Ukukhwehlela Okumanzi

Ukukhwehlela okumanzi, noma ukukhwehlela okukhiqizayo, kungase kukhathaze futhi kungakhululeki. Lolu hlobo lokukhwehlela lukhiqiza amafinyila noma i-phlegm futhi ngokuvamile lubonisa inkinga yezempilo ecashile. Ukuqonda izimbangela, izimpawu, nokwelashwa kanye namasu okuvimbela ukukhwehlela okumanzi kubalulekile ekulawuleni okusebenzayo kanye nokukhululeka.

Ake sihlole izimbangela ezivamile zokukhwehlela okumanzi kanye nezimpawu okufanele uziqaphele. Sizophinde sixoxe ngokuthi odokotela basihlola kanjani lesi simo kanye nezindlela ezahlukene zokwelapha ezitholakalayo, okuhlanganisa imithi yokukhwehlela okumanzi kanye namakhambi okukhwehlela okumanzi. 

Izimbangela Ezivamile Zokukhwehlela Okumanzi

Ukukhwehlela okumanzi ngokuvamile kunembangela ebangela ukukhiqizwa kwamafinyila. Okulandelayo yizizathu ezivamile zokukhwehlela okumanzi:

• Ukutheleleka Ngegciwane: Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, imikhuhlane kanye nomkhuhlane yizimbangela ezivamile zokukhwehlela okumanzi. Umkhuhlane ojwayelekile kanye nomkhuhlane yizibonelo ezinhle. Njengoba umzimba ulwa nokutheleleka, ukhiqiza okwengeziwe i-phlegm, okubangela ukukhwehlela okumanzi. 
• Ukutheleleka Kwamagciwane: Ukutheleleka kwamagciwane, njenge-pneumonia noma i-bronchitis, ngokuvamile kubangela ukukhwehlela okukhiqizayo. Lezi zifo zingabangela ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu noma i-bronchial, okuholela ekukhiqizeni amafinyila ngokweqile. 
• Izimo Ezingamahlalakhona: Ezinye izinkinga zezempilo zesikhathi eside, njenge isifo esingapheliyo sokuvimbela kwamaphaphu (COPD), isifuba somoya kanye ne-cystic fibrosis, kungaholela ekukhiqizeni amafinyila okuqhubekayo. 

Ukuqonda imbangela yokukhwehlela okumanzi kubalulekile ekunqumeni indlela yokwelapha efanele. 

Izimpawu zokukhwehlela ezimanzi

Uphawu oluyinhloko lokukhwehlela okumanzi ukukhiqizwa kwamafinyila lapho ukhwehlela. Lokhu kufiphala kungase kuhluke ngombala nokuvumelana, okunganikeza izinkomba mayelana nesimo esiyisisekelo. I-phlegm ecacile ngokuvamile iphakamisa ukuthi umzimba ukhipha izinto ezingezwani noma izinto ezicasulayo, kuyilapho i-phlegm ephuzi noma eluhlaza ngokuvamile ibonisa ukutheleleka.

Ezinye izimpawu zingafaka:

• Ukuzwa kokuthile okubhajwe esifubeni noma ngemuva komphimbo
• Imisindo ebhadlazayo, ephumayo, noma ekhencezayo, eyaziwa ngokuthi "ama-crackles," lapho uphefumula
• Abanye abantu bangase futhi baqaphele imisindo eqhubekayo, ephansi, efana ne-snore ebizwa ngokuthi "rhonchi."
• Ukuphelelwa umoya, isifuba, nokungakhululeki kwesifuba
• Kwezinye izimo, abantu bangase bakhwehlele i-phlegm enombala obomvana, okungase kubonise ukuba khona kwegazi 
• Ukukhwehlela okumanzi kungase kukhathaze kakhulu ebusuku. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amafinyila ajwayele ukuqoqana ngemuva komphimbo lapho elele, okuqhubekisela phambili ukukhwehlela.

Ukuxilongwa Ukukhwehlela Okumanzi

Lapho bexilonga ukukhwehlela okumanzi, odokotela bavame ukubuza ngobude nobukhulu bezimpawu. Izimo eziningi zingabonakala ngokuhlolwa komzimba okulula, lapho udokotela angase asebenzise i-stethoscope ukuze athole imisindo engajwayelekile, efana nama-crackles noma ama-wheezing. 

Nokho, kungase kudingeke ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe uma ezinye izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane noma ukukhathala zihambisana nokukhwehlela okumanzi.

• I-X-ray yesifuba isetshenziselwa ukuhlola noma yiziphi izinkomba zokutheleleka noma ezinye izinkinga zamaphaphu. 
• Ukuhlola ukusebenza kwamaphaphu ukuhlola ukusebenza kwamaphaphu akho. 
• Ukuhlaziywa kwephlegm yakho ukuhlola ukutheleleka
• Uphenyo lwegazi noma ukuhlolwa kwe-pulse oximetry ukukala amazinga komoyampilo egazini 
• Ukuhlolwa kwegesi egazini kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola amazinga omoya-mpilo kanye ne-carbon dioxide egazini.

Ukwelapha Ukukhwehlela Okumanzi

Ukwelashwa kokukhwehlela okumanzi kuya ngembangela yakho kanye nobukhulu bakho. Okulandelayo kunezindlela ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zokulawula izimpawu nokusheshisa ukululama:

Imithi:

• Ama-expectorants amafinyila amancane futhi enze kube lula ukukhwehlela 
• Ama-decongestants okucinana kwamakhala
• Ama-antibiotics uma ukukhwehlela okumanzi kungenxa yokutheleleka ngebhaktheriya 
• Ama-corticosteroids aphefumulelwe noma ama-bronchodilators 
• ezimweni zezimo ezingamahlalakhona njengesifuba somoya noma i-COPD
• Imithi yokungezwani komzimba

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela

Nakuba ukukhwehlela okumanzi kuvame ukuziphela ngokwakho, kunezimo lapho kudingeka khona ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, okuhlanganisa:

• Uma ukukhwehlela okumanzi kuqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amathathu
• Uma uhlangabezana ukwehla kwesisindo okungachazwanga noma abe buthakathaka amasosha omzimba ngenxa yesifo sikashukela noma i-chemotherapy
• Uma ukukhwehlela kwakho kuba kubi ngokushesha noma kuba kubi kakhulu
• Uma ukukhwehlela okumanzi kuhambisana nezinye izimpawu, njengobuhlungu besifuba noma i-thoracic, ukuphefumula kanzima, noma ukukhwehlela igazi.
• Amafinyila anuka kabi noma iphlegm eluhlaza, ephuzi, noma ebomvana angabonisa ukutheleleka okudinga ukwelashwa. 
• Uma ingane inomkhuhlane omkhulu, kunzima ukuvuka, noma ibonisa izimpawu zokuphefumula kanzima.

Amakhambi Asekhaya Ukukhwehlela Okumanzi

Amakhambi amaningana asekhaya angasiza ukuphatha ukukhwehlela okumanzi ngempumelelo yilawa: 

• Ukuhlala u-hydrated kubalulekile, njengoba ukuphuza inani eliphelele loketshezi kusiza ukunciphisa amafinyila, okwenza kube lula ukuwakhipha. 
• I-humidifier noma imvula eshisayo ingamanzisa imigudu yomoya futhi ikhulule i-phlegm, inikeze ukukhululeka ezimpawini zokukhwehlela.
• Amakhambi emvelo afana noju abonise isithembiso ekwelapheni ukukhwehlela okumanzi, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezingaphezu konyaka owodwa ubudala. Amandla ayo e-antimicrobial angase athobe umphimbo ovuvukele futhi asize ukulwa nezifo. Ukwengeza uju kumatiye e-herbal afudumele, njenge-ginger, i-thyme, noma i-clove, kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kwawo ngenxa yezakhiwo zawo zokulwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-antimicrobial.
• Ukugcoba ngamanzi anosawoti kungapholisa umphimbo othukuthele futhi kusize ukusula amafinyila asele. 
• Isifutho samakhala saline esinosawoti noma ukugeza kungasusa amafinyila nama-allergies emakhaleni nasematonweni ngenxa yokuminyana emakhaleni.
• Ukuphakamisa ikhanda lapho ulele kungavimbela amafinyila ekuqoqeni ngemuva komphimbo, kunciphise ukungakhululeki nokukhwehlela ebusuku.

Ukukhwehlela Okumanzi vs. Ukukhwehlela Okumanzi 

Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kokukhwehlela okumanzi kanye nokukhwehlela okomile kubalulekile ekwelapheni ngendlela efanele. Ukukhwehlela okumanzi, noma ukukhwehlela okukhiqizayo, kuveza amafinyila aqinile noma amancanyana emgudwini womoya nasemaphashini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, a ukukhwehlela okomile, noma ukukhwehlela okungakhiqizi, akukhiqizi amafinyila.

Ukukhwehlela okumanzi kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, inyumoniya, kanye nezimo ezingamahlalakhona njengesifuba somoya noma i-COPD. Ngokuvamile zihambisana nezimpawu ezifana nokuconsa kwangemva kokukhala, ikhala eligijimayo, nokuminyana emakhaleni. Nakuba ungakhululekile, ukukhwehlela okumanzi kungaba yinzuzo njengoba kusiza umzimba ukukhipha izinto ezicasulayo namagciwane emaphashini.

Ukukhwehlela okomile, nokho, kungabangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izifo zepheshana lokuphefumula eliphezulu, ukungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile, izinto ezicasula imvelo, noma imithi ethile efana ne-ACE inhibitors.

Izindlela zokwelashwa ziyehluka ekukhwehleleni okumanzi nokomile. Ngokukhwehlela okumanzi, ama-expectorant angaphezu kwe-counter angasiza amafinyila amancane, okwenza kube lula ukukhwehlela. Ukukhwehlela okomile kungase kuzuze ezintweni ezicindezela ukukhwehlela noma amalozenji ukuze kudambise ukucasuka komphimbo.

Prevention

Ukuvimbela ukukhwehlela okumanzi ngokuvamile kulula kunokwelapha. 

• Enye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokugwema lesi simo ngokuthola imigomo yaminyaka yonke yomkhuhlane kanye nenyumoniya. Ukugoma kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abanezinyanga eziyisithupha nangaphezulu, ikakhulukazi labo abanezimo zempilo eziphansi noma labo abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu. Bangenwa kalula yizifo ezinzima njengomkhuhlane, okungaholela ekukhwehleleni okumanzi.
• Ukwamukela imikhuba emihle yenhlanzeko kubalulekile, okuhlanganisa ukugeza izandla njalo, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokudla noma ukuthinta ubuso bakho. 
• Ukugwema ukusondelana nabantu abanezifo zesifuba noma zokuphefumula nakho kungasiza ekunciphiseni ubungozi bakho.
• Uma ubhema, ukuyeka kungathuthukisa kakhulu impilo yakho yokuphefumula futhi kunciphise amathuba okuba nesifo sokukhwehlela esimanzi. 
• Ukugcina indawo yasekhaya ihlanzekile futhi ingenazo izinto ezingezwani nomzimba nezinto ezicasulayo kungavimbela ukukhwehlela okumanzi.

Isiphetho

Ukubhekana nokukhwehlela okumanzi kungase kube isipiliyoni esiyinselele, kodwa ukuqonda izimbangela zako, izimpawu, kanye nokwelashwa kungenza ukukuphatha kube lula. Ungakwazi ukulawula impilo yakho yokuphefumula ngokubona izimpawu zokukhwehlela okumanzi futhi wazi ukuthi ungalufuna nini usizo lwezokwelapha. Khumbula, ukuhlala u-hydrated, ukusebenzisa amakhambi asekhaya, nokulandela iseluleko sikadokotela wakho kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile zokululama. Izinyathelo zokuvimbela ezifana nokugonywa, ukuzijwayeza inhlanzeko, nokugcina indawo ihlanzekile kunganciphisa ingozi yokuba nokukhwehlela okumanzi. Ekugcineni, ukunakekela impilo yakho yokuphefumula kubalulekile empilweni yakho yonke.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Kungani nginokukhwehlela okumanzi zingenazo ezinye izimpawu?

Ukukhwehlela okumanzi ngaphandle kwezinye izimpawu kungase kwenzeke ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene. Kungase kubonise ukutheleleka kokuphefumula okuncane noma ukucasuka emigwaqweni yomoya. Kwezinye izimo, kungase kube ngenxa ye-allergies noma izici zemvelo. Ngisho noma ungenazo ezinye izimpawu, ukukhwehlela okumanzi okuqhubekayo okuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwesonto kufanele kuhlolwe udokotela.

2. Ukukhwehlela okumanzi kufanele kuhlale isikhathi esingakanani?

Ukukhwehlela okumanzi okubangelwa a ukutheleleka ngegciwane kufanele ithuthuke emasontweni ambalwa. Kodwa-ke, uma ukukhwehlela kwakho okumanzi kuqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amathathu kuya kwamane, kuthathwa njengokungapheli futhi kungase kudinge usizo lwezokwelapha. Ukukhwehlela okumanzi okungapheli kungabonisa izimo ezingaphansi ezifana i-bronchitis, isifuba somoya, noma ezinye izinkinga zokuphefumula.

3. Ingabe ukukhwehlela okumanzi kusho inyumoniya?

Akunjalo. Nakuba ukukhwehlela okumanzi kungase kube uphawu lwenyumoniya, akubonisi ngaso sonke isikhathi lesi simo. Inyumoniya ivamise ukuza nezinye izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, ubuhlungu besifuba, nobunzima bokuphefumula. Kodwa-ke, uma unomkhuhlane ophakeme noma ukhwehlela amafinyila aphuzi noma aluhlaza okotshani ngokukhwehlela okumanzi, kuhle ukuthi ubonane nodokotela ngoba lokhu kungase kube izimpawu zenyumoniya.

4. Ingabe ukukhwehlela okumanzi kuyadingeka?

Ama-antibiotic akudingekile ngaso sonke isikhathi ukukhwehlela okumanzi. Ukukhwehlela okuningi okumanzi kubangelwa izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, ezingaphenduli kuma-antibiotics. Kodwa-ke, odokotela bazokunikeza ama-antibiotics uma ukukhwehlela kwakho okumanzi kubangelwa izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, njenge-bacterial pneumonia noma i-protracted bacterial bronchitis.

5. Ungakuyeka kanjani ukukhwehlela okumanzi ebusuku?

Ukuze ulawule ukukhwehlela okumanzi ebusuku, zama lawa makhambi asekhaya:

• Sebenzisa i-humidifier ukwengeza umswakama emoyeni
• Phakamisa ikhanda lakho ngemicamelo eyengeziwe
• Phuza itiye le-herbal elifudumele noju ngaphambi kokulala
• Geza ngamanzi ashisayo ngaphambi kokulala
• Cabangela ama-expectorants angaphezu kwe-counter ukusiza ukukhulula amafinyila
• Gwema ukudla ukudla okunzima sekusondele isikhathi sokulala, ikakhulukazi uma une-acid reflux

UDkt Ather Pasha

MBBS, MD, FACP
I-CARE Hospitals Outpatient Centre, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, CARE Hospitals, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad

Ukuze Ubhukhe Isikhathi, shayela:

+ 91 40-68106529

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