This little-known, energy-sapping sleep disorder could be affecting millions, according to research

Neurological research indicates that a rare condition causing daytime exhaustion, despite adequate sleep, is more prevalent than previously believed.

The latest findings from the American Academy of Neurology shed light on idiopathic hypersomnia, a condition associated with overwhelming daytime fatigue, challenges in waking up and confusion upon awakening.

“We examined data from a large sleep study and found that this condition is much more common than previous estimates and as prevalent as some other common neurologic and psychiatric conditions, such as epilepsy, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia,” said study author Dr. David T. Plante of the University of Wisconsin–Madison to The New York Post. 

The study analysed both day and night-time sleep data from 792 individuals, revealing that 1.5% of the population (12 people) exhibited symptoms of idiopathic hypersomnia. This challenges prior beliefs that it affected only 0.005 to 0.3% of individuals, as reported by Sleep Disorders Australia.

Dr T L N Swamy, senior consultant – pulmonary medicine, CARE Hospitals, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad defined idiopathic hypersomnia as a sleep disorder characterised by excessive daytime sleepiness and an increased need for sleep despite getting adequate or prolonged nighttime sleep.

“‘Idiopathic’ means that the cause is unknown. Individuals with idiopathic hypersomnia often experience difficulty waking up in the morning and may struggle with alertness and concentration during the day,” Dr Swamy told indianexpress.com in an interaction.

It can be understood as a neurological disorder affecting the brain’s ability to regulate sleep-wake cycles, he explained. Unlike other hypersomnias (excessive sleepiness), idiopathic hypersomnia does not have a clear underlying cause such as sleep apnea or narcolepsy.

How can it be diagnosed?

Diagnosis of idiopathic hypersomnia involves a thorough medical history, sleep logs, and various sleep studies (polysomnography and multiple sleep latency test), according to Dr Swamy. A diagnosis is typically made when other potential causes of excessive sleepiness are ruled out, and specific criteria for idiopathic hypersomnia are met.

Symptoms may include prolonged nighttime sleep, difficulty waking up, and persistent sleepiness during the day despite naps, he noted.

How can it be managed?

– Managing idiopathic hypersomnia can be challenging, and treatment options are limited. Stimulant medications, lifestyle adjustments, and scheduled naps may be recommended. However, responses to treatment can vary, and what works for one individual may not be effective for another.

– Establishing a consistent sleep routine, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and managing stress can also contribute to better symptom management.

If you suspect you have symptoms of idiopathic hypersomnia or any sleep disorder, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and guidance on appropriate management strategies.

Reference Link

https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/life-style/new-sleep-disorder-affecting-millions-9068524/