda ezivulekile, noma kunezimpawu zokutheleleka. 
• Isikhumba esinegciwane ngokuvamile sibonakala sifudumele futhi sivuvukele futhi singase sikhiqize ubomvu obuphuzi. 
• Ububomvu obuseduze noma obuthinta amehlo, obungase bube nomthelela ekuboneni, budinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo.
• Ezimeni lapho ububomvu besikhumba buvela ngokulunywa yisilwane, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kuyadingeka.

Prevention

Ukuvimbela ukubomvu kwesikhumba kuhilela ukukhomba nokugwema izinto ezibangela ukuqubuka, njenge:

• Ukuchayeka elangeni kuyimbangela ephawulekayo kwabaningi, ngakho-ke nsuku zonke ukusebenzisa i-sunscreen emnene, ebanzi ene-Sun Protection Factor (SPF) yamashumi amathathu noma ngaphezulu kungaba yinzuzo. 
• Ukulawula ingcindezi kudlala indima ebalulekile ekwehliseni ububomvu besikhumba. Imisebenzi eqeda ingcindezi efana ne-tai chi, ukuzindla, noma ukujoyina iqembu losekelo kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuqubuka. 
• Ukugwema amazinga okushisa aphezulu kubalulekile ukuze unciphise ububomvu besikhumba. 
• Izinketho ezithile zokudla zingadala ububomvu besikhumba. Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala, ikakhulukazi iwayini elibomvu, nokukhetha izinhlobo ezithambile zokudla okubabayo kungasiza. 
• Ukukhetha imikhiqizo efanelekile yokunakekelwa kwesikhumba kubalulekile ekwelapheni isikhumba esibomvu. Ukugwema imikhiqizo equkethe izinto ezicasulayo njenge-menthol, i-camphor, noma i-sodium lauryl sulphate kungasiza ekugcineni impilo yesikhumba. 

Isiphetho

Ukuqonda nokulawula ububomvu besikhumba kuba nomthelela omkhulu kokubili ukunethezeka ngokomzimba kanye nokuphila kahle ngokomzwelo. Isihluthulelo sokunciphisa ububomvu besikhumba sisekuhlanganisweni kokunakekelwa okufanele kwesikhumba, ukulungiswa kwendlela yokuphila, kanye nezeluleko zochwepheshe bezokwelapha lapho kudingeka. Abantu bangakwazi ukulawula impilo yesikhumba sabo ngokusebenzisa izinyathelo zokuvimbela nokulandela ukwelashwa okufanele kwesikhumba esibomvu. Khumbula, ukubomvu kwesikhumba okuqhubekayo noma okunzima kufanele kubangele ukuvakashela kudokotela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxilongwa okufanele nokunakekelwa okuhambisanayo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Nginganciphisa kanjani ububomvu esikhumbeni sami?

Amasu amaningana angasiza ekunciphiseni ukubomvu kwesikhumba, njenge: 

• Sebenzisa izinto zokuhlanza ezithambile, ezingashisi. 
• Khetha imikhiqizo equkethe izithako ezipholile ezifana ne-colloidal oatmeal, enezici zemvelo ezivumela ukubomvu okuzolile futhi ezifanela isikhumba esithambile. 
• I-hyaluronic acid ingesinye isithako esizuzisayo, njengoba ifaka amanzi esikhunjeni futhi inezindawo zokulwa nokuvuvukala ezinciphisa ububomvu ngokusobala.
• I-Niacinamide iphumelela kakhulu eczema, i-rosacea, kanye nezinhlobo zesikhumba ezithandwa yizinduna, njengoba yehlisa ukuvuvukala ngenkathi ithoni yesikhumba sakusihlwa. 

2. Yikuphi ukuntuleka kwamavithamini okubangela isikhumba esibomvu?

Nakuba ukuntuleka kwamavithamini kungathinta impilo yesikhumba, akukho ukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi kokuntuleka kwevithamini okuthile kanye nesikhumba esibomvu. Nokho, ukushoda kukavithamini B12 kungabangela izinkinga ezihlukahlukene zesikhumba, kuhlanganise ne-hyperpigmentation kanye vitiligo. Ukuntuleka kwe-Vitamin D kungase kube nomthelela ekuvuvukeni kwesikhumba, kubonakale njengobomvu. Ukwengeza, ukushoda kwe-zinc kungabangela izinkinga zesikhumba njengokuqhekeka nokuqhekeka kanye nokuqubuka njenge-dermatitis, engase ivele ngokubabomvu.

3. Ngisimisa kanjani isikhumba sami ukuthi singashintshi sibebomvu?

Ukuze ugweme isikhumba ukuthi singashintshi sibebomvu, kubalulekile ukukhomba nokugwema izinto ezibangisayo. 

• Ukuchayeka elangeni kuyisici esibalulekile, ngakho ukusebenzisa i-sunscreen ene-SPF engaphezu kuka-30 nsuku zonke kubalulekile. 
• Ukugwema amazinga okushisa aphakeme kanye nokunciphisa ukuphuza utshwala, ikakhulukazi iwayini elibomvu, kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuqubuka komlilo. 
• Ukwamukela amasu okulawula ukucindezeleka (ukuzindla noma ukuvivinya umzimba okujulile kokuphefumula) nakho kunganciphisa ububomvu besikhumba obubangelwa ukucindezeleka.

4. Ingabe inhlaba ilungele ukuba bomvu?

I-Aloe vera ingaba wusizo esikhumbeni esibomvu ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zokulwa nokuvuvukala. Inomphumela wokupholisa ekuqubukeni nasekushisweni yilanga, isiza ekudambiseni ubuhlungu, ukuvuvuka, kanye nobuhlungu bezilonda noma ukulimala. Ijeli ye-aloe vera ingasetshenziswa ngokukhululekile ngesikhathi sokuqubuka ukuze kudambise ububomvu kanye nomuzwa ovuthayo ohambisana nezimo ezifana ne-rosacea.

Dr. Bhavana Nukala

I-MBBS, MD (DVL)
CARE Hospitals, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad

Ukuze Ubhukhe Isikhathi, shayela:

+ 91 40-68106529

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