Metoprolol

Metoprolol

Metoprolol is a powerful medication prescribed to treat high blood pressure in patients. This drug is made up of two active components, Metoprolol Tartrate and Metoprolol Succinate, both known for their effectiveness in controlling blood pressure. By relaxing the blood vessels and slowing down the heart rate, Metoprolol improves blood circulation and decreases blood pressure levels. The use of Metoprolol can provide significant benefits for those with hypertension, making it an important medication for managing this condition.

How Does Metoprolol Work?

Metoprolol works by blocking the action of certain hormones, such as adrenaline, that affect the heart and blood vessels. By doing so, it reduces the heart rate and the force with which the heart pumps blood. This results in a decrease in blood pressure and less strain on the heart.

What are the uses of Metoprolol?

Metoprolol is a medication primarily used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension), chest pain (angina), and certain heart rhythm disorders. It belongs to a class of medications known as beta-blockers, which work by blocking the action of certain natural chemicals in the body (such as adrenaline) that affect the heart and blood vessels.

Here are the key uses of metoprolol:

• Hypertension (High Blood Pressure): Metoprolol is commonly prescribed to lower blood pressure, helping to reduce the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and kidney problems associated with hypertension.
• Angina Pectoris (Chest Pain): Metoprolol can be used to manage stable angina, a type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle due to coronary artery disease. It helps to improve blood flow to the heart by reducing the workload on the heart.
• Heart Rhythm Disorders: Metoprolol is used to treat certain heart rhythm disorders like atrial fibrillation or supraventricular tachycardia. It helps regulate the heart's rhythm and can prevent abnormal heart rhythms.
• Heart Failure: In some cases, metoprolol may be prescribed as part of the treatment for heart failure to improve symptoms and reduce the risk of hospitalization.
• Migraine Prevention: Metoprolol has been found to be effective in preventing migraines in some individuals. It can reduce the frequency and severity of migraine attacks.
• Anxiety and Performance Anxiety: Occasionally, metoprolol may be used off-label to help manage symptoms of anxiety or performance anxiety (e.g., before public speaking) due to its ability to block the physical symptoms of anxiety such as increased heart rate.

How and when to take Metoprolol?

Metoprolol is available in two forms: normal tablet and extended-release tablet, which works for a longer time. The dosage of the tablet depends on the number of doses prescribed by the doctor. You can take it before or after each meal, but the extended tablet should only be taken once a day. As Metoprolol alters heart rates and blood vessels, it should not be taken in greater or lesser amounts than prescribed by the doctor. It is crucial not to change the dose of Metoprolol on your own, and always consult with your doctor if you need a change in the dose prescribed earlier.

What are the side effects of Metoprolol?

This drug may cause some metoprolol side effects, as listed below:

• Dizziness
• Stomach aches
• Vomiting
• Tiredness
• Gas in stomach
• Rash
• Runny nose
• Depression
• Constipation
• Fainting

Some of these side effects may be serious, and you should call your doctor if you feel any of them for a prolonged time or if they become too severe.

What precautions should be taken?

While taking the dose of this drug, take care of the following precautions:

• While consulting your doctor, you should inform them if you are allergic to Metoprolol, acebutolol, atenolol, bisoprolol, timolol, betaxolol, esmolol, labetalol, sotalol, nadolol, carvedilol, pindolol, propranolol, or any other ingredients of Metoprolol tablets.
• Tell your doctor and pharmacist what medicines (prescription and non-prescription) you have taken before. Be sure to mention if you take or plan to take the following: vitamins, nutritional supplements, herbal products, fluoxetine, paroxetine, etc.
• Inform the doctor if you have had any lung diseases, asthma, heart or liver diseases, diabetes, overactive thyroid glands, or allergies. 
• Inform your doctor if you suffer from slow heart rates or pheochromocytoma (a tumour of a gland near the kidney). Owing to these problems, the doctor may tell you whether or not to take Metoprolol.

What if you miss the dose of Metoprolol?

If you miss a dose of Metoprolol, you can take the missed dose as and when you remember it, but you can skip it if it is time for the next dose. It is advised to ask your doctor beforehand about such a situation. 

What if you take an overdose of Metoprolol?

Taking an overdose of Metoprolol can lead to difficulty breathing, slowing heartbeats, etc. In some cases, it may lead to Myocardial depression and Cardiovascular collapse. 

What are the storage conditions for Metoprolol?

• This drug should be stored at room temperature. Keep it between 15 -30C (59 - 86F).

• Store medication in original packaging, out of reach of children, and in a dry location.

Caution with other medicines

The following medicines may interfere with Metoprolol.

• Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
• Antidepressants
• Diphenhydramine
• Digoxin
• Clonidine

How quickly does Metoprolol show results?

Metoprolol typically begins working within two hours and reaches its full effect after about a week. It's normal to not feel any immediate changes in the body, but this doesn't indicate that the medication isn't effective.

Dosage for Metoprolol

• Adults:
  • For hypertension (high blood pressure): The usual starting dose is 25 to 100 mg once daily, with the maximum recommended dose typically not exceeding 400 mg per day.
  • For angina (chest pain) and heart failure: The initial dose may vary but is typically lower than for hypertension, starting at 25 to 100 mg once daily.
• Elderly:
  • Lower initial doses may be recommended for elderly patients, especially those with other medical conditions or impaired renal function.
• Pediatric:
  • Metoprolol is not typically recommended for pediatric use unless directed by a healthcare provider experienced in treating pediatric patients.
• Duration of Use:
  • Metoprolol is usually taken on a long-term basis to manage conditions such as hypertension or heart failure. It's important to continue taking the medication as prescribed, even if you feel well.
• Special Considerations:
  • Metoprolol may interact with other medications or medical conditions, so it's essential to inform your doctor about all the medications you are taking and any medical conditions you have.
  • It's important not to abruptly stop taking Metoprolol without consulting your doctor, as suddenly discontinuing the medication can lead to rebound hypertension or worsening of heart conditions.

Comparison of a Metoprolol medicine with a Carvedilol 

Both Metoprolol and Carvedilol work almost similarly and against similar diseases. The only difference is that Metoprolol is often a better choice if you have an abnormal heart rhythm or asthma. Carvedilol makes a great choice if you have weakened heart muscles.

FAQs

1. What is Metoprolol, and what is its primary purpose?

Metoprolol is a medication classified as a beta-blocker. It is primarily prescribed to treat conditions related to the heart and blood vessels, including hypertension (high blood pressure), angina (chest pain), heart failure, and certain heart rhythm disorders.

2. Are there different formulations of Metoprolol available?

Yes, Metoprolol comes in various formulations, including immediate-release tablets and extended-release capsules. The choice of formulation depends on your condition and the desired duration of action.

3. Are there common side effects associated with Metoprolol?

Common side effects may include fatigue, dizziness, slow heart rate, and cold extremities. These side effects can vary in intensity and impact individuals differently.

4. Can Metoprolol interact with other medications or substances?

Yes, Metoprolol may interact with other medications, including other blood pressure-lowering drugs and certain antidepressants. It is important to inform your healthcare provider about all the medications, supplements, and substances you are taking to avoid potential interactions.

5. Can Metoprolol be used to treat conditions other than heart-related issues?

While Metoprolol is primarily prescribed for heart-related conditions, it may also be prescribed to manage other conditions, such as migraine prevention and anxiety.

6. Are Metoprolol Succinate and Metoprolol Tartrate the same?

No, Metoprolol Succinate and Metoprolol Tartrate are not the same. They are different formulations of metoprolol, a beta-blocker medication used to treat various heart conditions. 

• Metoprolol Succinate is an extended-release formulation, which means it is released slowly and provides a steady level of the medication in the body over time. It is usually taken once daily.
• Metoprolol Tartrate is an immediate-release formulation, which means it is quickly absorbed and has a shorter duration of action. It is often taken multiple times per day.

7. Can Metoprolol Succinate cause erectile dysfunction?

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a potential side effect of beta-blockers like Metoprolol Succinate. While not everyone experiences this side effect, some individuals may notice changes in sexual function while taking metoprolol. If you have concerns about ED or other sexual side effects, discuss them with your doctor.

8. Can Metoprolol Succinate be taken twice a day?

Metoprolol Succinate is typically designed to be taken once daily due to its extended-release properties, which provide a steady level of medication in the body over 24 hours. Taking it twice a day is not usually recommended unless specifically instructed by a healthcare provider. Always follow your doctor's dosing instructions for Metoprolol Succinate to ensure safe and effective use.

References:

https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/Metoprolol/#:~:text=Metoprolol%3A%20medicine%20for%20high%20blood%20pressure%20(hypertension)%20%2D%20NHS https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25908023/#:~:text=Metoprolol%20is%20a%20moderately%20lipophilic,the%20potential%20for%20cardiovascular%20collapse
https://www.goodrx.com/Metoprolol/interactions

Disclaimer: The information provided here is not meant to substitute an advice from a healthcare professional. The information is not intended to cover all the possible uses, side-effects, precautions, and drug interactions. This information is not intended to suggest that using a specific drug is suitable, safe, or efficient for you or anyone else. The absence of any information or warning regarding the drug should not be interpreted as an implicit guarantee from the organisation. We strongly advise you to consult a doctor if you have any concerns about the drug and never use the medication without a doctor’s prescription.