Ukwehla kwe-Vitamin B12

Umzimba womuntu udinga Vitamin B12 ukukhiqiza amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, ama-neurons, ne-DNA, nokwenza eminye imisebenzi. Isiza imizimba yethu ekugcineni impilo yamangqamuzana ezinzwa namaseli egazi. Ibanga elijwayelekile le-Vitamin B12 lithathwa njengeliphakathi kuka-190 no-950 wamapicogram ngemililitha ngayinye (pg/mL). Njengoba imizimba yethu ingakwazi ukukhiqiza i-Vitamin B12 iyodwa, kufanele siyithole ngokudla neziphuzo. Nokho, lokhu kubangela inkinga: kuyilapho abanye abantu bedla amanani anganele kaVithamini B12 ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo zabo, abanye abakwazi ukumunca ngokwanele, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bayidla kanjani. Ngenxa yalokho, Ukuntuleka kwe-Vitamin B12 kunalokho evamile. Abantu abadala banamathuba amaningi okuthi babe nokushoda ngenxa yokuthi amandla emizimba yabo okumunca i-B12 ekudleni aye ancipha ngokuya ngeminyaka.

Kuyini ukuntula kwe-Vitamin B12? 

Ukushoda kwe-Vitamin B12 yisimo lapho umzimba ukhiqiza amanani aphansi kunejwayelekile kavithamini B12. I-Vitamin B12 iyadingeka ekwakhekeni kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu (RBC) futhi ukuntula kwayo kuholela ekuntulekeni kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi anempilo, anesibopho sokuthutha umoya-mpilo kuwo wonke umzimba. Ngaphandle kwenani elanele lamangqamuzana abomvu egazi, izicubu nezitho aziwutholi umoya-mpilo owanele. Ngenxa yalokho, umzimba awukwazi ukusebenza kahle. Uma kuyekwa kungelashwa, kungaholela ekulimaleni okukhulu ukulimala kwezinzwa kanye nokukhubazeka kwemizwa okungenakulungiseka.

Kufanele uthole malini?

Impendulo izoncika ezintweni ezimbalwa, njengeminyaka yomuntu ngamunye, imikhuba yokudla, impilo iyonke, kanye nemithi kadokotela. Imikhiqizo yezilwane, okuhlanganisa inyama, ubisi, namaqanda, imithombo ye-Vitamin B12. Ukwengeza, ingatholakala ku ukudla okuqinisiwe, njengesinkwa, imvubelo enomsoco, nokusanhlamvu okuhlukahlukene.

Isilinganiso sobudala sansuku zonke sokuthatha, esivezwa ngama-micrograms (mcg), simi kanje:

• Izinsana ezifika ezinyangeni eziyisi-6: 0.4 mcg
• Izingane ezineminyaka engu-7-12 izinyanga: 0.5 mcg
• Izingane ezineminyaka engu-1-3 ubudala: 0.9 mcg
• Izingane ezineminyaka engu-4-8 ubudala: 1.2 mcg
• Izingane ezineminyaka engu-9-13 ubudala: 1.8 mcg
• Intsha eneminyaka engu-14-18 ubudala: 2.4 mcg
• Abantu abadala: 2.4 mcg (2.8 mcg ngosuku komama abahlengikazi kanye no-2.6 mcg ngosuku kwabesifazane abakhulelwe)

Kuvamise kangakanani ukuntula i-vitamin B12?

Ukushoda kwe-Vitamin B12 kukhona cishe ku-1.5% kuya ku-15% wabantu, ngamaphesenti ahluka ngokuya ngamaqembu eminyaka:

• Okungenani u-3% wabantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-20 nengama-39 ubudala banokushoda.
• Okungenani u-4% wabantu abaneminyaka yobudala engama-40 kuya kwengama-59 bahlangabezana nokushoda.
• Okungenani u-6% wabantu abaneminyaka engu-60 nangaphezulu abanawo uvithamini B12.

Izimpawu zokushoda kwe-Vitamin B12

Izinkinga ezingokomzimba, zezinzwa, nezengqondo zingenzeka ngenxa yokushoda kwe-Vitamin B12. Ekuqaleni, kungase kungabi khona izinkomba zokuntula. Kodwa-ke, uma izimpawu zingalungiswa, zingase zibe zimbi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izimpawu zokushoda kwe-Vitamin B12 zingabonakala kancane kancane futhi ziwohloke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi abanye abantu abanamazinga aphansi e-Vitamin B12 ezimisweni zabo bangase bangabi nazimpawu ngaphandle uma bene-anemia yokuntuleka kwe-Vitamin B12, ebonakala ngokulahleka kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi futhi okungaholela ekubeni izimpawu zemizwa njenge: 

• Ubumbulu
• Imisipha ebuthaka
• Ukucindezeleka okuncane, ukukhathazeka noma ukuwohloka komqondo
• Ibhalansi kanye nezinkinga zokuxhumanisa
• I-Incontinence

Okulandelayo yizimpawu ezijwayelekile zokushoda kwe-Vitamin B12:

• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu noma ubuthakathaka
• Ukuba nesicanucanu, ukuhlanza, noma isifo sohudo
• Ukuba ndikindiki okungenzeka noma ukuluma ezandleni nasezinyaweni
• Ulimi olubuhlungu noma olubomvu olungase lube nezilonda emlonyeni
• Ukuzizwa edangele futhi ecasukile
• Ukwehla kwesisindo
• Izinkinga zembono
• Ukubonisa isikhumba esiphuzi
• Ukuba nobunzima bokukhuluma noma ukunyakaza ngokukhululeka
• Uhlangabezana nenkinga yokukhumbula imininingwane noma ukudideka ngokushesha

Izinkinga zokushoda kwe-Vitamin B12 

Izimbangela zokushoda kwe-Vitamin B12 kungaba ngenxa yezimo noma izifo ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi:

• Ukungadli ukudla okunovithamini B12 ngokwemvelo noma ukudla okunothisiwe ngakho.

• I-Gastroenteritis, ukutheleleka kolwelwesi lwesisu, iyimbangela enkulu ye-Vitamin B12 deficiency syndrome. Ivimbela isisu ekukhiqizeni i-hydrochloric acid eyanele, edingekayo ukuze i-Vitamin B12 imunce.
• Abantu abanesifo esingavamile njengesifo esiyingozi i-anemia abakwazi ukukhiqiza iphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-intrinsic factor, okuholela ekuntulekeni kwe-Vitamin B12. I-Intrinsic factor iyadingeka ukuze kufakwe i-Vitamin B12 ngendlela efanele. 
• Iziguli eziye zadlula i-gastric bypass (inqubo yokunciphisa isisindo) noma okunye ukuhlinzwa kwamathumbu zingase zikuthole kuyinselele kakhulu ukumunca uVithamini B12.
• Izimpawu zokushoda kwe-Vitamin B12 kubantu abadala ezihlobene nokugaya zivimbela ikhono lomzimba lokumunca ivithamini ngokwanele.

Ukuxilongwa kokuntuleka kwe-Vitamin B12

Ukuhlonza izifo zokushoda kwe-Vitamin B12 kungaba yinselele ngoba izimpawu azibonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi noma zingase kudidaniswe nokunye ukuntuleka komsoco. Odokotela ngokuvamile benza ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile, njengesibalo segazi eliphelele (CBC) kanye nokuhlolwa kwezinga likavithamini B12, ukuze baqaphe isimo. Ukwengeza, ukuhlolwa okuqondile kokushoda kwe-Vitamin B12, okufana nezinga le-ethylmalonic acid (MMA) noma ukuhlolwa kwe-Schilling, kusetshenziselwa ukukhomba ukuntula. Kwezinye izimo, a umkantsha I-biopsy ingase inconywe njengenqubo yokuhlola eyengeziwe yesiguli.

Ukwelashwa Nemithi Yokuntula I-Vitamin B12

Ngokuya ngesizathu esiyinhloko sokuntuleka kwe-Vitamin B12, isiguli singase sidinge ukwelashwa kuze kube yilapho amazinga aso e-Vitamin B12 ebuyela esimweni esivamile, noma singase sidinge imithi yokuntuleka kwe-Vitamin B12 impilo yonke ukuze silawule ukuntula kwakhe. Ukwelashwa kokuntuleka kwe-Vitamin B12 yilezi:

• Amaphilisi okuntuleka kwe-Vitamin B12
• I-Vitamin B12 ijeli yamakhala
• I-Vitamin B12 imijovo ye-intramuscular
• I-Vitamin B12 isifutho samakhala

Ezimweni eziningi, ukwelashwa kuyilungisa ngempumelelo inkinga. I-anemia ebangelwa ukushoda kwe-Vitamin B12 ngokuvamile ingelapheka ngamakhambi asekhaya aqondise ngokuqondile ukuntula. Nokho, noma imuphi umonakalo wezinzwa ngenxa yokuntuleka kwawo kungase kungenakulungiseka.

Ukuvimbela ukuntuleka kwe-Vitamin B12

Ngokudla ukudla neziphuzo eziqukethe i-Vitamin B12, iningi labantu lingavimbela ukuntuleka kwamavithamini B. Lokhu kubandakanya:

• Imikhiqizo yokudla kwezilwane, njengobisi, inyama ebomvu, inhlanzi, izinkukhu namaqanda
• Izithako zokudla ze-Vitamin B12

Umuntu angakwazi futhi ukuthatha lezi zinyathelo zokuzinakekela zokuntula i-Vitamin B12 ukusiza ukugwema ukuntuleka kwe-vit b 12:

• Ukugwema utshwala
• Ukuphatha izifo zamathumbu

Izinkinga zokushoda kwe-Vitamin B12

Ingozi yezinkinga zempilo eziningana ingase ikhule ngokuntula isikhathi eside kwe-B12. Ukuntuleka okukhulu kwe-Vitamin B12 kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu zemizwa kanye nezinye izinkinga zokushoda kwe-Vitamin B12. Eqinisweni, amathuba okuthi umuntu afe angase abe phezulu lapho entula kakhulu i-Vitamin B12. Ukungena kwe-folate okunganele ngabakwa- umama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungabangela ukuphazamiseka kokuzalwa kobuchopho nomgogodla ku-fetus ekhulayo. I-anemia eyingozi engelashiwe, ebangelwa ukushoda kwe-Vitamin B12 futhi ithinte ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu, ingaba nemiphumela ebulalayo ohlelweni lwezinzwa.

Isiphetho

I-Vitamin B12 ibalulekile ukuze umzimba wethu usebenze kahle. Ngokuqinisekisa ukudla okwanele kwe-Vitamin B12 ngokudla kwabo, abantu abaningi bangagwema ukuntula. Uma unezimbangela ezingase zenze ukuntuleka kwe-Vitamin B12 noma unezimpawu, kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela futhi uhlolwe igazi ukuze ahlole amazinga akho.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ingabe abantu abadla imifino kanye nezilwane ezidla inyama basengozini yokuntuleka kwe-Vitamin B12? 

Yebo, ngenxa yokungadli kahle, abantu abadla imifino nezilwane basengozini yokuntuleka kwe-Vitamin B12. Ngenxa yokuthi i-B12 ayikho ngokwemvelo ekudleni okusekelwe ezitshalweni, abadla imifino kanye nemifino kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi badla okwanele nsuku zonke ngendlela yezithako ze-Vitamin B12 ukuvimbela ukuntula.

2. Ingabe ukushoda kwe-Vitamin B12 kungabangela ukudangala? 

Ukushoda kwe-Vitamin B12 kuholela ekuguqulweni kwe-hematological, izinkinga zemizwa, nezinkinga ezingokwengqondo ezingase zibonakale njengokucasuka, ukucindezeleka, kanye nokulahlekelwa inkumbulo ngezinye izikhathi.

3. Ingabe ukuntuleka kwe-B12 kungelapheka? 

Ukushoda kwe-Vitamin B12 yisimo eselaphekayo esibangelwa ukungatholi i-Vitamin B12 eyanele ekudleni kwakho. Kungase kuthathe izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kweziyishumi nambili ukululama ngokugcwele ekuntulekeni kwe-Vitamin B12 ngemva kokuqala ukwelashwa kokuntuleka kwe-Vitamin B12.

4. Ingabe ukushoda kwe-B12 kubi kakhulu? 

Uma ukushoda kwe-Vitamin B12 kuhlala kungelashiwe, kungaba nemiphumela emibi ebalulekile yesikhathi eside ohlelweni lwezinzwa nobuchopho.

5. Ingabe i-B12 ephansi ingunaphakade? 

Uma ukwelashwa kungaqalwa phakathi nezinyanga eziyisithupha ngemva kokuqala kwezimpawu, amazinga aphansi kaVithamini B12 angase abe unomphela. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukuphumelela ekuntulekeni kwe-Vitamin B12.

6. Ngingakwazi yini ukwelapha ukuntula kwe-B12 ekhaya? 

Ngokudla ukudla okune-vitamin B12 neziphuzo ezifana nenyama ebomvu, inhlanzi, izinkukhu, amaqanda, ubisi, neminye imikhiqizo yobisi, ungathuthukisa izimpawu ezibangelwa ukuntuleka kwe-vitamin B12.

CARE Medical Team

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