Theophylline

Theophylline

Theophylline, an oral medication helps manage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other breathing disorders. Theophylline tablets offer a range of benefits, but it's essential to understand their proper use and potential risks.

In this blog, we'll explore the ins and outs of theophylline tablet uses, how to take it safely, and what side effects to watch out for. 

What is Theophylline?

Theophylline, or 1,3-dimethylxanthine, is a powerful medication used to treat various respiratory conditions. It belongs to a class of drugs called xanthines, which are chemically similar to caffeine and theobromine. Theophylline has a long history in medical use, dating back to 1895, when it was first extracted and synthesised. Initially, doctors used it as a diuretic. However, in 1922, doctors discovered its bronchodilator effect, leading to its clinical use in treating asthma.

Theophylline Tablet Uses

Theophylline tablets have a significant impact on treating various respiratory conditions. Doctors prescribe this medication to prevent and treat wheezing, breathlessness, and chest tightness caused by respiratory conditions (chronic bronchitis, asthma, emphysema, and other lung diseases). It relaxes & opens airways in the lungs, making breathing easier for patients.

The primary function of the drug theophylline is to control symptoms of asthma and other lung diseases. However, it's important to note that it does not cure these conditions. Patients need to continue taking theophylline even if they feel well. They should not stop taking the medication without consulting their doctor.

How to Use Theophylline Tablet

Doctors prescribe theophylline tablets to treat various respiratory conditions. Here are some important guidelines for using theophylline tablets:

• Take the medicine exactly as directed by the doctor. Do not take more or less than prescribed.
• Maintain a consistent blood level of the drug by taking it at the same time each day. It helps to keep the amount of drug theophylline in the blood constant.
• Take extended-release capsules or tablets every morning at the same time. The second dose, if prescribed, should be taken 10 to 12 hours after the morning dose & before the evening meal unless otherwise instructed by the doctor.
• Swallow extended-release tablets whole. Do not break, crush, or chew it.
• You can take extended-release tablets with or without food. However, taking extended-release capsules one hour before a high-fat meal or without food is best.
• Use a marked medicine cup or measuring spoon to ensure accurate dosing for oral liquid formulations. 
• If you miss a dose, take it as soon as possible. However, if it's almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and return to the regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.
• The dosage depends on various factors, including medical conditions, response to treatment, age, weight, lab tests (theophylline blood levels), and other ongoing medications.
• Inform the doctor about all ongoing prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products.
• The doctor may start with a minimum dose and gradually increase it to lower the chance of side effects. Follow these instructions carefully.
• Specific diets (high protein/low carbohydrate or high carbohydrate/low protein) may affect theophylline's effectiveness. Inform the doctor of any significant changes in diet, as dosage adjustments may be necessary.
• Continue taking the medication even if you are feeling well. Do not increase the dose; take it more often, or stop taking it without consulting the doctor first.

Side Effects of Theophylline Tablet

Common side effects of theophylline tablets include:

• Headache
• Irritability
• Restlessness
• Increased stomach acid secretion
• Sleeplessness or trouble sleeping
• Increased urine volume

The following are more serious side effects that require immediate medical attention:

• Chest pain or discomfort
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Fainting
• Irregular heartbeat (fast, slow, or pounding)
• Persistent vomiting
• Seizures
• Shakiness (tremors)

Precautions

• Patients taking the drug theophylline should exercise caution and follow specific guidelines to ensure safe and effective medication use. Regular check-ups with a doctor are crucial, especially during the initial weeks of treatment. These visits often include blood tests to monitor for any unwanted effects and to ensure the medication remains within the therapeutic range.
• It's essential to inform the doctor about any changes in behaviour or physical well-being, as these can affect how theophylline works in the body. Patients should report:
  • Fever of 102 degrees F or higher lasting 24 hours or more
  • Starting or stopping smoking tobacco or marijuana
  • Beginning or discontinuing other medications
  • Recent changes in diet
• Patients should stop using theophylline and seek immediate medical attention if they experience persistent nausea or vomiting, headaches, sleep disturbances, seizures, or irregular heartbeats. It's crucial not to alter the dosage or stop taking the theophylline medication without consulting a doctor first.
• Patients with certain systemic conditions, such as:
  • Cardiac arrhythmias 
  • Cystic fibrosis
  • Peptic ulcers
  • Liver issues
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Seizures

• Before undergoing any medical tests, patients should inform the medical professional in charge about their use of theophylline, as it may affect certain test results.
• Theophylline can impact the central nervous system (CNS) and can enhance the stimulant effects of caffeine-containing foods and beverages. While using this medication, patients should avoid consuming large amounts of chocolate, cocoa, tea, coffee, and cola drinks. It's best to consult with a doctor if unsure about dietary restrictions.

How Theophylline Tablet Works

Theophylline tablets significantly impact the respiratory system, helping patients breathe more easily. Theophylline works by relaxing the smooth muscles of the bronchial airways & pulmonary blood vessels.

By combining these various mechanisms, theophylline effectively treats asthma and COPD. It opens the lungs' airways, reduces inflammation, and modulates the immune response, making breathing easier for patients. 

Can I Take Theophylline with Other Medicines?

Theophylline has an impact on a wide range of medications, and patients need to exercise caution when combining it with other drugs. Some common medicines that interact with theophylline include:

• Antidepressants
• Cardiovascular medications
• Cimetidine
• Ciprofloxacin
• Erythromycin
• Gastrointestinal medications
• Methotrexate
• Pain relievers: Aspirin Low Strength and acetaminophen
• Respiratory medications

Dosing Information

For adults & children weighing more than 45 kg, the initial dose for asthma maintenance is typically 300 mg daily, divided into doses taken every 6 to 8 hours. 

Children and teenagers weighing less than 45 kg receive a dose based on their body weight. The initial dose is usually 12 to 14 mg per kg of body weight in a day, divided & given every 4 to 6 hours. 

FAQ's

1. What is theophylline mainly used for?

Theophylline is primarily used to treat respiratory conditions that obstruct the airways, such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. It helps prevent and treat symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. 

2. Who needs to take theophylline?

Doctors generally prescribe theophylline for people with breathing problems, particularly those with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is often recommended for patients whose symptoms are not adequately controlled by other medications or those who experience frequent exacerbations of their respiratory conditions. 

3. Should I take theophylline daily?

Yes, theophylline should be taken every day as prescribed by a doctor. It is a long-term medication that controls symptoms of asthma & other lung diseases but does not cure them.

4. Who can't take theophylline?

Several groups of people should exercise caution or avoid taking theophylline:

• Those with a hypersensitivity to theophylline or any component of its formulation
• Patients with coronary artery disease
• People with active peptic ulcer disease
• Individuals with seizure disorders
• Patients with severe liver impairment
• Those with certain heart conditions, such as irregular heartbeats

5. Can I stop theophylline anytime?

No, patients should not stop taking theophylline without consulting their doctor. Abruptly stopping the drug can lead to worsening of symptoms, including trouble breathing, which can be potentially fatal. 

6. Is theophylline an anticholinergic?

No, theophylline is not an anticholinergic. It belongs to a class of drugs called methylxanthines. Unlike anticholinergics, which block the action of acetylcholine, theophylline's mechanism of action involves inhibiting phosphodiesterase enzymes and antagonising adenosine receptors.

7. Why take theophylline at night?

The timing of theophylline administration depends on the specific formulation and the patient's needs. Some extended-release formulations are designed for once-daily dosing, which may be prescribed for nighttime use. Taking theophylline at night can help maintain therapeutic levels throughout the night and early morning hours when asthma symptoms often worsen.

Disclaimer: The information provided here is not meant to substitute an advice from a healthcare professional. The information is not intended to cover all the possible uses, side-effects, precautions, and drug interactions. This information is not intended to suggest that using a specific drug is suitable, safe, or efficient for you or anyone else. The absence of any information or warning regarding the drug should not be interpreted as an implicit guarantee from the organisation. We strongly advise you to consult a doctor if you have any concerns about the drug and never use the medication without a doctor’s prescription.