7 Most Common Nutrient Deficiencies and How to Prevent

Updated on 12 October 2022

Table of Content

We all know that nutrients are extremely good for health. We must consume as many nutrients as possible to make ourselves fit and healthy. A balanced diet is key to remaining healthy as it contains all the nutrients required for our well-being. This article covers common symptoms of nutrient deficiency, some common nutrient deficiencies, and the best diet plan for a healthy life along with the ways you can easily overcome them by having the right food. So, let us begin!

Iron Deficiency

Iron is one of the most essential minerals required to stay healthy. It is a large component of red blood cells that is responsible for binding haemoglobin and transporting oxygen to your cells.

Noticing symptoms of iron deficiency is very easy as it affects around 25% of people worldwide. Women and children must take special care as this deficiency is primarily seen in them. The most common consequence of such deficiency is anaemia, wherein the number of red blood cells and the ability of the body to carry oxygen is reasonably reduced. Some common symptoms of iron deficiency are weak immune systems and impaired brain function.

To overcome such a situation, an individual must eat,

Red Meat
Shellfish
Canned Sardines
Beans
Leafy Green Vegetables
Seeds.

Iodine Deficiency

Iodine is one of the most essential minerals that help in the normal functioning of the thyroid and the production of thyroid hormones. Thyroid hormones are involved in many processes of the body like the development of the brain, bone maintenance, regulating metabolic rate, etc. The most common symptom of this deficiency is the enlarged thyroid gland. It can cause an increase in heart rate, shortness of breath, and weight gain. Iodine deficiency is seen in children and if severe, it may lead to mental retardation and brain abnormalities.

The best way to deal with iodine deficiency is to eat,

Dairy Products
Eggs (Yolk)
Fish
Fish Oil
Seaweed, etc.
Salt enriched with Iodine.

Vitamin D Deficiency

Vitamin D, also known as a steroid hormone, is produced from cholesterol present in the skin when exposed to sunlight. It is a fat-soluble vitamin which travels through the bloodstream and runs in every cell of the body. People who live far away from the equator are likely to have Vitamin D deficiency. Therefore, it is important to have Vitamin D in the diet to ensure the well-being of the body.

Vitamin D deficiency has many subtle symptoms and they may develop over the decades. Some common symptoms include muscle weakness, bone loss, increased risk of fractures, reduced immune system, and increased risk of cancer.

To overcome Vitamin D deficiency, one must increase the intake of,

Egg Yolk
Cod Liver Oil
Fatty fish
Sun exposure
Supplements of Vitamin D.

Calcium Deficiency

Calcium is important for every cell in our body. It increases the strength of our teeth and bones, especially during the growth years. Calcium also helps in bone maintenance. Without calcium, the heart, nerves, and muscles are not able to function properly. The calcium concentration in your blood must be tightly regulated. The most common symptom of Calcium deficiency is osteoporosis, wherein the bones become soft and fragile. If the situation is worsened, it can lead to soft bones, also known as rickets.

To have a sufficient amount of calcium in the body, individuals must eat,

Boned Fish
Dairy Products (Milk, Curd, Cheese, etc.)
Dark Green Vegetables
Calcium Supplements.

Vitamin A Deficiency

Vitamin A is an essential vitamin that results in the formation and maintenance of healthy skin, bones, teeth, and cell membranes. It also helps in producing eye pigments that improve visions. Now, there are two kinds of Vitamin A, i.e.,

Preformed Vitamin A (found in Animal Food)
Pro-Vitamin A (found in Fruits & Vegetables).

Vitamin A deficiency can cause permanent or temporary eye damage and might even lead to blindness. Vitamin A deficiency also weakens the immune system among women and children. Some common sources of Vitamin A are

Organ Meat
Fish
Liver Oil
Sweet potatoes
Carrots
Green vegetables, etc.

It is important to remember that too much intake of Vitamin A can cause toxicity in the body.

Magnesium Deficiency

Magnesium is one of the key minerals in our body. It is essential for keeping the bones and teeth intact. Less intake of magnesium can often lead to type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, and other heart diseases. Magnesium deficiency can be caused by disease, drug abuse, and reduced function of the digestive system. The symptoms of magnesium deficiency include abnormal heart rhythm, muscle cramps, leg syndrome, migraine, fatigue, etc.

The foods to be taken to cover up the deficiency include

Nuts
Dark Chocolate
Whole Grains
Vegetables, etc.

Vitamin B12 Deficiency

Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin that helps in the formation of blood in the body. This is required for efficient brain and nerve function. Every cell in our body needs Vitamin B12. This nutrient is found in animal foods. People who do not eat animal foods are at a higher risk of B12 deficiency. One of the common symptoms of B12 deficiency is megaloblastic anaemia. It is a blood disorder that enlarges our red blood cells. Other symptoms include impaired brain function, increased levels of homocysteine, etc. To overcome the B12 deficiency, a person can have foods like

Shellfish
Organ Meat
Eggs
Milk (Dairy) Products, etc.

It is possible to have a nutrient deficiency in the body. Children, women, and pregnant women have an increased risk of vitamin deficiency diseases. Now that you know how to avoid common nutrient deficiencies, the best way to get rid of such deficiencies is by having a balanced diet with ample amounts of nutrient-enriched foods.

Supplements are essential for those who don’t get many nutrients from the diet. Thus, it is important to stay healthy and fit by having a proper diet covering each and every nutrient. You can also contact the dietician for creating a personalized balanced diet. Please consult your dietician from the best nutrition hospital in India before choosing a diet.

Ms. Vidhya Sri

Sr. Clinical Consultant Dietician

CARE Hospitals, HITEC City