Izinkinga zokuhamba

Ukwelashwa Kwezifo Zokunyakaza e-Hyderabad, India

Iziyaluyalu zokunyakaza seziphenduke ukukhathazeka kwangempela njengoba lokhu kuthinta kalula noma isivinini sokunyakaza kanye nokushelela okujwayelekile. Iningi lazo libangelwa izakhi zofuzo ezinephutha. Izindawo ezithinteka kakhulu yi-thalamus, i-ganglia, ne-globus palladium, ejulile ebuchosheni bakho. 

Izinhlobo Zokuphazamiseka Kokunyakaza

Sihlola ukuphazamiseka okuhlukahlukene kokunyakaza, okuhlanganisa:

• I-Ataxia: Ukuphazamiseka kokuzala okuthinta isiqu sobuchopho, ubuchopho, nomgogodla. Ku-Ataxia, ukunyakaza akubonakali kubushelelezi njengoba kuhlotshaniswa noma kuhlangene. Lokhu kungase kubangele ukunemba, ukuxaka, ukundindizela, ukungazinzi, nokuntuleka kokuxhumana lapho uhambisa ukunyakaza kokuzithandela. Lokhu kungase futhi kuthinte ukunyakaza kwamehlo nenkulumo. 
• I-Dystonia: I-Dystonia iphumela ekusebenzeni okungavamile kwengxenye yobuchopho obujulile, i-basal ganglia enesibopho sokunyakaza nokulawula ukuxhumanisa. Lezi zingxenye zobuchopho zilawula uketshezi kanye nesivinini sokunyakaza futhi zihlola imisebenzi engafuneki. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwezinzwa ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwemisipha okungahleliwe. Iziguli ze-Dystonia zingase zithole izikhundla ezingavamile noma ukuma, ukunyakaza okuphindaphindiwe, nokusonteka okungalawuleki. Ngokusho kobunzima, isimo singase sikhubaze. 
• Ukuthuthumela okubalulekile: Abantu abaphethwe yile nkinga bangase babe nokuthuthumela noma ukuqhaqhazela okungase kube kubi nakakhulu ukunyakaza okuyisisekelo. Lezi zivame kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala. Uma lokhu kuzamazama kunamandla, ngakho-ke sincoma nokuhlinzwa. 
• I-Spasticity: Lesi sifo sihlotshaniswa nokufinyela kwemisipha ngokubangela ukuqina noma ukuqina. Kungase kuphazamise ukuhamba, ukukhuluma, nokunyakaza. Ngokuvamile kubangelwa ukulimala engxenyeni yobuchopho noma umgogodla olawula ukunyakaza kokuzithandela. Kungase futhi kubangele i-multiple sclerosis, ukulimala komgogodla, unhlangothi, i-cerebral palsy, nokulimala kwengqondo ngenxa yokuntuleka komoyampilo. 
• Isifo sikaHuntington: Lesi yisifo esibulalayo, esiwohlokayo nesiqhubekayo esibangelwa ukuwohloka kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa zobuchopho. Alikho ikhambi elihlala njalo lalesi sifo, ngakho-ke sisiza iziguli ngemithi yokuzivikela futhi sinciphise izimpawu. 
• Isifo sikaParkinson: Kuphinde kube wukuphazamiseka okuqhubekayo ngenxa yokonakala kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa ebuchosheni okubizwa ngokuthi i-substantia nigra, enesibopho sokulawula ukunyakaza. Lawa mangqamuzana ezinzwa ayawohloka noma ayafa kuyilapho elahlekelwa amandla okukhiqiza ikhemikhali ebalulekile ebizwa ngokuthi i-dopamine. Njengezinye iziyaluyalu zokunyakaza, iphinde ibangele izimpawu ezehlukene ezijwayelekile njengokuqina kwezitho, ukuqina kwemisipha, ukundindizela, ukulahleka kokunyakaza okushelelayo, ukushintsha kwezwi, nokuwohloka kobuso bobuso. 
• I-Rett syndrome: Kulokhu kuphazamiseka kwemizwa okuqhubekayo, singabona izimpawu ezifana nokuphindaphinda ukunyakaza kwezandla, ithoni yemisipha encane, ukuziphatha kwe-autistic, ukukhula kwekhanda, nokubambezeleka komsebenzi wobuchopho. Uphawu lokuqala luhlala lulahlekelwa ithoni yemisipha. 

Izimpawu ze-Movement Disorder

Izimpawu zokuphazamiseka kokunyakaza zingahlukahluka kuye ngesimo esithile, kodwa ezinye izimpawu ezivamile zingabandakanya:

• Ukunyakaza okungahleliwe: Lokhu kungahlanganisa ukundindizela (ukuqhaqhazela), i-dystonia (ukufinyela kwemisipha okungavamile okubangela ukunyakaza okuphindaphindayo noma ukuma okungavamile), i-chorea (ukunyakaza okujeqeza, okufana nomdanso), noma i-athetosis (ukunyakaza okunensayo, okushwabana).
• Ukuqina kwemisipha: Ukuqina noma ukuqina emisipha, okungenza ukunyakaza kube nzima noma kube buhlungu.
• I-Bradykinesia: Ukunensa kokunyakaza, lapho kungase kuthathe isikhathi eside ukuqalisa noma ukuqedela ukunyakaza.
• I-Hypokinesia: I-amplitude encishisiwe noma ububanzi bokunyakaza.
• I-Akinesia: Ubunzima bokuqalisa ukunyakaza noma ukungabikho okuphelele kokunyakaza.
• Ukungazinzi kwe-Postural: Ubunzima bokugcina ibhalansi noma ukuma, okungandisa ingozi yokuwa.
• Ukungahambi ngendlela evamile: Izinguquko kuphethini yokuhamba, njengokushova izinyathelo, ukubanda kokuhamba, noma ubunzima bokuphenduka.
• Ukuthuthumela: Ukuqhaqhazela okungavamile kwengxenye yomzimba, okungenzeka lapho uphumule noma ngesikhathi sokunyakaza.
• Ukushoda kokuxhumana: Ubunzima bokuxhumanisa ukunyakaza, okuholela ekubeni bushelelezi noma ukunyakaza okungaqinile.
• Ukukhathala: Ukuzizwa ukhathele noma ubuthakathaka, okungase kuthinte umsebenzi womzimba nokunyakaza.
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma: Ushintsho emaphethini enkulumo, njengenkulumo engahlangani, ukungingiza, noma ubunzima bokukhuluma.
• Ubunzima bemisebenzi emihle yezimoto: Izinselelo ngemisebenzi edinga ukunyakaza okuqondile, njengokubhala, ukufaka izinkinobho, noma ukusebenzisa izitsha.

Izimbangela Zokuphazamiseka Kokunyakaza 

Ukuphazamiseka kokunyakaza kungase kube nezimbangela ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise:

• Izici zofuzo: Ezinye iziyaluyalu zokunyakaza, njengesifo sikaHuntington noma izinhlobo ezithile ze-dystonia, zingazuzwa njengefa ngenxa yokuguqulwa kofuzo.
• Izifo ze-Neurodeergenerative: Izimo ezifana nesifo sikaParkinson, i-multiple system atrophy, kanye ne-progressive supranuclear palsy zibangelwa ukuwohloka kancane kancane kwezifunda ezithile zobuchopho ezilawula ukunyakaza.
• Ukulimala kobuchopho noma ukuhlukumezeka: Ukulimala kwekhanda, ukushaywa unhlangothi, noma okunye ukulimala kwengqondo kungaphazamisa ukusebenza kobuchopho okuvamile futhi kubangele ukuphazamiseka kokunyakaza.
• Ukutheleleka: Izifo ezithile, njenge-encephalitis noma i-meningitis, zingathinta ubuchopho futhi zibangele ukuphazamiseka kokunyakaza.
• Imithi: Eminye imithi, ikakhulukazi imithi ye-antipsychotic kanye nezidakamizwa ezithile ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ingabangela ukuphazamiseka kokunyakaza njengomphumela ohlangothini.
• Ukuphazamiseka kweMetabolic: Ukuphazamiseka kwemetabolism, njengesifo sikaWilson noma ukuphazamiseka kwe-mitochondrial, kungathinta ubuchopho futhi kuholele ekunyakazeni okungajwayelekile.
• Ubuthi nokuchayeka kumakhemikhali: Ukuchayeka kubuthi obuthile noma amakhemikhali, njenge-carbon monoxide, umthofu, noma izibulala-zinambuzane, kungalimaza ubuchopho futhi kubangele ukuphazamiseka kokunyakaza.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwe-autoimmune: Izimo ezifana ne-autoimmune encephalitis noma ukuphazamiseka kokunyakaza kwe-autoimmune kungenzeka lapho amasosha omzimba ehlasela ngephutha izicubu zomzimba, okuhlanganisa nobuchopho.
• Izimila zobuchopho: Izimila ebuchosheni noma umgogodla zingaphazamisa ukusebenza kobuchopho okuvamile futhi zibangele ukunyakaza okungavamile.

Ukuhlola nokuxilongwa okwenziwa abahlinzeki bethu bezempilo

Odokotela bethu bayakulalela futhi bahlanganise izimpawu. Khona-ke, odokotela badlulela ekuhloleni okuphelele komzimba futhi batusa ukuhlolwa okudingekayo kokuxilonga. Uma zonke izivivinyo seziqediwe, sikhipha ipulani lokusekela ukunakekelwa nokwelashwa kwakho. Uma ochwepheshe bethu sebekwazi ukuxilongwa kwakho, sekuyisikhathi sokwabelana ngakho konke odinga ukukwazi, okuhlanganisa nezinketho zokwelapha. 

Lapho odokotela bethu bechaza ukwelashwa kokuphazamiseka kokunyakaza, bakuphakamisa ngokuya ngokuxilongwa kanye nohlobo lwesifo. 

Kunezimo eziningi lapho ukwelapha okuphelele kungenakwenzeka, ngakho-ke sinciphisa izimpawu futhi sikhulule ubuhlungu. Ezimweni eziqhubekayo nezinzima, ikhono lesiguli lokukhuluma nokunyakaza liphazamiseka kakhulu. Lapha, sidinga ukunaka kwakho ukuze udlule ezintweni esingaziphakamisa:

• Ukwelapha emsebenzini nangokomzimba ukuze ubuyisele noma ugcine ikhono lakho lokulawula ukunyakaza. 

• Imijovo isiza ukuvimbela ukufinyela kwemisipha

• Imithi yokwelapha inikezwa ukugwema nokulawula izimpawu

• Ukwelashwa okuhlinzayo noma inketho yokuvuselela ubuchopho obujulile ishukumisa izindawo zakho zobuchopho ukulawula ukunyakaza. 

Ukwelashwa Kwesifo Sokunyakaza 

Ukwelashwa kokuphazamiseka kokunyakaza kuyehluka kuye ngohlobo oluthile, futhi nakuba abaningi bengenalo ikhambi, inhloso eyinhloko yokwelashwa ukulawula izimpawu. Nokho, izimo ezithile, njenge-parkinsonism ebangelwa imithi, ngokuvamile zingelapheka ngokuphumelelayo.

Izindlela zokwelapha ezihlukene zokuphazamiseka kokunyakaza zihlanganisa:

• Imithi: Kunemithi eminingana etholakalayo yokunciphisa izimpawu ezihlobene nokuphazamiseka kokunyakaza. Isibonelo, iziphumuli zemisipha zingasiza ekulawuleni i-spasticity, kuyilapho imithi ye-dopaminergic ingase ibe nenzuzo ku-Parkinson's disease kanye nesifo somlenze ongenakuphumula. Imithi yokulwa nokukhathazeka ingabuye ibekwe ukusiza nge-dystonia. Ukwengeza, kunemithi eklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukubhekana nokuphazamiseka okuthile kokunyakaza.
• Ukwelapha ngokomzimba: Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba kugxile ekuthuthukiseni ukunyakaza komzimba nokusebenza. Ngokuzivocavoca kanye namasu ahambisanayo, abelaphi bomzimba basiza abantu ngabanye ekulawuleni izimpawu ezinjengobuhlungu, ukuqina, nokungakhululeki okuvimbela ukunyakaza.
• Ukwelapha emsebenzini: Ukwelashwa komsebenzi kugxile ekuthuthukiseni ikhono lomuntu lokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Abelaphi basemsebenzini banikeza isiqondiso sokuma ngokuphephile, ukuhlala, ukunyakaza, noma ukusebenzisa amathuluzi ahlukahlukene ukuze uhlanganyele emisebenzini yansuku zonke ngempumelelo.

Kungani izibhedlela ze-CARE zelashwe ukuphazamiseka kokunyakaza? 

Ukunakekela kwethu okunobubele nokuphelele kuzosiza iziguli zithole induduzo futhi zizwe impumuzo phakathi nokwelashwa. Yenza isikhathi sokubonana nathi namuhla ukuze uzitholele indlela ye-multispecialty futhi ulawule ukuphazamiseka kwakho kokunyakaza okwanamuhla kanye nekusasa.