I-Tachycardia

I-Tachycardia, noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, yisimo esivamile esithinta abantu abaningi. Kwenzeka lapho inhliziyo ishaya ngokushesha kunokujwayelekile, ngokuvamile okungaphezu kuka-100 ngomzuzu lapho uphumule. Lesi simo singethusa futhi sibe nomthelela empilweni kanye nempilo yonke.

Lesi sihloko sihlola izimbangela zokushaya kwenhliziyo okuphezulu, izimpawu okufanele uziqaphele, kanye nezinketho zokwelapha i-tachycardia. Sizophenya ngezizathu zokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, izinkinga ezingaba khona, kanye nokuthi ungalufuna nini usizo lwezokwelapha. Ngokuqonda izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo kwe-tachycardia, izizathu zokushaya kwenhliziyo okuphezulu nokuphathwa kwayo, ungathatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ukuze ugcine inhliziyo enempilo futhi unciphise ingozi yezinkinga zempilo ezihlobene.

Liyini izinga eliphezulu lenhliziyo (Tachycardia)? 

I-Tachycardia yisimo senhliziyo esibonakala nge-an izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo elisheshayo ngokungavamile, ngokuvamile okwedlula amabhithi ayi-100 ngomzuzu lapho uphumule. Lokhu kushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo kungenzeka emakamelweni aphezulu (atria) noma aphansi (ama-ventricles) enhliziyo. Nakuba kuvamile ukuthi izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo likhuphuke ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca noma ukucindezeleka, i-tachycardia eqhubekayo lapho uphumule ingase ibonise inkinga yezempilo eyisisekelo.

I-Tachycardia ingathinta ikhono lenhliziyo lokupompa igazi ngokuphumelelayo. Lapho inhliziyo ishaya ngokushesha kakhulu, ingase ingabi naso isikhathi esanele sokugcwalisa ngokuphelele phakathi kokufinyela, okungase kube sengozini ukugeleza kwegazi emzimbeni. Lesi simo singaholela ezimpawu ezihlukahlukene futhi kwezinye izimo, izinkinga ezinkulu uma zingelashwa.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-tachycardia, kuhlanganise:

• I-Sinus tachycardia: Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okunyukile okuvela kwemvelo yenhliziyo i-pacemaker, i-sinus node.
• I-Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT): Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo (tachycardia) kuqala ku-atria futhi kuvame ezinsaneni nasezinganeni.
• I-Ventricular Tachycardia (VT): Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo kuqala kuma-ventricles, okungaba kubi kakhulu.

Izimpawu Zokushaya Kwenhliziyo Ephakeme

I-tachycardia ingabonakaliswa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Abanye abantu bangase bangabi nazo izimpawu eziphawulekayo. Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi abane-tachycardia babika uhla lwezimpawu ezingaba nomthelela empilweni yabo yansuku zonke, njenge:

• Ukugijima noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo eshaya ngamandla 
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma ukuzwa okubophayo kwe-pulse entanyeni
• Ukuphefumula, ngisho nangesikhathi sokuphumula
• Lightheadedness
• isiyezi
• Ukukhathala nokubuthakathaka 
• Iziqephu zokuquleka noma eduze nokuquleka
• Ukungathandeki kwesifuba noma ubuhlungu 
• Abanye abantu baba nokujuluka, isicanucanu, noma umuzwa ojwayelekile wokungaphili. 
• Abantu abaningi bazizwa bekhathele noma bengenawo amandla.

Izimbangela Zenhliziyo Ephakeme

I-Tachycardia, noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, kungabangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene. Ngenkathi ezinye izimbangela ze-tachycardia ziyingozi, ezinye zingase zibonise izinkinga zempilo eziyisisekelo. Izizathu ezivamile ze-tachycardia zihlanganisa: 

• Ukuvivinya umzimba okukhandlayo
• ukukhathazeka
• Ukucindezeleka okukhulu ngokomzwelo
• Fever
• Izimo ezithile zenhliziyo (isifo se-coronary artery CAD, ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo, kanye nokukhubazeka kwenhliziyo kokuzalwa)
• Izinkinga ngohlelo lokuqhuba ugesi lwenhliziyo, njenge-Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome
• Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha ezingaholela ku-tachycardia zihlanganisa i-anemia, i-hyperthyroidism, nezifo zamaphaphu. 
• Imithi ethile, ikakhulukazi leyo ufuba, imikhuhlane, kanye nokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile, kungase kwenyuse izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo. 

Ngezinye izikhathi, imbangela yangempela ye-tachycardia ayikaziwa.

Izingozi Zezingozi

Ezinye izici zingandisa amathuba okuthi umuntu abe sengozini yokuthola i-tachycardia noma ukuba neziqephu zokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo. 

• Ubudala: Iminyaka yobudala idlala indima ebalulekile, kanti abantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kanye nabadala bayathinteka kakhulu. 
• Ubulili: Ngokuvamile abesifazane basengozini kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nabesilisa. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izingane nazo zijwayele izinhlobo ezithile ze-tachycardia, ikakhulukazi i-supraventricular tachycardia (SVT).
• Izinketho Zendlela Yokuphila: Ukubhema, ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni njenge-cocaine & methamphetamines kungase kubangele i-tachycardia. Ngokufanayo, ukudla okuphezulu kwe-caffeine nokukhuluphala yizici eziyingozi ezaziwayo. 
• Ukushintshashintsha kwamaHormonal: Izinguquko zeHormonal ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kanye menopause kungandisa amathuba okuba ne-tachycardia.
• Ukungalingani kwe-Electrolyte: Ukushintsha kumazinga e-potassium, i-sodium, i-calcium, noma i-magnesium kungaphazamisa isigqi esivamile senhliziyo. 
• Ukungalingani kwe-Fluid: Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni nokulahlekelwa kakhulu kwegazi kungase kubangele inhliziyo ukuthi ishaye ngokushesha ukuze kunxephezele umthamo wegazi oncishisiwe.

Izinkinga

I-Tachycardia ingaba nemiphumela emibi uma ingalashwa. Ubukhulu bezinkinga buncike ohlotsheni lwe-tachycardia, ubude bayo, nezinye izimo zenhliziyo:

• Enye yezinkinga ezimbi kakhulu ukwakheka kwe amahlule igazi, okungase kubangele isifo senhliziyo noma unhlangothi. 
• Ukuquleka njalo noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi kungenye inkinga engaba khona, engaba yingozi ezimeni ezithile.
• Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo kuwukukhathazeka okuphawulekayo kulabo abane-tachycardia eqhubekayo. 
• Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi nge-tachycardia ye-ventricular noma i-fibrillation ye-ventricular, ukufa kwenhliziyo kungazelelwe kungenzeka.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-tachycardia

Ukuxilongwa kwe-tachycardia kuhilela ukuhlolwa okuphelele ngokomzimba, ukubuyekezwa komlando wezokwelapha, nokuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene:

• Umlando Wezempilo Nokuhlolwa Komzimba: Udokotela wakho uzobuza mayelana nezimpawu zakho, umlando wezokwelapha, nanoma yiziphi izici ezingase zibe nomthelela ekushayeni kwenhliziyo okusheshayo. Bazolalela inhliziyo yakho nge-stethoscope futhi bahlole ezinye izimpawu zezinkinga zenhliziyo.
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG noma EKG): I-electrocardiogram (ECG noma EKG) ukuhlolwa okuvame kakhulu okusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga i-tachycardia. Irekhoda ukusebenza kukagesi wenhliziyo futhi ingasiza ekunqumeni uhlobo lokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo. 
• I-Holter Monitor: Imonitha ye-Holter, egqokwa amahora angama-24 noma ngaphezulu, irekhoda ukusebenza kwenhliziyo phakathi nemisebenzi yansuku zonke. 
• I-Echocardiogram: Lolu phenyo lwe-ultrasound lwakha izithombe zenhliziyo eshayayo, ezibonisa ukugeleza kwegazi kanye nezinkinga zamavalvu ezingaba khona. 
• Ukuhlolwa Kwengcindezi: I-treadmill noma ukuhlolwa kwebhayisikili elimile eliqapha ukuthi ukuzivocavoca kuthinta kanjani ukushaya kwenhliziyo.
• Amanye amathuluzi okuxilonga ahlanganisa i-X-ray yesifuba, ebonisa isimo senhliziyo namaphaphu, nophenyo lwegazi ukuze kuhlolwe izimo ezingase zidale i-tachycardia.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Tachycardia

Ukwelashwa kwe-tachycardia kuhloswe ukunciphisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo nokuvimbela iziqephu ezizayo. Indlela yokubhekana nayo incike ohlotsheni nobukhulu besimo, okuhlanganisa:

• I-Vagal Manouvres: Odokotela bangase bakutshele ukuthi wenze amasu alula abizwa ngokuthi ama-vagal maneuvers ukuze wehlise izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukukhwehlela, ukwehla njengokungathi udlula indle, noma ukufaka i-ice pack ebusweni. Lezi zenzo zithinta i-vagus nerve, edlala indima ekulawuleni ukushaya kwenhliziyo.
• Imithi: Odokotela bavame ukunikeza ama-beta-blocker kanye nezivimba zesiteshi se-calcium ukulawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo nesigqi. Kwesinye isikhathi odokotela batusa amaphilisi e-anti-arrhythmic ukuze kumiswe ukushaya kwenhliziyo futhi kudambise izimpawu.
• I-Cardioversion: Izinqubo ezifana ne-cardioversion zingadingeka ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa ukushaqeka kukagesi ukusetha kabusha isigqi senhliziyo. 
• I-Catheter Ablation: Kule nqubo, odokotela benza izibazi ezincane enhliziyweni ezivimbela amasignali kagesi angajwayelekile. 
• Ukufakelwa Kwedivayisi: Kwezinye izimo, amathuluzi afana nama-pacemaker noma ama-cardioverter-defibrillator afakwayo angase afakwe ukusiza ukulawula isigqi senhliziyo.

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela

Kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezempilo uma uba nezimpawu ze-tachycardia noma izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo eliphakeme njalo. Xhumana nodokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana:

• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ukuquleka noma eduze nokuquleka
• Isiyezi noma ikhanda elikhanyayo
• Uma kutholwe ukuthi une-supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) futhi uhlangabezane nesiqephu esihlala isikhathi eside kunokujwayelekile

Prevention

Ukuvimbela i-tachycardia kuhilela ukushintsha indlela yokuphila nokulawula izimo zempilo ezingaphansi:

• Umsebenzi Womzimba: Ukuvivinya umzimba njalo kubalulekile ekwehliseni izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo ephumule futhi kuqinise inhliziyo. Khomba okungenani uhhafu wehora wokuzivocavoca okumaphakathi (ukuhamba ngokushesha, ukugibela ibhayisikili, noma ukubhukuda) izinsuku eziningi zeviki. 
• Ukulawula Ingcindezi: Ukuzindla, ukuvivinya umzimba kokuphefumula okujulile kanye ne-yoga kunganciphisa amazinga okucindezeleka kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo okuphansi. 
• Ukulala: Ukulala ngokwanele kubalulekile, njengoba ukungalali okungapheli kungaholela ekushayeni kwenhliziyo ngokushesha.
• Imikhuba Yokudla: Ukugcina ukudla okunempilo kubalulekile empilweni yenhliziyo. Gxila ekudleni imifino, izithelo, okusanhlamvu, namaprotheni angenalutho. Nciphisa ukudla okunamafutha agcwele ushukela nosawoti. Hlala uhlanzekile ngokuphuza inani elifanele lamanzi usuku lonke.
• Gwema Izinto Ezibangeli: Ukugwema izikhuthazi ezifana ne-caffeine ne-nicotine kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo. Uma ubhema, ukuyeka kungenye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu ongayenzela inhliziyo yakho. Ngokufanayo, ukunciphisa ukuphuza utshwala nokugcina isisindo esinempilo kungaba nomthelela omuhle ekushayeni kwenhliziyo.

Isiphetho

I-Tachycardia ingaba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yomuntu kanye nezinga lempilo. Ngokubona izimpawu kusenesikhathi nangokufuna ukungenelela kwezokwelapha okufika ngesikhathi, abantu bangagcina isigqi senhliziyo esinempilo futhi bavimbele izinkinga ezingaba khona.

Ukwamukela indlela yokuphila enempilo enempilo kudlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni nasekuvimbeleni i-tachycardia. Ukuhlolwa njalo kwezempilo nodokotela benhliziyo kubalulekile ukuze kuqashwe impilo yenhliziyo futhi kuxazululwe izinkinga ngokushesha. 

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Iyini imbangela ehamba phambili yokushaya kwenhliziyo okuphezulu?

I-Tachycardia, noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, kungabangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene. Izimbangela ezivamile zihlanganisa ukucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, i-caffeine ngokweqile noma utshwala, kanye nemithi ethile. Izimo zezokwelapha ezifana ne-anemia, izifo, noma indlala yegilo esebenza ngokweqile nazo zingaholela ekushayeni kwenhliziyo okusheshayo. Kwezinye izimo, izimo zenhliziyo ezifana ne-arrhythmias noma izinkinga zesistimu kagesi yenhliziyo zingase zibe nesibopho.

2. Kufanele ngikhathazeke nini ngokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo?

Kutuswa ukuthi ufune usizo lwezokwelapha uma izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho ephumule lidlula ngokuqhubekayo amabhithi ayi-100 ngomzuzu. Ukwengeza, uma uba nezimpawu ezinjengokuphelelwa umoya, ubuhlungu besifuba, isiyezi, noma ukuquleka eduze nokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, kubalulekile ukuthola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. 

3. Iphakeme kangakanani izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo?

Ngokuvamile, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo elingaphezu kwe-100 ngomzuzu lapho uphumule libhekwa njenge-tachycardia. Kodwa-ke, lokho okuthathwa ngokuthi 'phezulu kakhulu' kungahluka ngokuya ngeminyaka, impilo iyonke, kanye nesimo somzimba. Ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca, izinga eliphezulu lokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho ngokuvamile lilinganiselwa ku-220 uma ususa iminyaka yakho. Uma izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho lihlala liphakeme isikhathi eside ngemva kokuzivocavoca umzimba, kufanelekile ukuxoxa nodokotela.

4. Ingabe ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungu-120 kujwayelekile?

Ukushaya kwenhliziyo ephumule okungu-120 ngomzuzu akubhekwa njengokujwayelekile kubantu abadala abaningi. Nokho, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo lika-120 bpm phakathi nokuzivocavoca noma ukucindezeleka kungase kube phakathi kwebanga elivamile. Uma izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho liqhubeka lihlala ku-120 bpm noma ngaphezulu amahora ambalwa ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo, kuhle ukuthi ufune usizo lwezokwelapha. 

5. Kuthiwani uma ukushaya kwenhliziyo yami kungehli?

Uma izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho lihlala liphakeme futhi lingabuyeli kokujwayelekile ngemva kokuphumula noma izindlela zokuphumula, kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela. Bangase batuse ukugqoka imonitha yenhliziyo ephathekayo ukulandelela isigqi senhliziyo yakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Imithi noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingadingeka kwezinye izimo ukulawula i-tachycardia eqhubekayo nokuvimbela izinkinga ezingase zibe khona.

CARE Medical Team

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