The Anomaly scan, also referred to as a TIFFA, is one of the most important and essential pregnancy ultrasound scans performed in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy. This scan is usually performed between the 18th & 22nd week of gestation. The purpose of this scan is to assess the physical growth, development, and health of the foetus and to identify any congenital abnormalities that may be present. 

What Is a TIFFA Scan?

A TIFFA scan means Targeted Imaging for Foetal Anomalies. This scan is a comprehensive mid-term examination of the foetus and the uterus. Ideally, the TIFFA test is used to ascertain that the foetus is developing normally and examine the placental position. This scan provides the physician with the information necessary to make informed decisions during the remaining stages of the woman's pregnancy. The scan provides two-dimensional (2D) black-and-white images of the foetus, as well as three-dimensional (3D) or even colour images.

What Can a TIFFA Scan Tell About a Child? 

• The doctor will gain the following insights through the analysis of TIFFA scan images:
• The facial contours of the infant and if there are any anomalies present.
• The size & structure of the brain to identify potential issues with the brain.
• The baby’s spine and ribcage to check bone structure and skin development.
• With each heartbeat, the baby’s heart checks to make sure the valves are working properly and the atria and the ventricles are the same size.
• The limbs of the infant, including the fingers and also the toes.
• Check the kidneys to see whether any urine is being produced.

Unless the TIFFA scan result differs from the expected growth of the foetus at 20 weeks, everything is fine. On the other hand, if there is a longer than two-week gap between the TIFFA scan date and the foetus' actual gestational age, the physician will suggest additional tests.

When is a TIFFA scan performed? 

This TIFFA scan in pregnancy may be conducted at any time between the 18th and 22nd weeks of pregnancy; however, it is advisable to have it conducted between the 18th and 22nd weeks of pregnancy. In the event that an abnormal scan reveals a serious condition in the unborn child, the parents may end the pregnancy to prevent further complications for the mother’s health. 

Additionally, the baby's brain develops millions of motor neurons. The optimal gestational age for a TIFFA scan is between 19 and 20 weeks, which corresponds to the baby's gestational age.

How Is The TIFFA Scan Performed?

The scanning process is conducted in a swift, painless, and skilful manner by qualified medical professionals. The sonographer or radiologist will initially apply the gel to the woman's abdomen. A handheld probe is then used to scan the gel-applied area. The gel is used to ensure a good connection of the probe with the skin. The sonographer may sometimes apply a slight pressure to the abdomen while the probe is being moved, which may be uncomfortable. Nevertheless, the procedure is completely safe and conducted with care. The TIFFA scan duration is typically between 30 and 40 minutes.

How to get ready for the TIFFA Scan During Pregnancy? 

This TIFFA test in pregnancy does not require any prior preparation. Unlike the initial trimester scans, a full bladder does not need to be present for this scan. The baby has grown to the point where a scan of the abdomen is possible. However, since the women will be showing their tummy on the scan, it’s best to opt for two-piece dresses that are simple & comfortable to wear.

The process of conducting an anomaly scan or TIFFA scan is straightforward. The following are the stages in this scan:
Gel application on a bare stomach.

In order to acquire a visual representation of the foetus, the area that has been applied with gel should be scanned using a sensor or probe.
The procedure will require a minimum of 30 minutes as the physician will attempt to examine the foetus from different perspectives and collect measurements.

TIFFA scans are a standard medical procedure; however, they may cause some degree of anxiety or discomfort. It is recommended to consult with a healthcare provider prior to the appointment if the patient has any questions or concerns about the procedure.

Is there any risk during the TIFFA scan harming the baby? 

It is important to note that, as with all medical procedures, there are a few potential risks associated with TIFFA scans. However, due to its non-invasive nature and lack of radiation, the scan poses minimal risks to the mother and the unborn child. A TIFFA scan is capable of identifying a wide range of foetal abnormalities; however, it is not infallible. In some instances, abnormalities may be overlooked or misdiagnosed.

When will I get my TIFFA scan report? 

In general, the patient receives the anomaly scan report or the TIFFA report on the same day. In some cases, it may take some time to comprehend the anomalies identified and  make the appropriate diagnosis.

What happens if a baby abnormality is discovered in the report? 

In the event of an anomaly detected in the TIFFA, another scan will be requested by the concerned sonographer. After the infant is born, minor anomalies may go away on their own or may require surgery. In the event of serious anomalies, care, assistance, and education are provided to the family regarding various procedures, including termination of the pregnancy and the appropriate time to act.

In addition, it is important to note that in some cases, the scan does not reveal any abnormality. There will be an unnoticed exception, though, when the baby is delivered. There have also been instances where foetuses that had difficulties throughout pregnancy were born normal and in good health. Therefore, in the event that a problem is identified, it is important not to panic. It is strongly advised that one should consult with an obstetrician prior to making a decision.

Conclusion

A TIFFA scan is a diagnostic procedure that can be used to identify foetal abnormalities in pregnancy. While the prospect of receiving an abnormal screening result may be daunting, early detection and subsequent treatment can lead to improved outcomes for both the mother and the unborn child.

FAQs

1. What can TIFFA scans reveal?

Ans. The TIFFA scan is capable of identifying a wide range of structural abnormalities in the foetus, including those related to the brain, heart and spine, limbs and other organs.

2. What will happen if the TIFFA scan reveals an anomaly?

Ans. In the event that an anomaly is identified, further diagnostic examinations and consults with physicians may be warranted to confirm the results and explore treatment options.

3. Is a TIFFA Scan a mandatory procedure?

Ans. TIFFA scan is recommended by medical professionals as a preventive measure, and it should not be avoided.

4. TIFFA scan takes how much time to complete?

Ans. The duration of a TIFFA scan is typically between 30 and 45 minutes.