Hyperthyroidism in Men: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

In health and well-being, some conditions show mild signs before becoming serious. One such condition is thyroid disorders, especially hyperthyroidism. It often begins quietly but can have a major impact on overall health. This is particularly true for men, as they usually overlook or misread the symptoms since thyroid issues are more common in women. This blog explains hyperthyroidism in males, covering its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and when it is important to seek medical care.

Causes of High Thyroid Levels in Males

While less common in males than in females, thyroid disease can significantly disrupt one's quality of life. The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped organ in the front of the neck. It plays an important role in controlling metabolism, energy generation, and hormonal balance. Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland becomes hyperactive. It starts producing higher-than-normal levels of thyroid in males and females. This causes various changes in the body.  

The causes of high thyroid levels in males are multifaceted, including: 

• Autoimmune disorders, such as Graves' disease, lead the charge by tricking the immune system into attacking the thyroid, thereby increasing its activity. It is the most common cause of thyroid diseases in males.
• A family history of thyroid disease may increase the risk of thyroid disorders in males. 
• Excessive iodine intake or residing in the iodine deficiency area can lead to thyroid problems in men.
• Certain medical conditions, such as pituitary disorders, can indirectly affect thyroid function by disrupting the production of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
• Other contributors may include nodules that autonomously produce thyroid hormone and thyroid gland inflammation, which can result in temporary hyperthyroidism, a key component of thyroid hormones.

Symptoms of High Thyroid Disease in Males

Thyroid symptoms in males with hyperthyroidism can be misleading. They can be mistaken for signs of other health issues or lifestyle stressors. This may delay diagnosis and treatment. Main symptoms of hyperthyroidism are:

• Unexpected weight loss with no changes in diet or exercise routines
• Increased heat sensitivity
• A noticeable increase in heart rate and heart palpitations
• Swelling in the neck. There is a visible sign of an enlarged thyroid gland or goitre
• Difficulty concentrating or memory problems
• Mood swings, anxiety, and irritability  
• Muscle weakness and fatigue
• Reduced libido or erectile dysfunction
• Changes in bowel habits (constipation or diarrhoea)
• Hair loss or thinning
• Dry skin and brittle nails
• Difficulty in falling asleep and maintaining sleep
• Rarely, male breast enlargement (gynecomastia)

Diagnosis of Hyperthyroidism in Men

Diagnosing thyroid disorders in men involves a combination of clinical evaluation, symptom assessment, and specific diagnostic tests.  

• Physical assessment: Your doctor will conduct a thorough physical examination, focusing on the size of the thyroid gland, the presence of nodules, or signs of increased metabolism, such as a rapid heartbeat.
• Blood examination: Blood tests play an important role in diagnosing hyperthyroidism. These tests will measure thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) levels. In hyperthyroidism, TSH levels are decreased because of the excessive production of thyroid hormones. This is reflected in elevated T3 and T4 levels. 
• Thyroid antibody test: In Graves’ disease, which is an autoimmune thyroid disease, specific antibody tests may be done to detect antibodies that target the thyroid gland.
• Other imaging: For a more detailed assessment, your doctor may do some imaging tests like a thyroid scan or ultrasound to see the structure of the gland and identify if there are any irregularities.

If thyroid nodules are detected and there is concern about cancer, doctors may perform a biopsy to rule out the possibility.

Treatment for Hyperthyroidism in Men

The treatment for hyperthyroidism in men depends on the severity of the condition, the underlying reason, and the individual's overall health. Various treatment modalities are: 

• Medications: Antithyroid medications are often the first line of treatment. They work by hindering the thyroid's ability to produce hormones. These medications are effective but need careful monitoring to avoid undercorrecting or overcorrecting thyroid hormone levels. 
• Radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy: RAI therapy involves consuming a radioactive substance that selectively destroys overactive thyroid cells. This is done for a long-term solution but it may sometimes lead to hypothyroidism, which needs lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
• Surgery: When medication and radioactive therapy are unsuitable or ineffective, your doctor may consider surgery to remove a segment or all of the thyroid gland. This approach can provide relief from hyperthyroidism but the main problem is that it may cause hypothyroidism, requiring ongoing hormone supplementation.
• Symptomatic management: Depending on the specific symptoms experienced by the individual, doctors may recommend supportive treatments. They will address issues like increased heart rate, weight fluctuation, low energy, and sexual dysfunction.

When Should I See a Doctor?

It is important to know when to talk to a doctor to better manage your thyroid health. Thyroid symptoms in males, such as unexplained weight changes, persistent mood swings, or irregular heartbeats, warrant expert help. Similarly, if there's a visible enlargement in the neck or symptoms worsen despite initial treatment, it's time to reassess with a doctor.

Conclusion

Understanding and combating high thyroid in men is full of various challenges. Signs of thyroid in men can be managed by being attentive to symptoms, prompt diagnosis, and appropriate treatment. Awareness and education play pivotal roles in explaining thyroid diseases and encouraging individuals to seek help when needed.

FAQ's

1. Can men be diagnosed with thyroid disease?

Men can be diagnosed with thyroid disease, including hyperthyroidism. While less common than in women, thyroid disorders significantly affect men's health and require appropriate medical attention.

2. When do thyroid problems start in men?

Thyroid problems can begin at any age, but they most commonly appear during periods of hormonal or physiological change, such as adolescence, middle age, or after the age of 60. Certain lifestyle factors and genetic predisposition may also increase the likelihood of developing thyroid issues in men.

3. Can thyroid in men be cured?

The approach to treating thyroid disorders in men mainly depends on the actual cause and severity. While some conditions can be effectively managed or cured, others require lifelong management. Most men can have normal, healthy lives even with their thyroid condition with proper treatment.