I-Neuro Oncology

Ukwelashwa Kwe-Brain Tumor E-Hyderabad | I-Neuro Oncology

I-Neuro-oncology ibhekisela emkhakheni wocwaningo olugxile kuma-neoplasms obuchopho nomgogodla. Eziningi zalezi zingaba yingozi kakhulu empilweni.

Umdlavuza wezinzwa ubhekisela kumaseli omdlavuza asakazeka ebuchosheni noma emgogodleni, ngezinye izikhathi aze athinte zombili izindawo kanye kanye. Kwenzeka lapho amangqamuzana angaphakathi kobuchopho bethu ezalana ngokungalawuleki, akhe inqwaba. Inqwaba eyakheka kanjalo ibizwa ngokuthi isimila esingaba nomdlavuza ngokwemvelo noma singabi nomdlavuza. Imvelo yomdlavuza yalesi sisindo, ebizwa nangokuthi i-malignant neurological tumors, inamandla okusakazeka kwezinye izingxenye zobuchopho. Isisindo esingenawo umdlavuza esibizwa ngokuthi i-benign tumor, ayisakazeki kodwa ingabangela izimpawu ezihambisana nomdlavuza wezinzwa. 

Zimbili izindlela ubuchopho bungathinteka ngazo amangqamuzana abangela umdlavuza. Kungase kuqale ebuchosheni ngokwabo, okubuye kubizwe ngokuthi i-primary brain tumor, noma kusakazeke kusuka kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba kuya ebuchosheni njengamathumba obuchopho besibili (metastatic). Izinga lapho isimila sikhula khona kanye nendawo esikuyo yisona sici esinqumayo sokuthi sizowuthinta kanjani umsebenzi wesimiso sezinzwa. 

Izinhlobo Zezimila Zobuchopho

1. I-ASTROCYTOMA 

I-Astrocytoma umdlavuza otholakala ebuchosheni nasemgogodleni kumaseli abizwa ngokuthi ama-astrocytes. Lawa maseli enza umsebenzi wokusekela amangqamuzana ezinzwa. 

• IZIMPENDULO 

Izimpawu ze-astrocytoma zingahluka kuye ngobukhulu nendawo yesimila. Uma indawo yalesi sifo isendaweni yomgogodla, khona-ke izimpawu ezizwakalayo zibuthakathaka nokukhubazeka endaweni lapho isisu sitholakala khona. Izimpawu ezivame ukubhekwa ze-astrocytoma ebuchosheni zihlanganisa ikhanda, isithuthwane kanye nesicanucanu. 

2. I-ACOUSTIC NEUROMA

Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-vestibular schwannoma, i-acoustic neuroma yaziwa ngokuthi ayinawo umdlavuza. Kuyisimila esikhula kancane esikhula emthanjeni oyinhloko we-vestibular oholela indlebe engaphakathi ebuchosheni. Le nerve ithonya ibhalansi nokuzwa komzimba. 

• IZIMPENDULO

Izimpawu ezijwayelekile ze-acoustic neuroma yilezi;

• Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kungase kube kubi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. 
• Ukukhala endlebeni ethintekile
• Ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi
• Vertigo 
• Ukulahlekelwa ukunyakaza kwemisipha ebusweni noma ukuba ndikindiki kobuso.

3. IMETASTASE ZOBUCHOPHO

Ama-metastases obuchopho abhekisela esimweni lapho umdlavuza usakazeka usuka endaweni yawo yokuqala uye ebuchosheni. Umdlavuza okungenzeka kakhulu usabalele ebuchosheni ungase uvele emaphashini, ebeleni, ekholoni, ezinso nasemelanoma. 

Lesi simo singabangela isimila esisodwa noma izimila eziningi ebuchosheni. Njengoba ziqala ukukhula kancane kancane, zizodala ingcindezi ezicutshini zobuchopho futhi ngaleyo ndlela zibe nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwezicubu zobuchopho ezizungezile. 

• IZIMPENDULO

Izimpawu ze-metastase yobuchopho zingahluka kuye ngendawo lapho bukhona. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile ezibonwa yilezi;

• Ukuhlanza noma ukucanuzela kwenhliziyo okuvela ngenxa yekhanda elibuhlungu

• ukuquleka

• Ukulahlekelwa kwememori

• Ubuthakathaka noma ukuba ndikindiki kuzwakala ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba. 

4. EPENDYMOMA

Lesi simila singatholakala kokubili ebuchosheni nasemgogodleni. Umsuka wayo kuthiwa kumaseli ependymal. Lawa maseli atholakala ephasejini lapho uketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal lugeleza khona. Lolu ketshezi lwenza umsebenzi wokondla ubuchopho. Lesi simo sitholakala kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane. Kubantu abadala, lesi simo sivame ukwenzeka entanjeni yomgogodla. 

• IZIMPENDULO

Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu kulesi simo kuthiwa yikhanda kanye nokuquleka. Abantu abadala bangase babe buthakathaka engxenyeni yomzimba elawulwa yizinzwa ezithinteka isimila. 

5. GLIOMA 

Lezi zaziwa njengezinhlobo ezivamile zezimila zobuchopho eziyinhloko. Lesi simila singakheka ebuchosheni noma emgogodleni. Ukwakheka kwayo kwenzeka kumaseli e-glial, ane-gluy ngokwemvelo futhi enze umsebenzi wokusiza amangqamuzana ezinzwa asebenze. I-Glioma ithinta ukusebenza kobuchopho futhi ingafakazela usongo empilweni kuye ngezinga lokukhula kwayo nendawo.

• IZIMPENDULO

Izimpawu ezijwayelekile ze-glioma zimi kanje: 

• Ukulahlekelwa kwememori

• Ukuphathwa yikhanda

• Ukuvota

• I-nausea

• ukuquleka

• Ubunzima ekukhulumeni

• Ukubona okufiphele noma ukulahlekelwa ukubona okuseceleni

• Ukuthukuthela

• Ukusebenza kobuchopho kuyathinteka

• Ukulahlekelwa kubhalansi 

6. MENINGIOMA 

Lesi simila sisuka kuma-meninges, okuwulwelwesi oluzungeze ubuchopho nomgogodla. Iwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesimila olwakheka ebuchosheni. 

Lezi zivame ukukhula kancane futhi zingahlala zinganakwa isikhathi eside. Kodwa kwezinye izimo, kuthinta imisebenzi yezicubu zobuchopho eziseduze nezinzwa, ngokuvamile okuholela ekukhubazekeni okukhulu. Lezi zitholakala kakhulu kwabesifazane lapho sebekhulile. 

• IZIMPENDULO

Izimpawu ezijwayelekile ze-meningioma zimi kanje:

• Ukulahlekelwa kwememori

• Ukulahlekelwa iphunga

• ukuquleka

• Ukuzwa ukulahlekelwa

• Shintsha embonweni

• Ubunzima ekukhulumeni

7. I-PINOBLASTOMA

Lolu uhlobo lwesimila oluyivelakancane, oluvame ukuba nolaka ngokwemvelo, olutholakala kumaseli we-pineal gland etholakala ebuchosheni. Le ndlala yenza umsebenzi wokukhiqiza ihomoni ebizwa ngokuthi i-melatonin edlala indima enkulu emjikelezweni wethu wokulala wemvelo. 

Lesi simo singenzeka kunoma iyiphi iminyaka, kodwa sivame ukutholakala ezinganeni ezincane. 

Ukwelashwa kwalokhu kunzima kakhulu njengoba kusakazeka ngaphakathi kobuchopho kanye noketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal, kodwa akuvamile ukusakazeka ngale kwalokho kuya ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi. 

• IZIMPENDULO 

Izimpawu ezibonakala kulesi simo zihlanganisa ubuhlungu bekhanda, ubunzima bokulala, noshintsho ekunyakazeni kwamehlo. 

8. OLIGODENDROGLIOMA

Lesi simila singathatha ukwakheka kwaso ebuchosheni nasentanjeni yomgogodla. Lawa akhiwa amaseli akhona ebuchosheni kanye nomgogodla obizwa ngokuthi ama-oligodendrocytes. La mangqamuzana akhiqiza into evikela amangqamuzana ezinzwa. Lesi simo singenzeka kunoma iyiphi iminyaka, kodwa ngokuvamile, sitholakala kubantu abadala. 

• IZIMPENDULO

Abantu abaphethwe yilesi simo bangase baphathwe yikhanda kanye nokuquleka. Kungase futhi kube nobuthakathaka noma ukukhubazeka engxenyeni yomzimba elawulwa amangqamuzana ezinzwa futhi ehlaselwe isimila. 

UKUHLOLA 

• Ukuhlolwa kokuqala okunconyiwe uma kusolwa isimila sobuchopho ukuhlolwa kwemizwa. Kulesi sivivinyo, odokotela bahlola umbono, ukuzwa, ibhalansi, ukusebenzisana, amandla kanye nezimo zesiguli. Ubunzima obukhona kunoma iyiphi yezindawo bunganikeza umbono mayelana nengxenye yobuchopho okungenzeka ukuthi ithintwe isimila. 

• I-MRI (I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging) ingolunye uvivinyo olukhethelwe ukuhlonza isimila sobuchopho. 

• I-biopsy, okungukuthi, ukuqoqa isampula yezicubu ezingavamile futhi ihlolwe elebhu. Kule nqubo, udokotela ohlinzayo uvamise ukubhoboza imbobo encane ogebhezini ukuze afake inaliti encane ezosiza ukukhipha izicubu ukuze ziskenwe. 

• I-PET/CT nayo iyenziwa. Lokhu kusiza ukwazi ngezimila ezincane. Basiza ukuthola izinga amangqamuzana omdlavuza asakazeke ngalo. 

IZIMANGALISO

Isizathu esiqondile kanye nembangela yomdlavuza wobuchopho akwaziwa, ngakho-ke umuntu akakwazi ukucacisa izinyathelo zokuphepha umuntu angazithatha ukuze agweme umdlavuza wobuchopho. Kodwa kunezinyathelo ezithile umuntu angazithatha ukuze agweme imiphumela emibi yalesi sifo. 

• Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuyeka ukubhema, okuyimbangela yezimpawu eziningi ezitholakala ngesikhathi somdlavuza. 

• Umlando womndeni ungaba neqhaza elikhulu ekutholeni lesi sifo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela lapho kukhona noma yiziphi izimpawu.

• Ukuchayeka emithini yokubulala izinambuzane, umanyolo kanye nezibulala-khula kungaba yisithako esinonya somdlavuza wobuchopho. Ngakho-ke, kuyalulekwa ukuba uhlale kude nala makhemikhali ngangokunokwenzeka. 

• Izinto ezibanga umdlavuza njengomthofu, ipulasitiki, irabha, i-petroleum njll., kufanele zigcinwe kude.