Postnatal Care: What is Postnatal Care and Its Importance

Postnatal care needs immediate attention worldwide. Most mothers and babies die in the first six weeks after delivery. The World Health Organisation (WHO) asks all mothers and newborns to get regular checkups during this crucial time. But only 48% of women and babies get this life-saving care globally.

The postpartum period starts right after childbirth and usually lasts 6 to 8 weeks. During this time, a mother's body slowly returns to its pre-pregnant state. This vital phase builds the foundation for the long-term health and well-being of both mother and infant. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists believes that postpartum care should flow continuously rather than happen in a single visit after delivery.

What is Postnatal Care?

The postnatal care plan encompasses complete healthcare services that mothers and newborns receive in the first six weeks after birth. The World Health Organisation suggests all mothers and newborns should have at least four postnatal checkups: within 24 hours, on day 3 (48-72 hours), between days 7-14, & at 6 weeks after birth. This marks a notable shift from earlier guidance that suggested only two postnatal visits. Healthcare facilities or trained providers making home visits can conduct these checkups.

Importance of Postnatal Care for Mothers and Newborns

Most maternal & infant deaths occur in the first month after birth, and that makes postnatal care vital. Nearly half of post-delivery maternal deaths occur within the first 24 hours. On top of that, many maternal deaths take place during the first week after delivery. Almost one million babies die on their first day of life. Regular postnatal checkups help doctors to:

• Monitor physical recovery and detect complications early
• Support breastfeeding initiation and continuation
• Provide counselling on nutrition and self-care
• Assess emotional well-being and screen for postpartum depression

Caring for Your Newborn: Essential Tips for Postpartum Baby Care

Simple care for all newborns involves several key elements. Breastfeeding benefits extend to both mother and baby. Women who breastfeed have lower possibilities of developing breast cancer, ovarian cancer, & type 2 diabetes. Everything in newborn care includes:

• Keeping the baby warm through skin-to-skin contact
• Practising good hand hygiene
• Providing proper umbilical cord and skin care
• Learning to recognise danger signs requiring medical attention

How Does Good Nutrition Support New Moms' Recovery?

A mother's recovery depends heavily on proper nutrition. New mothers need about 340-400 extra calories daily while breastfeeding mothers need 500 more calories. A balanced postnatal care diet should contain protein-rich foods, whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and iron-rich foods to make up for blood loss during delivery. Breastfeeding mothers need to stay well-hydrated. Mothers should continue taking iron and folic acid supplements for three months after birth.

Conclusion

Postnatal care is a vital safety net for mothers and babies during their most vulnerable period. Global statistics reveal concerning gaps in care delivery, and this six-week window after childbirth needs our complete attention. The fact that 75% of newborn deaths occur in the first week of life expresses the urgent need for proper postpartum care.

Doctors must follow the WHO's recommendation of at least four postnatal checkups. These visits allow doctors to detect complications early, help with successful breastfeeding, and monitor the mother's emotional well-being. Good newborn care techniques like skin-to-skin contact and proper hygiene practices boost a baby's chances of thriving substantially.

To heal properly after childbirth, a mother's body needs extra calories, protein-rich foods, and continued supplements. Therefore, detailed postnatal care packages should address both physical and nutritional requirements.

Postnatal care builds the foundation for long-term health outcomes. India's dramatic reduction in Maternal Mortality Ratio shows that positive change happens when we prioritise this vital period. Families and doctors must collaborate to ensure every mother and newborn receives full postnatal care, whatever their location or circumstances.

FAQs

1. How long will I experience vaginal bleeding after delivery?

Vaginal bleeding, known as lochia, is normal after giving birth and can last several weeks. The discharge changes from red to brown before it stops completely. You should use sanitary pads instead of tampons during the first 6 weeks to avoid infection risk. Call your doctor right away if you soak through a pad in less than an hour.

2. What can I do to manage perineal discomfort?

Perineal soreness commonly occurs after vaginal delivery. These steps can help ease your discomfort:

• Apply ice compresses or witch hazel pads to reduce swelling
• Rinse with lukewarm water after using the toilet
• Take sitz baths (sitting in warm water) for 20 minutes several times daily
• Always wash hands before and after caring for the area

3. Why do I have night sweats after having my baby?

Night sweats happen as your body adjusts hormonally and removes extra fluid from pregnancy. This is usually normal. You should talk to your doctor if you also experience anxiety or other concerning symptoms.

4. Is it normal to feel guilty if my labour didn't go as planned?

Many women feel disappointed or guilty when birth doesn't match their expectations. These feelings are valid and don't reflect on your ability as a mother. You can process these emotions by talking about your experience with your midwife, health visitor, or trusted friends.

5. When should I contact my doctor after giving birth?

Contact your doctor if you notice:

• Heavy bleeding (soaking a pad within an hour)
• Foul-smelling discharge
• Fever
• Severe pain
• Difficulty controlling bladder or bowel
• Feelings of depression or having thoughts of harming yourself or your baby

6. How soon can I resume sexual activity?

You can resume sexual activity once you feel ready and comfortable, usually around 4-6 weeks after birth. Wait at least 4 weeks if you have stitches. You will need contraception even before your periods return because pregnancy can occur.