Inhliziyo Engasheshi

Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okunensayo, ngokwezokwelapha okwaziwa nge-bradycardia, kwenzeka lapho ukushaya kwenhliziyo kungaphansi izikhathi ezingamashumi ayisithupha ngomzuzu. Lesi simo singasukela ekushayeni kwenhliziyo okunensa kuye kokunensa kakhulu isilinganiso senhliziyo, ezithinta abantu babo bonke ubudala. Nakuba ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuphansi kungase kungabonisi inkinga ngaso sonke isikhathi, kubalulekile ukuqonda izimbangela zayo ezingase zibe khona kanye nemiphumela kuyo yonke impilo.

Le ndatshana ingena emhlabeni wokushaya kwenhliziyo okunensayo, ihlola izimpawu zawo, izimbangela, nokwelashwa okutholakalayo. Sizohlola ukuthi kungani abanye abantu bethola ukushaya kwenhliziyo okunensa kakhulu ukuthi bangakhululeka futhi sixoxe ngezinto ezihlukahlukene ezingaholela kulesi simo. Ukwengeza, sizobheka ukuthi odokotela baxilonga kanjani i-bradycardia kanye nemithi ehlukene esiza ukuthuthukisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo. 

Liyini Isilinganiso Senhliziyo Ephansi (Bradycardia)?

I-Bradycardia, ethathwe emagameni esiGreki asho “inhliziyo enensayo,” yisimo lapho inhliziyo ishaya izikhathi ezingaphansi kuka-60 ngomzuzu. Nakuba izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo lomuntu omdala ovamile lingama-60 kuya kwangu-100 ngemizuzwana engamashumi ayisithupha noma ukushaya ngomzuzu (BPM), i-bradycardia ingenzeka ezimeni ezihlukahlukene. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuhamba kancane kakhulu akusona isizathu sokukhathazeka ngaso sonke isikhathi. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokulala okujulile noma kubantu abaphilile ngokomzimba, ikakhulukazi abasubathi, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungaphansi kuka-60 bpm kungaba yinto evamile. Kodwa-ke, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okunensayo kakhulu kungase kubonise izinkinga zenhliziyo ezicashile uma ungasebenzi ngokomzimba. I-Bradycardia iba yinkinga engathi sína lapho inhliziyo ingakwazi ukumpompa igazi elinomoya-mpilo ngenani elanele ukuze lihlangabezane nezidingo zomzimba, okungase kuholele ezinkingeni.

Izimpawu Zokushaya Kwenhliziyo Ephansi

Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okunensayo akuhlali kubangela izimpawu, ikakhulukazi kubantu abaphilile ngokomzimba. Nokho, kungase kubonakale izimpawu ezihlukahlukene lapho inhliziyo ingakwazi ukumpompa igazi eligcwele umoya-mpilo owanele. Lokhu kungafaka: 

• Ubuhlungu besifuba, ngokuvamile obubizwa ngokuthi i-angina
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele ngokwedlulele
• Umuzwa ophaphazelayo (Ukushaya kwenhliziyo) esifubeni 
• Ukuphelelwa umoya 
• isiyezi
• Ikhanda elikhanyayo noma ukuquleka
• Izinkinga zenkumbulo noma ukudideka
• Ukubunzima ukugxila
• Izinguquko zobuntu, njengokucasuka noma ukuyaluza, nazo zingathuthuka. Lezi zimpawu zibangelwa ukuthi ukushaya kwenhliziyo okunensayo kuyithinta kanjani inhliziyo nobuchopho. 

Izimbangela Zokushaya Kwenhliziyo Okunensa

Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okunensayo kungabangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene, njenge: 

• Izinkinga ngenodi ye-sinoatrial (SA), i-pacemaker yemvelo yenhliziyo, ngokuvamile iholela ku-bradycardia. 
• Izinkinga ezindleleni zenhliziyo zingavimbela amandla kagesi ukuba adlule kahle phakathi kwamagumbi, okuholela ekushayeni kwenhliziyo kancane. 
• Ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi lwenhliziyo olungaphakathi (i-endocarditis), imisipha yenhliziyo (i-myocarditis), noma isikhwama se-pericardial (pericarditis) nakho kungaholela ekushayeni kwenhliziyo kancane.
• Izinkinga ze-metabolic ezifana ne-hypothyroidism nazo zinomthelela ekushayeni kwenhliziyo. 
• Ukulimala kwenhliziyo ngenxa yokuguga, izifo, noma ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kungabangela ukushaya kwenhliziyo kancane. 
• Imithi ethile yenhliziyo ingase ibangele i-bradycardia njengomphumela omubi. 
• Ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo yokuzalwa kanye nokutheleleka kwezicubu zenhliziyo, okwaziwa nge-myocarditis, nakho kungaholela ekushayeni kwenhliziyo kancane. 
• Ezinye izimbangela zifaka:
  • Ukungalingani kwamakhemikhali egazini
  • I-apnea yokulala yokuvimbela
  • Umkhuhlane we-rheumatic, i-lupus noma ezinye izifo ezivuthayo
  • Izinkinga zokudla njenge-anorexia nervosa
  • Ukuntuleka kwama-electrolyte, njenge-magnesium, i-calcium, ne-potassium
  • Ukwelashwa kwamafutha

Izingozi Zezingozi

Izinto ezingakhuphula amathuba okushaya kwenhliziyo kancane yizi:

• Iminyaka yobudala idlala indima ebalulekile, lapho i-bradycardia ivame kakhulu kubantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65. Njengoba abantu bekhula, ukushaya kwenhliziyo yabo ngokwemvelo kuyehla. 
• Izimo ezithile zezokwelapha nazo ziphakamisa ingozi, kuhlanganise nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo senhliziyo, kanye ne-hypothyroidism. 
• Izinketho zendlela yokuphila engenampilo njengokubhema, ukusetshenziswa kotshwala obuningi, nokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni kungaba nomthelela ekushayeni kwenhliziyo kancane. 
• Ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka kungase kube nomthelela. 
• Eminye imithi, ikakhulukazi leyo esetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo zenhliziyo, inganciphisa izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo njengomphumela oseceleni. 
• Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abantu abakhuthele kakhulu ngokomzimba bangase babe nokushaya kwenhliziyo kancane ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwenhliziyo yabo. Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo lwe-bradycardia ngokuvamile alubangeli izinkinga zempilo.

Izinkinga

Uma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okunensayo kuqhubeka ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufanele, kungaholela ezinkingeni (ngezinye izikhathi ezisongela ukuphila), njenge: 

• Ukungakwazi kwenhliziyo ukumpompa igazi ngenani elanele kuwo wonke umzimba kungase kubangele ukuquleka njalo, okubangela ingozi yokulimala ngokuwa. 
• Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuhamba kancane kungase kuthuthukele ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo, lapho inhliziyo idonsa kanzima ukuze ihlangabezane nezimfuneko zokwenza umoya-mpilo emzimbeni. Mhlawumbe inkinga eshaqisayo kakhulu ukuthi kungenzeka ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo kungazelelwe noma ngisho nokufa. 

Ukuxilongwa Kwezinga Lenhliziyo Enensayo

Ukuhlonza ukushaya kwenhliziyo okunensayo kuhilela ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene. Odokotela ngokuvamile baqala ngokuhlolwa ngokomzimba, ukukala izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo nomfutho wegazi. 

• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG noma i-EKG): I-ECG ukuhlolwa okuyinhloko okusetshenziselwa ukurekhoda ukusebenza kukagesi wenhliziyo nokubona i-bradycardia. 
• Ukuqapha kwe-Holter: Odokotela bangase bancome imonitha yakwa-Holter noma irekhoda yomcimbi ukuze uthole ukuqapha okuphelele, okulandelela umsebenzi wenhliziyo phakathi nezikhathi ezinwetshiwe. 
• Ukuhlolwa Kwethebula Le-Tilt: Ezimweni zokuquleka, odokotela benza ukuhlolwa kwetafula lokutsheka ukuze babheke ukuthi umzimba usabela kanjani ekushintsheni kwesimo. 
• Ukuhlola Okwengeziwe: Ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka, ama-echocardiogram, nokuhlolwa kwegazi kungakhomba izimbangela zokushaya kwenhliziyo okuhamba kancane. 

Ukwelashwa Kwezinga Lenhliziyo Enensayo

Indlela yokwelapha ukushaya kwenhliziyo kancane incike ebucayi bezimpawu nezimbangela eziyisisekelo, okuhlanganisa: 

• Imithi: Odokotela balungisa imithi yakho eqhubekayo uma ibangela ukushaya kwenhliziyo kancane. Kwezinye izimo, izidakamizwa ezifakwa emthanjeni njenge-atropine zingasheshisa inhliziyo okwesikhashana. 
• I-Pacemaker: A i-pacemaker kuvame ukuba yisixazululo esisebenza kahle kakhulu sokuphatha isikhathi eside. Lo mshini omncane, ofakwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba, uletha ama-pulses kagesi ukuze ugcine ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuqinile. Amasha, ama-Pacemakers anikeza inketho encane kwezinye iziguli. 
• Ukuphatha Izimo Ezihlelekile: Ukubhekana nezimo ezingaphansi ezifana nesifo se-thyroid noma i-apnea yokulala kungasiza ukwenza ukushaya kwenhliziyo kujwayelekile.

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela

• Abantu abanenhliziyo eshaya kancane kufanele babonane nodokotela uma bezwa izimpawu ezibakhathazayo noma beqaphela izinguquko empilweni yabo. Ukuhlolwa kwaminyaka yonke kubalulekile, ngisho nakulabo abangenazo izimpawu. 
• Uma une-bradycardia futhi uhlakulela izimpawu ezintsha noma ubona izinguquko ezithinta isimiso sakho sansuku zonke, thintana nodokotela wakho. 
• Khuluma nodokotela wenhliziyo ngokushesha uma izimpawu zivela ngokuzumayo noma ziba zimbi ngokushesha. 
• Shayela abezimo eziphuthumayo uma ubona ubuhlungu besifuba obuhlala ngaphezu kwamaminithi ambalwa, ukuphelelwa umoya, noma isiyezi esinezinhlamvu zokuquleka. 

Prevention

Nakuba ukuvimbela ukushaya kwenhliziyo kancane kungenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi, izinguquko ezithile endleleni yokuphila zinganciphisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-bradycardia, okuhlanganisa: 

• Njengoba odokotela betusa, ukuvivinya umzimba njalo kungasiza ekulondolozeni isigqi senhliziyo esinempilo. 
• Ukudla okunomsoco okunenani eliphelele lezithelo, imifino, nokusanhlamvu okuphelele nokugcina isisindo esinempilo kusekela impilo yonke yenhliziyo. 
• Ukulawula izimo ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme nesifo sikashukela kubalulekile. 
• Ukuyeka ukubhema nokunciphisa ukuphuza utshwala nakho kudlala indima enkulu. 
• Kulabo abathatha imithi engase ibangele ukushaya kwenhliziyo okunensa kakhulu, kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo yomthamo ngokucophelela. 
• Izindlela zokulawula ingcindezi (i-yoga noma ukuzindla) zingaba nomthelela omuhle. 

Ukuhlolwa kwezempilo okuvamile kuvumela ukutholwa kusenesikhathi nokulawulwa kwezinkinga zenhliziyo ezingaba khona.

Isiphetho

Ukuqonda izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi zokushaya kwenhliziyo okunensayo kunomthelela kubo bobabili abantu kanye nodokotela. Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okunensayo, kwesinye isikhathi okuvamile, kungabonisa izinkinga zempilo ezidinga ukunakwa. Izimbangela zalesi simo ezingenzeka zisukela ekugugeni okungokwemvelo kuye ezinkingeni ezinkulu zezokwelapha, okugqamisa ukubaluleka kokuhlolwa njalo nokuxhumana ngokukhululekile nodokotela. Ukulawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo okunensayo kuhilela izinguquko endleleni yokuphila kanye nokungenelela kwezokwelapha. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukulungisa imithi, ukufaka i-pacemaker, noma ukubhekana nezimo ezikhona, umgomo uwukugcina isigqi senhliziyo nokusekela impilo nempilo yonke. Ngokuhlala benolwazi futhi bematasa, abantu bangasebenza nodokotela babo ukuze babhekane nokukhathazeka ngokushaya kwenhliziyo yabo, baqinisekise ukuthi bathola ukunakekelwa okufanele futhi bajabulele izinga lempilo elingcono.

FAQ sika

1. Kuthinta bani?

Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okunensayo kungathinta abantu banoma ibuphi ubudala, kodwa kuvame kakhulu kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-65. Abasubathi nabantu abanempilo enhle bangase babe nokushaya kwenhliziyo okuhamba kancane ngokwemvelo ngaphandle kokuba nezimpawu. Izimo ezithile zezokwelapha, imithi, kanye nezici zokuphila kungaholela ku-bradycardia.

2. Ijwayeleke kangakanani i-bradycardia?

I-Bradycardia ithinta cishe umuntu oyedwa kubantu abadala abangama-600 ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-65. Kodwa-ke, inani langempela labantu abanokushaya kwenhliziyo okunensayo lingase libe phezulu, njengoba izimo eziningi zingatholakali noma azibonakalisi izimpawu.

3. Kusho ukuthini uma ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho kuhamba kancane?

Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okunensayo, noma i-bradycardia, kwenzeka lapho ukushaya kwenhliziyo kuncipha kube izikhathi ezingaphansi kwama-60 ngomzuzu. Kungaba okuvamile ngesikhathi sokulala noma kubantu abafaneleka kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma ukushaya kwenhliziyo kuhamba kancane ukumpompa igazi eligcwele umoya-mpilo elanele emzimbeni, kungase kubangele izimpawu futhi kudinge ukwelashwa.

4. Uyilungisa kanjani i-bradycardia ngokwemvelo?

Ukuze ubhekane nokushaya kwenhliziyo kancane ngokwemvelo, ungazama ukuvivinya umzimba njalo, ukugcina isisindo esinempilo, ukulawula ukucindezeleka, nokugwema izinto ezibangela ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile. Kodwa-ke, uma izimpawu ziba zimbi, thintana nodokotela wenhliziyo ukuze uthole ukuhlolwa okufanele nokwelashwa.

5. Ngingakwenyusa kanjani ukushaya kwenhliziyo yami ngokushesha?

Ukuze ukhuphule izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho ngokushesha, ungahlanganyela emisebenzini yomzimba (ukuhamba ngokushesha, ukugibela izitebhisi, noma ukwenza ojeke bokugxuma). Ukushintsha ijubane lakho phakathi nokuzivocavoca noma ukuthatha ikhefu elifushane phakathi kwemisebenzi nakho kungasiza ukukhulisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho. 

6. Ingabe i-ECG ingathola i-bradycardia(izinga lenhliziyo eliphansi)?

Yebo, i-electrocardiogram (ECG) ingathola i-bradycardia. Lokhu kuhlola kubalulekile ekuxilongeni ukushaya kwenhliziyo okunensayo njengoba kulandelela ngokunembile umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo. Odokotela basebenzisa ama-ECG ukuze balinganise izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo futhi bahlaziye isigqi senhliziyo, bakwenze kube ithuluzi eliphumelelayo lokuhlonza i-bradycardia.

7. Uzikhathaza nini ngokushaya kwenhliziyo okuphansi?

Kufanele ukhathazeke ngokushaya kwenhliziyo kancane uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezithile, njengesiyezi, ukukhathala, ukuphelelwa umoya, noma ukuquleka. Uma ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho kuhamba kancane futhi kuhambisana nobuhlungu besifuba noma izinguquko ezisheshayo zesigqi senhliziyo, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ukuhlolwa njalo kubalulekile ukuze uqaphe futhi ulawule i-bradycardia ngempumelelo.

CARE Medical Team

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