Diarrhoea and Vomiting

Vomiting and diarrhoea often occur together and can make people feel very unwell, but the symptoms usually don’t last long. Most people recover from diarrhoea within 5 to 7 days, and vomiting usually stops after just a day or two.

When diarrhoea and vomiting happen simultaneously, the body can become dehydrated quickly. So, anyone with symptoms should stay home from work or school. They should wait at least 48 hours after symptoms subside before returning. Viral gastroenteritis, also known as stomach flu, causes most cases. Several viruses can trigger this infection, including norovirus, rotavirus, adenovirus, and astrovirus. While healthy adults' bodies typically fight off the infection without treatment, elderly people's and children's conditions need close monitoring because their risk of dehydration runs higher.

What is Diarrhoea and Vomiting?

The stomach forcefully expels its contents during vomiting. Diarrhoea happens when bowel movements become loose and watery. These symptoms point to gastroenteritis, which inflames the stomach and intestinal lining. Each year, gastroenteritis affects millions worldwide.

Symptoms of Vomiting and Diarrhoea

People who experience diarrhoea and vomiting often develop:

• Stomach pain and cramps
• Nausea
• The intestines might rumble audibly and cause bloating. 
• Fatigue 
• Some people develop fever, especially during infections. 

Each person's symptoms vary based on the cause and their body's resistance.

What Causes Vomiting and Diarrhoea?

Several factors can trigger vomiting and diarrhoea. Infections remain the most common reason, especially when you have:

• Viruses (norovirus, rotavirus, adenovirus)
• Bacteria (E. coli, Salmonella, C. difficile)
• Parasites
• Food poisoning
• Medications (antibiotics, NSAIDs, chemotherapy)

Stress, anxiety, pregnancy, heavy alcohol use, and food intolerances can also cause these symptoms. Food contamination leads to gastroenteritis.

Risk Factors

Some groups face greater danger from diarrhoea and vomiting:

• Young children
• Older adults
• People with weak immune systems 
• People in dormitories or schools
• Travellers to developing countries
• People taking antibiotics 

Complications

Dehydration poses the biggest threat to people with diarrhoea and vomiting. The body loses more fluid than it takes in through constant vomiting and diarrhoea. 

Severe cases can lead to imbalanced electrolytes, reduced blood volume, and even kidney failure. A person's decreased urination, extreme thirst, dry mouth, and fatigue signal dehydration.

Diagnosis of Vomiting and Diarrhoea

The right diagnosis creates a foundation to treat diarrhoea and vomiting effectively. Doctors use different methods to identify causes and suggest the best treatments:

• Blood tests to check electrolytes & kidney function
• Stool tests to identify bacteria, parasites or viruses
• Hydrogen breath test to determine lactose intolerance
• Endoscopy or colonoscopy to examine the digestive tract

These tests help doctors determine if symptoms come from infection, food poisoning, medication reactions or other conditions.

Vomiting and Diarrhoea Treatment

The treatment aims to prevent dehydration and target the following mechanisms:

• Rehydration with water, broths or oral rehydration solutions
• Antibiotics if bacteria or parasites cause symptoms
• Over-the-counter medicines like loperamide or bismuth subsalicylate for adults
• Adjusting current medications that might trigger symptoms

Note that children should not take adult anti-diarrhoea medicines unless a doctor prescribes them.

When to See a Doctor

Get medical help right away if:

• You vomit for more than 24 hours
• Your diarrhoea lasts beyond 2 days
• You see blood in vomit or stool
• You show signs of dehydration (excessive thirst, dry mouth, decreased urination)
• Your fever goes above 102°F (38.9°C)
• You experience severe abdominal pain

Parents should contact a doctor if their infant vomits frequently, hasn't had a wet nappy in six hours, or seems unusually drowsy.

Home remedies for Vomiting and Diarrhoea

These home approaches can help you manage symptoms:

• Stay hydrated by sipping clear liquids slowly
• Follow the BRAT diet (Bananas, Rice, Applesauce, Toast)
• Avoid dairy, caffeine, alcohol, sugary drinks and fatty foods
• Try ginger tea to ease nausea
• Consume probiotics to restore gut bacteria balance

Most cases of diarrhoea and vomiting go away within a week without specific treatment. Good home care can make you more comfortable and help you recover faster.

Conclusion

Diarrhoea and vomiting affect millions of people each year. These common ailments usually clear up within a week without treatment. You just need to watch for dehydration symptoms that pose serious risks, especially in children and elderly people.

You can prevent these conditions better than treat them. Clean hands, well-cooked food, and avoiding sick people help stop infection. Good hygiene practices also reduce the spread of germs that upset your stomach.

Knowing whether to treat symptoms at home or get medical help impacts recovery significantly. Mild cases respond well to simple home remedies like soft diet and clear fluids. But, severe symptoms or signs of dehydration need immediate medical care.

Your body heals naturally with rest. Quick returns to normal activities can worsen symptoms and spread illness to others. Taking proper care speeds up your recovery and protects others in your community.

Your body fights off what causes diarrhoea and vomiting without medicine. Proper hydration plays a crucial role in recovery. Small, frequent sips of fluid help you stay hydrated even when you feel sick.

FAQs

1. What to eat after vomiting and diarrhoea?

Your body needs time to adjust back to solid foods after you can handle liquids. Start with bland foods:

• The BRAT diet works best (bananas, rice, applesauce, toast)
• Plain crackers, cereals, and mashed potatoes are good options
• Plain pasta, boiled potatoes, and eggs help too

Eat smaller meals more often instead of big portions.

2. What foods to avoid after vomiting and diarrhoea?

Some foods can make you feel worse:

• Dairy products (milk, cheese, ice cream)
• Fried, fatty, and greasy foods
• Spicy foods and strong flavours
• Caffeine and alcohol
• Sugary treats and fizzy drinks
• Raw vegetables and fruits, especially citrus

3. Can anxiety cause vomiting and diarrhoea?

Anxiety triggers both vomiting and diarrhoea and with good reason, too. Your gut and brain work closely together. Anxiety releases hormones that:

• Upset your gut flora
• Change your intestinal barriers
• Affect how your brain reads stomach signals
• Make your intestines move faster

4. What to drink when vomiting and diarrhoea?

Staying hydrated is vital during illness:

• Ice chips help if you're throwing up often
• Clear liquids work best (water, broth, weak tea)
• Oral rehydration solutions like Pedialyte are effective
• Clear juices mixed half-and-half with water can help

Adults should drink at least seven eight-ounce glasses of water each day.

5. What causes diarrhoea and vomiting without fever?

These symptoms without fever might come from:

• Food intolerances or allergies
• Some medications (antibiotics, NSAIDs)
• Anxiety or stress
• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Pregnancy (morning sickness)
• Motion sickness

6. Is coconut water good for diarrhoea?

Coconut water helps with diarrhoea because it:

• Has natural electrolytes (potassium, sodium, magnesium)
• Replaces lost fluids effectively
• Works as well as sports drinks for hydration

Dr. Vivek Chaurasia

MBBS, MD (Internal Medicine)
CARE CHL Hospitals, Indore

To Book an Appointment, call:

+91 406 810 6585