Most people are born with two kidneys. They are bean-shaped organs located in the middle of the back, on either side of the spine. Each kidney weighs about five ounces and is about the size of a fist. One kidney, functioning at 20% capacity, can:

• Clean your blood and remove waste products through the formation of urine
• Balance fluids in the body by controlling water and salt concentrations
• Maintain the balance of the body’s chemicals (potassium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus)
• Control blood pressure

Many diseases, like diabetes and high blood pressure, can cause your kidneys to malfunction, and may lead to kidney disease or failure.

A liver transplant is an operation that replaces a patient’s diseased liver with a whole or partial healthy liver from another person. This article explains the current indications for liver transplantation, types of donor livers, the operation itself, and the immunosuppression that is required after transplantation.

A liver transplant is an operation that replaces a patient’s diseased liver with a whole or partial healthy liver from another person. This article explains the current indications for liver transplantation, types of donor livers, the operation itself, and the immunosuppression that is required after transplantation.

A pancreas transplant is a surgical procedure to place a healthy pancreas from a deceased donor into a person whose pancreas no longer functions properly.

Your pancreas is an organ that lies behind the lower part of your stomach. One of its main functions is to make insulin, a hormone that regulates the absorption of sugar (glucose) into your cells.

If your pancreas doesn’t make enough insulin, blood sugar levels can rise to unhealthy levels, resulting in type 1 diabetes.

While womb transplants offer “great hope” for women, the practice is still considered to be experimental because its protocols have not been standardised, argue the team of doctors. They carried out review in order to discuss emerging concerns that need to be addressed.

Screening of donors and recipients depends on institutional protocol, such as good health and absence of infection and cancer, but more detailed criteria is needed, they argue.