Diclofenac

Diclofenac

Diclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It is meant to relieve pain and reduce inflammation by eliminating the root cause or factors causing pain in the body. It can be injected orally, intravenously (inside veins), rectally (through the rectum), or subcutaneously (through the skin). It works by inhibiting the prostaglandin enzyme, which is the reason for the pain and inflammation.

Let us get to all the aspects related to Diclofenac.

What are the uses of Diclofenac?

It helps relieve swelling (inflammation), pain, and joint stiffness (immobile joints) caused by any type of arthritis. The drug is used to treat mild to moderate pain and the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (a disorder affecting small joints) and osteoarthritis (a disorder affecting long joints).

It is used to treat ankylosis spondylitis (inflammation of the spine). Eliminating these symptoms can help enhance the quality of patients’ lives.

However, before taking this drug for chronic (long-term) conditions like arthritis, patients must consult a doctor.

How and when to take Diclofenac?

It is prescribed to treat long-lasting and unbearable pain occurring due to conditions such as arthritis, menstrual cramps, migraines, etc.  

Diclofenac is administered through various routes, but the most common way to take it is by mouth, or orally. The drug comes in various forms like liquid-filled capsules, tablets, hard gelatin capsules, and powders so that it can be taken orally.

Liquid-filled diclofenac capsules are generally taken 4 times a day, whereas hard gelatin capsules are taken 3 times a day on an empty stomach. Diclofenac tablets are taken once a day, but 2 tablets a day are prescribed in severe conditions. For migraine headaches, a single dose of diclofenac powder solution is recommended without food. Patients should take the drug at the same time every day if they are advised to take it regularly.

What are the side effects of Diclofenac?

Diclofenac can show signs of various allergic reactions, such as difficulty in breathing, inflammation of the face and throat, or severe skin reactions (skin pain, blisters, peeling, and skin rash). Stop using diclofenac or seek medical help in severe conditions like sudden numbness, chest pain, muscle aches, swollen glands, etc.

 If the patient has any of the following symptoms, contact a doctor immediately and discontinue use of the medication.

• Signs of skin rashes (mild or moderate)

• Flu-like symptoms

• Cardiac problems: shortness of breath, rapid weight gain

• Kidney problems: less or no urination, painful urine discharge, swelling in legs and arms.

• Liver problems: stomach pain, diarrhoea, jaundice

 Some common side effects of the drug include:

• Bloating, gas, and nausea

• Constipation

• Drowsiness, headaches

• Sweating, itching

• High blood pressure

What precautions are to be taken before taking Diclofenac?

Before taking this drug, patients should keep the following points in mind:

• The patient must tell the doctor if he/she is allergic to diclofenac, aspirin, NSAIDs (naproxen, ibuprofen, celecoxib) or any other drugs.

• Inform the doctor about the medical history, particularly: asthma (having a history of shortness of breath after taking NSAIDs or aspirin), coagulation or bleeding problems, cardiac issues (such as a previous heart attack), liver disease, nasal polyps, intestinal or stomach problems.

• It can cause kidney damage when used for prolonged periods. In the case of any existing kidney issues, the chances of kidney failure can increase with diclofenac consumption.

• Inform the doctor about previous surgeries and drug prescriptions.

• Do not drive after consuming this drug as it can cause dizziness and drowsiness.

• It can cause stomach bleeding, and the risk can increase with the use of tobacco and alcohol.

• Older people are at a high risk of intestinal and stomach bleeding, heart attack, and stroke when consuming this drug.

• If you have high blood pressure or experience water retention, it's crucial to inform your doctor before starting diclofenac. Adding an NSAID to your regimen can place extra strain on your heart, especially if it's already working hard.

• If you've had a prior ulcer or gastrointestinal bleeding, it's advisable to consult your doctor before using diclofenac, as your risk for another bleeding episode is elevated.

• For individuals with kidney issues or those taking diuretics (water pills), diclofenac use can potentially affect the kidneys' ability to expel excess fluids. Discuss with your healthcare provider whether diclofenac is suitable for your situation.

• If you have asthma and are sensitive to aspirin, there's a possibility of a severe reaction to diclofenac. Prior to using this medication, it's essential to have a conversation with your doctor.

Diclofenac Dosage

Dosage for diclofenac varies according to the specific condition being treated and the type of formulation used.

• Oral Dosage (Tablets and Capsules)
  • Common doses are either 50 mg taken orally two-three times daily, or if the Extended-release variety is used, then a dosage of 75-100 mg taken once every day.
  • The maximum daily usage of diclofenac is normally 150 mg. 
• Injection Dosage (IM or Iv): 75 mg is normally given by injection into a muscle or vein once per day; when necessary, the dose may increase to 75 mg twice per day (only when used on a short-term basis).
• Topical Dosage (Gel): The quantity you apply will depend on which gel you use; most recently developed products recommend using 2 - 4 applications per day to the affected area.

Dose reduction is recommended for patients over the age of 65 years or with diminished function of their kidneys, liver or heart. The lowest maximum dose for diclofenac must be used for the shortest possible length of time to achieve adequate symptom relief. Always remember to follow the directions provided by your doctor.

What if I missed a dose of Diclofenac?

If you miss taking a diclofenac dose, then you should take this tablet as soon as you recall. If it is the time of the next dose, then it is advised to skip the missed dose and take the usual dose as scheduled.

You should not take the extra dose to cover up the forgotten dose. Set a reminder alarm so that you cannot forget to take your medicine on time. 

What if I overdose on Diclofenac?

Patients are suggested not to take excessive amounts of this tablet. Overdosing on the diclofenac tablet can result in poisoning and other serious side effects. Also, the side effects and symptoms of this overdosing cannot be changed by consuming more medicines. Share detailed information about an overdose so that doctors can help the patient reduce the symptoms and side effects.

How to store Diclofenac?

To ensure that diclofenac remains effective and safe to use, it must be stored properly. Tablets, capsules and topical forms of diclofenac should all be stored at room temperature (20–25°C) away from heat, moisture, or direct sunlight.

All medicines should remain in their original containers, with the containers properly closed, and stored out of sight and reach of children and animals. Medicines should not be kept in the bathroom or similar locations with high humidity.

Topical gels and creams should be kept tightly sealed, used according to the directions on the label, and not used after their expiration date. Used or expired medicines should be disposed of properly.

Can I take Diclofenac with other medications?

Diclofenac can interact with a number of other drugs, which can make adverse effects worse or make the drugs less effective. Some important interactions are:

• Other NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen, naproxen, and aspirin, can make stomach ulcers, bleeding, and kidney issues more likely.
• Blood thinners, such as warfarin, make it more likely to bleed
• Diuretics and ACE inhibitors may make the kidneys work less well or make blood pressure medicines less effective
• Lithium with diclofenac can raise lithium levels, which can be dangerous
• If taken with corticosteroid, there is a greater likelihood of gastrointestinal adverse effects
• Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may raise the risk of bleeding.
• If taken with Methotrexate, it might make methotrexate toxicity more likely

Before starting diclofenac, patients should always tell their doctor or chemist about all the other medicines they are taking.

How quickly will Diclofenac show results?

Diclofenac capsules or tablets take 20 to 30 minutes to work. It takes a few hours for suppositories to show results. There is no difference in how the suppositories, capsules, and tablets work. The dose of each drug is small.

Diclofenac vs Aceclofenac

Both aceclofenac and diclofenac are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Patients with inflammatory rheumatic and non-rheumatic diseases are prescribed diclofenac tablets. Aceclofenac tablets provide symptomatic relief in painful conditions such as joint pain.

Conclusion

Diclofenac is one of the most popularly used drugs for pain relief caused by arthritis. Limited amounts of diclofenac are safe and effective. However, excess amounts can cause severe problems. Hence, professionals advice is a must before taking this medicine. 

FAQs

1. What is diclofenac best used for?

Diclofenac is commonly used to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and manage conditions such as arthritis, joint pain, muscle pain, and menstrual cramps. It is also used to treat acute migraine attacks.

2. Is diclofenac a good painkiller?

Yes, diclofenac is considered an effective painkiller and anti-inflammatory medication. It can provide relief from various types of pain, particularly when inflammation is a contributing factor.

3. Can diclofenac be used for headaches?

Yes, diclofenac can be used to relieve headache pain, including migraines. It is available in various formulations, including tablets and injections, for the treatment of acute migraine attacks.

4. What is the difference between Diclofenac and Aceclofenac?

Diclofenac and aceclofenac are both nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that have similar uses, but there are differences. Aceclofenac is considered to be a derivative of diclofenac. While both are used for pain and inflammation, aceclofenac is often considered to have a better gastrointestinal safety profile. The choice between them should be made based on individual factors and healthcare provider recommendations.

5. Is diclofenac safe to use during pregnancy?

Diclofenac is generally not recommended during pregnancy, particularly in the third trimester, as it may have adverse effects on the developing fetus. It's essential to consult with a healthcare provider to explore safer alternatives for pain relief during pregnancy.

6. Can I take diclofenac as a painkiller?

Yes. Diclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is commonly used to relieve pain and reduce inflammation and swelling.

7. What is the most common side effect of diclofenac?

The most common side effect of Diclofenac is stomach upset, nausea, indigestion, or mild stomach discomfort.

8. Who should avoid diclofenac?

Those with stomach ulcers, severe heart problems, kidney problems, or an allergy to NSAIDs should avoid taking Diclofenac unless a doctor recommends it.

9. Is diclofenac safe daily?

No. Diclofenac should not be used on a daily basis unless a doctor recommends it, as it may lead to heart problems, stomach problems, and kidney problems.

10. What to avoid while taking diclofenac?

Alcohol and other NSAIDs should be avoided while taking Diclofenac, as they may increase the risk of stomach bleeding.

11. When not to take diclofenac?

Diclofenac should not be used when there is active stomach bleeding, severe kidney problems, or after heart surgery.

12. What organ is diclofenac hard on?

Diclofenac is hard on the stomach, kidneys, and even the liver.

References:

https://www.drugs.com/diclofenac.html https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a689002.html https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/diclofenac/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is not meant to substitute an advice from a healthcare professional. The information is not intended to cover all the possible uses, side-effects, precautions, and drug interactions. This information is not intended to suggest that using a specific drug is suitable, safe, or efficient for you or anyone else. The absence of any information or warning regarding the drug should not be interpreted as an implicit guarantee from the organisation. We strongly advise you to consult a doctor if you have any concerns about the drug and never use the medication without a doctor’s prescription.