Itchy Eyes

Itchy eyes are a sensation of itchiness in one or both eyes, which can be due to a number of serious and common reasons. It can be a sign of infection or occur when irritants come into contact with the eyes and is mostly a harmless occurrence. Sometimes, it may also indicate a serious underlying health problem for which treatment from a healthcare provider may be necessary.

What are Itchy Eyes? 

Itchy eyes, medically termed as 'ocular pruritus', are a very common occurrence involving irritation and itchiness in one or both eyes. They are usually caused by allergens or irritants when they come into contact with the eyes. Sometimes, they may be caused by a condition known as dry eye syndrome. Itchiness at the base of the eyelids, resulting in eyelid inflammation due to the eyelashes, may also lead to itchy eyes. Itchy eyes can mostly be treated at home or by visiting a healthcare provider who may prescribe certain medications to resolve the itch and irritation.

Symptoms of Itchy Eyes

Itchy eyes may cause irritation in the eyes along with other symptoms and sensations in the eyes. These symptoms of itchy eyes may include the following:

• Watery or teary eyes
• Burning eyes
• Clear discharge
• Redness
• Funny nose
• Sneezing
• Discharge or accumulation of green or yellow pus 
• Blurred vision

What Causes Itchy Eyes?

Itchy eyes can be caused by exposure to allergens, irritants, and other substances, which can contribute to the itching sensation. It may occur due to a wide range of reasons, usually triggered by allergies that prompt the body to react and release histamine. This, in turn, causes dilation of the blood vessels in the eyes and leads to teary eyes. Itchy eyes can also be caused by various other factors, including:

• Eczema
• Dry eye syndrome
• Irritants coming into contact with the eyes
• Blepharitis, which is an inflammation of the eyelids caused by an infection
• Infection-related to the use of contact lenses
• Infections such as conjunctivitis or pinkeye
• Corneal ulcers

Determining the underlying cause of eye irritation and itchiness is best done by a doctor who may perform specific tests to diagnose a condition or provide a diagnosis based on the overall symptoms.

Diagnosis of Itchy Eyes

When visiting the doctor for symptoms of itchy eyes, the doctor may either provide a diagnosis based on the symptoms alone or perform certain tests. These tests may include allergy tests and a close examination of the eyes. If there is pus or any other discharge, the doctor may take a sample for further examination under the microscope.

Treatment of Itchy Eyes

Treatment for itchy eyes depends on the underlying cause. Here are some general approaches to relieve itchy eyes:

• Artificial Tears: Over-the-counter artificial tear eye drops can help lubricate the eyes and relieve itching, especially if dryness is the cause.
• Allergy Medications: If allergies are the culprit, over-the-counter or prescription antihistamines, decongestants, or mast cell stabilizers can be effective. These are available in both oral and eye drop forms.
• Avoid Allergens: If your itchy eyes are due to allergies, try to minimize your exposure to allergens. Keep windows closed during high pollen seasons, use air purifiers, and maintain a clean environment.
• Cold Compress: Applying a cold compress over closed eyelids can soothe itching and reduce inflammation.
• Prescription Medications: In severe cases, a healthcare provider may prescribe stronger medications or steroid eye drops to alleviate symptoms.
• Warm Compress: If the itching is due to blocked oil glands, a warm compress can help open the glands and relieve symptoms.
• Hygiene: Maintain good eye hygiene, keeping your hands and face clean. Avoid rubbing your eyes, as this can worsen the itch.
• Contact Lenses: If you wear contact lenses, make sure they are clean and disinfected properly. Consider switching to daily disposable lenses if eye irritation is a recurrent issue.
• Rest Your Eyes: Reducing eye strain by taking regular breaks during screen time and ensuring proper lighting can also help reduce eye discomfort.
• Consult an Eye Specialist: If itchy eyes persist despite over-the-counter treatments or if they are accompanied by other concerning symptoms, consult an eye specialist for a thorough evaluation and appropriate treatment.

How are Itchy Eyes treated?

The primary treatment for itchy eyes may involve placing a clean, cool washcloth on the affected eye(s) to provide relief or to clean away any pus or discharge. It is recommended to clean the hands with hand washing before touching the eyes to prevent the transfer of bacteria. In some cases, itchy eyes may resolve on their own without the need for medication.

If the symptoms of itchy eyes persist, it is advisable to visit a doctor to determine the underlying cause and begin appropriate treatment. If it is determined to be an allergic reaction, antihistamine medication may be prescribed. The doctor may also administer eye drops to flush out any irritants or allergens from the eyes.

In cases where itchy eyes are caused by other conditions such as conjunctivitis or blepharitis, the doctor may prescribe steroid medication to reduce inflammation and swelling. If itchy eyes are caused by a more serious condition such as an ulcer, surgery may be performed if deemed necessary by the treating doctor.

Natural home remedies for Itchy Eyes

Itchy eyes can often be addressed at home before considering a visit to the doctor. The symptoms typically subside over time if the underlying cause is not serious.

• The itching can be alleviated by using a clean, cool washcloth to cleanse the eyes or by applying an ice pack over the eyes. 
• Splashing the eyes with cold water may also provide relief for itchy eyes. 
• If the cause of itchy eyes is dryness in the air, using a humidifier or exposing the face to steam while maintaining a safe distance from hot, steamy water can help relieve the symptoms.

When caring for the sensitive areas around or over the eyes, it is advisable not to rub the eyes, as doing so may exacerbate the itching and potentially cause damage to the eyes.

When should I see my doctor?

Itchy eyes are a very common occurrence and often clear up on their own without requiring any treatment or medication. However, sometimes they may not improve with medications and proper care or may indicate an underlying problem. In such cases, it may be necessary to visit a doctor. Such circumstances may include:

• Pain in the eyes
• Swollen eyes
• Symptoms aren’t getting better
• Thick discharge from the eyes
• Closed eyelids or difficulty opening the eyes
• Blurry vision or change in vision
• Seeing a halo around lights
• Increased sensitivity to light
• The pupils are of different sizes

How to Prevent Itchy Eyes?

Itchy eyes can often be prevented by practicing certain habits at home and when outdoors.

• Wash hands with soap and water, or use an alcohol-based sanitizer before touching the eyes.
• Avoid touching the eyes with dirty hands, especially during allergy seasons, to prevent the transfer of allergens.
• Remove eye makeup before going to bed, and make sure to clean makeup brushes regularly to prevent the buildup of bacteria.
• Avoid wearing contact lenses for extended periods, and remember to remove them before bedtime. If wearing contact lenses causes irritation, it is best to refrain from wearing them.

Conclusion

Itchy eyes are a common problem often caused by allergic reactions or contact with irritants. They typically resolve on their own without the need for medication. However, if the symptoms persist or are accompanied by other symptoms, it may be necessary to visit a doctor.

FAQs

1. Are itchy eyes serious?

Itchy eyes are often not serious and are likely to be caused by infection, irritation, or allergens. They usually clear up on their own after some time.

2. How long does itchy eyes last?

Itchy eyes due to an infection, such as conjunctivitis, may last two to three days up to a week, while those caused by allergens may last almost 8 weeks, typically throughout the allergy season.

3. Is my itchy eye a symptom due to an allergy?

Itchy eyes may be a symptom of an allergy to any food, medicine, or other substances, including chemicals, jewelry, etc. Symptoms may reduce when contact with the substance is removed.

References:

https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/amp/article/itchy-eyes