I-Orthopedic Oncology

Ukwelashwa Kwe-Oncology Yamathambo E-Hyderabad, India

I-oncology ye-Orthopedic ibhekisela egatsheni lesayensi elibhekene futhi licwaninga ngesimila esiyingozi se-osteoid multilobular sethambo. Kubandakanya ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kwesimila esiyingozi esihambisana nesistimu ye-musculoskeletal. 

Nakuba umdlavuza wamathambo ungenzeka kunoma yiliphi ithambo elikhona emzimbeni, ubonakala kakhulu esithweni samathambo kanye namathambo amade akhona ezingalweni nasemilenzeni yomzimba. Iwuhlobo lwesifo oluyivelakancane, olunephesenti elilodwa kuphela labantu okutholakala ukuthi linaso. Kuyaye kuqashelwe ukuthi izimila zamathambo ezingenawo umdlavuza zitholakala kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezimila zamathambo ezinomdlavuza. 

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi igama elithi umdlavuza wamathambo alisebenzi ohlotsheni lomdlavuza osuka kwezinye izitho zomzimba kodwa udlulela ethanjeni. Umdlavuza wamathambo uthinta ikakhulukazi abantu abadala, kanti eminye ingatholakala nasezinganeni ezincane. 

Izinhlobo Zomdlavuza Wamathambo

1. CHONDROSARCOMA

Lolu wuhlobo lomdlavuza oluyivelakancane olungase lube khona emathanjeni kodwa futhi lungatholakala ezicutshini ezithambile ezikhona eduze kwamathambo. Izitho zomzimba lapho lolu hlobo lomdlavuza lutholakala khona kakhulu esinqeni, okhalweni nasehlombe. Ezimweni ezingavamile, ingatholakala nasemathanjeni omgogodla. 

Ama-chondrosarcoma amaningi anezinga lokukhula elihamba kancane kakhulu, kodwa ezimweni ezingavamile, angaba nolaka kakhulu, asakaze ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomzimba ngesilinganiso esishaqisayo. 

Ukwelashwa okuvame ukulandelwa kulo mdlavuza ukuhlinzwa. Kodwa kwezinye izimo, ukwelashwa ngemisebe kanye ne-chemotherapy nakho kungenziwa. 

IZIMPENDULO

• Ubuhlungu obukhulu

• Isigaxa noma ukuvuvukala endaweni ethile

• Ukulawula emathunjini nasesinyeni.

• IZIMBANGELA'

• Abantu asebekhulile basengozini enkulu, nakuba kungenzeka kunoma iyiphi iminyaka.

• Abantu abahlushwa yinoma yiziphi ezinye izifo zamathambo, njengesifo sika-Ollier noma i-Maffucci's syndrome, bathambekele ekutholeni i-chondrosarcoma. 

2. EWING SAROMA

Lolu wuhlobo lomdlavuza oluyivelakancane olutholakala emathanjeni noma ezicutshini ezithambile ezizungeze amathambo. Itholakala kakhulu emathanjeni omlenze noma okhalweni. Ezimweni ezingavamile, kungabonakala ezicutshini ezithambile zesifuba, isisu, imilenze nezinye izindawo. Izingane ezincane kanye nentsha yibona abavame ukuba yizisulu zalo mdlavuza. 

IZIMPENDULO

• Ubuhlungu be-Bone

• Ukuvuvukala endaweni ethintekile

• Fever 

• Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esingachaziwe

• Ukukhathala 

• I-CUSA

• Umlando womndeni. Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza lutholakala kakhulu kubantu abanokhokho base-Europe. 

• Yize abantu banoma iyiphi iminyaka bethambekele kuloluhlobo lomdlavuza, kungenzeka ukuthi uvele ezinganeni nasebancane. 

3. I-OSTEOSARCOMA

Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza umsuka walo emangqamuzaneni enza umsebenzi wokwakha amathambo. Lezi zivame ukutholakala emathanjeni amade futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezingalweni. Amaseli anomdlavuza angakha ezicutshini ezithambile ezikhona ngaphandle kwethambo ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu. Izingane ezincane, ikakhulukazi abafana, zivame ukutholakala zinalo mdlavuza. 

Ukwelashwa kwe-osteosarcoma kuhlanganisa i-chemotherapy, ukwelapha ngemisebe noma ukuhlinzwa.

IZIMPENDULO

• Ubuhlungu ethanjeni noma ejoyintini

• Ukulimala kwethambo noma ukuphuka kwamathambo ngaphandle kwesizathu

• Ukuvuvukala kwenzeka eduze kwethambo elithintekile. 

• I-CUSA

• Ukuba nokunye ukuphazamiseka kwamathambo, njenge-Paget's disease of bone. 

• Noma yikuphi ukwelashwa kwangaphambili okwakuhilela ukwelashwa ngemisebe

• Umlando womndeni. 

Izimbangela ze-Oncology Yamathambo

Izimbangela ze-oncology yamathambo, noma umdlavuza wamathambo, aziqondi ngokugcwele, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwamathambo amathambo ngokuvamile kuyinkimbinkimbi. Kodwa-ke, kutholwe izici eziningana kanye nezici zobungozi ezingase zibe nomthelela ekwakhiweni kwalezi zomdlavuza. Izimbangela nezici zobungozi zihlanganisa:

• Izakhi zofuzo: Ukuguqulwa kofuzo okuzuzwe njengefa kungase kwenyuse ingozi yezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza wamathambo. Izimo ezifana ne-hereditary retinoblastoma kanye ne-Li-Fraumeni syndrome ziye zahlotshaniswa nengozi ephakeme yomdlavuza wamathambo.
• Isifo Sethambo sikaPaget: Abantu abanesifo sikaPaget, isimo esibonakala ngokulungiswa kabusha kwamathambo okungavamile, basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-osteosarcoma.
• Ukuvezwa kwemisebe: Ukuchayeka ngaphambilini emisebeni yomthamo omkhulu, noma ngabe okokwelashwa komdlavuza noma ezinye izizathu zezokwelapha, kuyisici esiyingozi esaziwayo somdlavuza wamathambo. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe yomdlavuza ohlukile kungase kwenyuse ingozi, ikakhulukazi uma kuphathwa usemncane.
• Ukukhubazeka Kwamathambo: Izimo ezithile zamathambo ezingenawo umdlavuza, njenge-fibrous dysplasia ne-enchondromatosis, zingase zandise ingozi yokuthuthukisa amathambo.
• Ukuchayeka kwamakhemikhali: Ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali athile, njenge-beryllium ne-vinyl chloride, kuxhunyaniswe nengozi eyengeziwe yomdlavuza wamathambo, nakuba lokhu kuchayeka ngokuvamile kuwumsebenzi ngokwemvelo.

Sifo

• Ukuhlolwa kwesithombe njenge-Bone Scan, i-CT scan (i-computerised tomography), i-MRI (I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging), i-PET (i-Positron emission tomography) kanye ne-X-ray kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga usayizi kanye nendawo yesimila sethambo. Kuyasiza futhi ekunqumeni ukusabalala kwethumba kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Odokotela batusa uhlobo oluthile lokuhlolwa kwezithombe ngokusekelwe ezimpawini umuntu anazo. 

• Kwezinye izimo, udokotela angaphinde aphakamise inaliti noma i-biopsies yokuhlinzwa. Ngale ndlela, isampula lesicubu siyakhishwa esimila futhi sihlolwe elabhorethri. Ukuhlolwa kuzosiza ekutholeni uhlobo lomdlavuza. Kuyasiza futhi ekuxilongeni isivinini noma izinga lokukhula kwesimila. 

Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-biopsies ezisetshenziselwa ukunquma umdlavuza wamathambo yilezi ezilandelayo; 

• Faka inaliti esikhumbeni uye esimila ukuze ukhiphe izingcezu ezincane zezicubu eqhumeni. 

• Ukususwa kwesampula yethishu ngokuhlinzwa ukuze kuhlolwe. Ku-biopsy yokuhlinzwa, odokotela basika isikhumba sesiguli. Ngale ndlela, udokotela ususa ingxenye yesimila noma kwezinye izimo, ngisho naso sonke isimila siyasuswa. 

Ukwelashwa

• SURGERY

Ukuhlinzwa kuvame ukuphakanyiswa ngenhloso yokukhipha sonke isimila esinomdlavuza. Uchwepheshe usebenzisa amasu lapho isimila sisuswa sibe yisiqephu esisodwa, futhi kwezinye izimo, ingxenye yezicubu ezinempilo ezungeze isimila nayo iyasuswa. 

Izimila zamathambo zikhulu kakhulu ngobukhulu noma ezitholakala ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu zidinga ukuhlinzwa ukuze kukhishwe futhi kuphathe indawo ethintekile. Ezimweni eziningi, ukunqunywa kwesitho kuyenziwa, kodwa ngokuthuthuka kwezinye izindawo zokwelapha, ukunqunywa kwesitho kuya ngokuya kuncipha. 

• I-CHEMOTHERAPY

I-Chemotherapy yindlela lapho udokotela ohlinzayo esebenzisa izidakamizwa ezinamandla ezilwa nezidakamizwa ezilethwa emzimbeni ngemithambo. Le mithi yenza umsebenzi wokubulala amangqamuzana anomdlavuza. Nokho, lolu hlobo lokwelapha alukwazi ukusetshenziswa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza wamathambo. Isibonelo, i-chemotherapy ayikhuthazwa esimweni se-chondrosarcoma.  

• UKWELASHWA NGEMISEBENZI 

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe yindlela lapho kusetshenziswa khona imishayo yamandla amakhulu ukuze kubulawe amangqamuzana abangela umdlavuza. Phakathi nale nqubo, isiguli silala etafuleni, futhi umshini uhamba eduze naso. Lo mshini uqondise imishayo endaweni lapho amangqamuzana omdlavuza ekhona. 

Le ndlela ivame ukuphakanyiswa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa njengoba isiza ekunciphiseni usayizi wesimila, ngaleyo ndlela kube lula ukusikhipha. Lokhu futhi kunciphisa amathuba okuthi anqunywe isitho.