Inkulumo Engacacile

Inkulumo engacacile, eyaziwa nangokuthi "i-dysarthria", yenzeka lapho imisipha yobuso bakho ibuthaka kakhulu ukuze yakhe amagama afanele, noma kuba nobunzima ekuyilawuleni. Kungase kube nezimbangela eziningi ezivamile, ezazalwa nazo, nezingathi sína zokukhuluma kabi. Ngokuvamile, inkulumo engacacile noma enensayo ingase ibe nzima ukuyiqonda kwabanye futhi ingaholela ekungazethembini noma ezindabeni eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuzibona uphansi. Nokho, kwezinye izimo, iyelapheka nge ukwelashwa ngokomzimba nokukhuluma. 

Kungaba nezimo ezithile zezempilo, njengokuphazamiseka kwesistimu yezinzwa, unhlangothi, nokukhubazeka kobuso, kanye nemithi ethile ebangela ukukhuluma kabi. Kubalulekile ukuba nokuqonda okuyisisekelo kwalesi sifo esithinta izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke. Ake sikhanyise ngezici ezihlukahlukene zenkulumo engahlangani.

Iyini Inkulumo Engacacile?

Lapho umuntu ekhuluma kancane noma engaphumi kahle lapho ekhuluma noma ekhuluma, futhi inkulumo yakhe izwakala ngohlamvu olulodwa, lowo muntu cishe ukhuluma kabi. Kunezizathu eziningi zokukhuluma okungajwayelekile noma i-dysarthria, okuhlanganisa ukulahlekelwa kokulawulwa kwemisipha ngokuzithandela ngenxa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala noma izidakamizwa, kanye nangenxa yezimo zempilo ezicashile.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zenkulumo e-Slurred noma i-Dysarthria?

Kunezigaba eziyisithupha ze-dysarthria, ngayinye ihlukaniswa ngokusekelwe engxenyeni ethile yesimiso sezinzwa esithintekile. I-Dysarthria ingavela ngenxa yokulimala ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zesimiso sezinzwa, okuhlanganisa isimiso sezinzwa esimaphakathi (ubuchopho nomgogodla) kanye nesistimu yezinzwa ezizungezile (inethiwekhi yezinzwa kuwo wonke umzimba).

• I-Flaccid Dysarthria: Ibangelwa ukulimala kwama-motor neurons aphansi ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluseceleni. Lesi simo siphumela enkulumweni ephefumulayo nezwakala emakhaleni.
• I-Spastic Dysarthria: Ivela ekulimaleni kwama-neurons aphezulu ohlangothini olulodwa noma zombili zobuchopho ngaphakathi kwesistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi. Abantu abane-spastic dysarthria bangase babonise inkulumo enobunzima noma enomsindo.
• I-Ataxic Dysarthria: Kuvela ngenxa yokulimala ku-cerebellum, ingxenye yobuchopho enesibopho sokuxhumanisa ukunyakaza kwemisipha. Labo abane-ataxic dysarthria bangase babe nobunzima bokubiza kukankamisa kanye nongwaqa futhi babhekane nezinselele ezigcizelela izingxenye ezifanele zamagama phakathi nenkulumo.
• I-Hypokinetic Dysarthria: Imiphumela yokulimala kwe-basal ganglia, isakhiwo ebuchosheni esenza ukunyakaza kwemisipha. I-Hypokinetic dysarthria ibonakala ngenkulumo enensayo, ye-monotone, nezwakalayo eqinile.
• I-Hyperkinetic Dysarthria: Futhi kuxhunyaniswa nomonakalo ku-basal ganglia, i-hyperkinetic dysarthria ihlotshaniswa namaphethini okukhuluma asheshayo futhi ngokuvamile angalindelekile.
• I-Dysarthria Ehlanganisiwe: Ihlanganisa inhlanganisela yezinhlobo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ezishiwo ngaphambilini. Ima njengendlela evame kakhulu ye-dysarthria.

Yini engabangela Inkulumo Engacacile?

Inkulumo engacacile ihlotshaniswa nezimo eziningi zempilo, ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa, ukuwohloka kobuso, noma ukukhetha kwendlela yokuphila. Kungase kube nenkinga yokuhambisa ulimi noma imisipha emlonyeni, emphinjeni, noma uhlelo lokuphefumula eliphezulu elawula inkulumo nokuphuma kwezwi. Lezi zimo zingase ziholele ekukhulumeni okungaqondile.

Izimo eziholela ekukhulumeni okungaqondile zihlanganisa:

• Inhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi
• Ukulimala kobuchopho noma isimila
• Ukulimala ekhanda
• I-Cerebral Palsy
• sokuwohloka kwemisipha
• Isifo se-Lyme
• I-Myasthenia Gravis
• Sclerosis multiple
• I-Guillain-Barre syndrome
• Isifo sikaHuntington
• Isifo sikaParkinson
• I-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS, noma isifo sikaLou Gehrig)
• Isifo sikaWilson

Imithi ethile, njengemithi yokuquleka kanye nama-sedative, nayo ingaba imbangela yokukhuluma kabi.

Izimpawu Zenkulumo Engalungi

Izimpawu nezimpawu zokukhuluma kabi zingahluka kuye ngembangela ewumsuka. Angase ahlanganise okulandelayo:

• Izinga lokukhuluma elihamba kancane
• Ekhuluma ehleba
• Inkulumo esheshayo, engaqondakali
• Ekhuluma ngezwi elinolaka
• Isigqi nevolumu yenkulumo engalingani noma engajwayelekile
• Ekhuluma ngezwi eliyisicefe
• Ubunzima bokunyakaza noma ukulawula ulimi noma imisipha yobuso.

Izinkinga

Inkulumo engacacile ngokwayo ayiholeli kunoma yiziphi izinkinga kodwa ingase ibe uphawu lwenye inkinga engathi sína. Kodwa-ke, uma imbangela yokungakhulumi kahle kuwukuzalwa noma njengomphumela wangemva kokushaywa unhlangothi, kungase kushiye umphumela ohlala isikhathi eside esigulini. 

• Ukukhathazeka Komphakathi: Uma othile enenkulumo engacacile, kungase kuthinte ikhono lakhe lokuxhumana nabantu, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kokukhathazeka komphakathi futhi kungase kuthinte ubuhlobo bakhe nomndeni wakhe nabangane.
• Ukucindezeleka: Ngenxa yezindaba ezingezinhle zokuzibona wena uqobo kanye nokuzihlukanisa nomphakathi, abantu abanjalo bangase bangene ekucindezelekeni.

Ukuxilongwa Kwenkulumo Engacacile

Uma othile ebhekene nenkulumo engacacile noma uma othile eduze kwakhe ekhona, kuyancomeka ukuvakashela udokotela ukuze axilongwe kahle inkinga. Umhlinzeki wezempilo angase acele umlando wezokwelapha wangaphambilini womuntu kanye nomlando wezokwelapha womndeni wakhe futhi enze ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba ngokubambisana nodokotela wezifo zolimi lokukhuluma. Bangase futhi benze izikena ze-MRI noma ze-CT zobuchopho, ikhanda, nentamo, kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-EEG kanye ne-electromyography ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza kwemizwa nemisipha. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo nakho kungase kwenziwe ukuze kuhlolwe noma yiziphi izimpawu zokutheleleka emzimbeni.

Ukwelashwa Kwenkulumo Engalungi

Abantu abazalwa benenkinga yokukhuluma engalungi kanye naleyo njengomphumela wezinye izinkinga zezokwelapha bangase bazuze ekwelashweni kwenkulumo. Izothuthukisa inkulumo nokusebenza kwemisipha okuholela ekuthuthukisweni okudingekayo. Uma inkulumo engacacile isezingeni elinzima, abantu bangadinga usizo lwedivayisi yokuxhumana.

Uzovakashela nini Udokotela?

Uma i-dysarthria noma inkulumo ehlanekezelwe kungazelelwe kwenzeka, kungaba inkomba yesimo esibucayi sempilo esidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Uma umuntu eba nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezihambisanayo noma ebona othile eduze kwakhe onalezi zimpawu, kuhle afune usizo ngokushesha kumuntu uchwepheshe wezempilo oqinisekisiwe. Ukwephuza ukunakwa kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinzima.

Ubani osengozini Yenkulumo Engacacile?

Abantu abanezimo ezithile zemizwa basengozini yokukhuluma kabi. Lezi zimo zihlanganisa:

• I-ALS: Kufika ku-30% weziguli eziphethwe i-ALS zizwa ukunethezeka kwenkulumo.
• I-Multiple Sclerosis: Cishe u-25-50% wabantu abane-multiple sclerosis bazwa ukushoshela kwenkulumo.
• Isifo sikaParkinson: Cishe wonke umuntu ohlaselwe yi-Parkinson's disease uhlangabezana nokuthuthumela ekukhulumeni.
• Istroke: Iziguli ezihlaselwe ubuchopho noma inhliziyo zisethubeni eliphezulu lokubonisa ukushoshela kwenkulumo.
• Ukulimala kwengqondo: Iningi leziguli eziye zahlukumezeka ebuchosheni ziye zabhekana nenkulumo engaqondakali.

Abanye abantu abaphuza utshwala njalo noma abasebenzisa ezinye izinto ezihlukumezayo basengozini yokuba nenkinga yokukhuluma ngendlela engaqondakali, ngokuvamile okuba eyesikhashana. 

Ukuvimbela Inkulumo Engacacile

Inkulumo Ehlanekezelwe ingase ingagwemeki ngaso sonke isikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma kuwumphumela wesinye isimo esibucayi sezokwelapha, njenge-stroke noma i-cerebral palsy noma uma kuyisici sokuzalwa. Kodwa-ke, ungathatha izinyathelo ezimbalwa ukuvimbela amathuba okushaywa unhlangothi noma ukuhlukumezeka ngokusebenza kanzima ukulungisa isimo samanje sokukhuluma. Ukuxoxisana nomhlinzeki wezempilo ukuthi ungayigcina kanjani impilo kanye nomzimba ukuze uphile impilo enempilo kuyisiqalo esihle sokuvimbela inkulumo engacacile.

Isiphetho

Inkulumo ephikelelayo ephikelelayo ingaba inkomba yezimo zempilo eziyisisekelo. Uma abantu bezwa inkulumo engahlelekile kanye nezinye izimpawu ezibangela ukungakhululeki, kutuswa ukuthi bafune usizo lwezokwelapha ukuze bathole ukuxilongwa ngokushesha kanye nokwelashwa okusebenzayo ukuze bagweme noma yiziphi izinkinga zezokwelapha zesikhathi esizayo. Ukufuna usizo lwezempilo kodokotela abanolwazi olunzulu nabasezingeni eliphezulu ku CARE Izibhedlela ingathuthukisa amathuba okwelapha inkulumo engacacile futhi iholele ezingeni elingcono lempilo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ingabe ukukhuluma ngokunganaki kuhlale kusho ukushaywa unhlangothi?

Uma inkulumo engacacile ivela ngokuzenzakalelayo, kanye nesiyezi nesicanucanu noma ukuhlanza, kungase kube uphawu lokushaywa unhlangothi. Uma abantu bengenasiqiniseko, kufanele bathinte udokotela ngokushesha.

2. Ungazi kanjani ukuthi umuntu une-dysarthria?

Unenkinga yokukhuluma kahle noma ukukhuluma ngezwi elihlebayo noma elinomsindo kukhombisa i-dysarthria noma inkulumo engahlangani. Kungase kwenzeke ngokuphazima kweso noma kube nenkinga yokuzalwa.

3. Kungani ngivele ngibe nenkinga yokukhuluma?

Ukuba nenkinga yokukhuluma ngokuzumayo kungase kube uphawu lwesimo esibucayi njenge-stroke. Kunconywa ukuthi uxhumane nodokotela ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuba noma yini ibulale.

4. Ingabe isifo sohlangothi singadala inkulumo engahlangani?

Inkulumo engacacile ingenye yezinkomba eziyinhloko ze-stroke. Ngisho nangemva kokuba isiguli seselashiwe futhi selulekiwe, singase sibe nenkulumo eshwabene.

5. Ingabe inkulumo engacacile iwuphawu lwesimila ebuchosheni?

Izimpawu zesimila ebuchosheni zihlanganisa ikhanda elibuhlungu elingapheli, ubunzima bokusebenzisana kwemisipha, isiyezi, ukuqunjelwa, ukukhathala, isicanucanu, ubunzima bokulinganisa, ukubona, ubunzima bokukhuluma, njll. Uma kukhona imibuzo, thintana nodokotela ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

References:

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dysarthria/symptoms-causes/syc-20371994#:~:text=Dysarthria%20often%20causes%20slurred%20or,medications%20also%20can%20cause%20dysarthria. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17653-dysarthria

CARE Medical Team

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