Asthma

Ukwelashwa Okuhamba Phambili Kwe-Asthma e-Hyderabad, e-India

Isifuba somoya yisimo esivimba imigudu yakho yokuphefumula. Kungawenza abe mncane futhi avuvuke, kubangele amafinyila amaningi. Kuwuhlobo lwenkinga yokuphefumula ebangela ukukhwehlela, ukushaya ikhwela, noma ukuphefumula lapho ukhishwa umoya, kanye nokuphelelwa umoya. 

Isifuba somoya singase singakhululeki futhi siholele ezimeni ezinzima uma singelashwa. Ivimbela abantu ekwenzeni imisebenzi yempilo yansuku zonke. Kungase futhi kuholele ekuhlaselweni kwesifuba somoya esisongela ukuphila. Nakuba ingelapheki ngokuphelele, ukwelashwa okufanele kungasiza umuntu ukuba alawule izimpawu zayo. 

Izinhlobo Ze-Asthma

Isifuba somoya sihlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezahlukene ngokuya ngembangela nobukhulu bezimpawu. Abahlinzeki bezempilo bahlonza isifuba somoya ngokuthi:

• Izikhawu: Lolu hlobo lwesifuba somoya lubonakala ngeziqephu ezifika zidlule, ezivumela izikhathi zokujwayelekile phakathi kokuqubuka kwesifuba somoya.
• Okuphikelelayo: Isifuba somoya esiphikelelayo sibonisa izimpawu ezivamile neziqhubekayo, ezingaba zisuka komnene ziye ezinzima. Ubunzima bunqunywa ukuvama kwezimpawu, futhi abahlinzeki bezempilo baphinde bacabangele umthelela wemisebenzi yansuku zonke phakathi nokuhlasela.

I-asthma inezimbangela eziningi, okuhlanganisa:

• I-Allergic: Ukuhlasela kwe-Asthma kungase kuqalwe ukungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile, nezifo ezifana nesikhunta, impova, kanye ne-pet dander kuba yizigebengu ezivamile.
• I-non-allergic: Izinto zangaphandle ezifana nokuzivocavoca, ingcindezi, ukugula, nesimo sezulu kungadala ukuvutha kwesifuba somoya.

Isifuba somoya singahlukaniswa njenge:

• Ukuqala Kwabantu Abadala: Lolu hlobo lwesifuba somoya luqala ngemva kweminyaka eyi-18.
• Ezinganeni: Ekwaziwa nangokuthi i-asthma yezingane, ivamise ukuqala ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala eyi-5 futhi ingase yenzeke ezinganeni nasezinsaneni. Ezinye izingane zingase zikhule ngaphezu kwesifuba somoya, futhi izinqumo mayelana nokusebenzisa ama-inhalers ekuhlaselweni okungase kube khona kufanele kuxoxwe ngazo nabahlinzeki bezempilo ukuze kuqondwe ubungozi obuhlobene.

Ukwengeza, kunezinhlobo ezithile ze-asthma:

• Isifuba somoya esibangelwa ukuzivocavoca: Lolu hlobo lubangelwa ukuvivinya umzimba, lubizwa nangokuthi i-bronchospasm ebangelwa ukuzivocavoca.
• Isifuba somoya emsebenzini: Sithinta kakhulu abantu abachayeke ezintweni ezicasulayo emsebenzini.
• I-asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS): Lolu hlobo lwenzeka lapho kokubili isifuba somoya kanye izifo ezingama-pulmonary ezingapheli (COPD) akhona, okwenza ukuphefumula kube nzima.

Izinkinga Zesifuba Somoya

Izizathu zokuthi kungani abanye abantu behlaselwa yisifuba somoya kuyilapho abanye bengaziwa kubacwaningi. Nokho, izici ezithile zifaka isandla ekwenyukeni kwengozi:

• Ukungezwani komzimba: Ukuba khona kwe-allergies kwandisa amathuba okuba nesifuba somoya.
• Izici zemvelo: Ukuchayeka ezintweni ezicunula imigudu yomoya, njengezinto ezingezwani nomzimba, ubuthi, intuthu, kanye nentuthu kagwayi wesibili noma wesithathu, kungaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwesifuba somoya. Lokhu kuthinta ikakhulukazi izinsana nabantwana abancane, amasosha abo omzimba asesesigabeni sokukhula.
• I-Genetics: Abantu abanomlando womndeni wesifuba somoya noma izifo ezingezwani nomzimba babhekene nengozi enkulu yokuba nalesi simo.
• Izifo zokuphefumula: Izifo ezithile zokuphefumula, okuhlanganisa i-respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), zingabangela ukulimala emaphashini akhulayo ezingane ezincane, okungase kuholele ekuthuthukisweni kwesifuba somoya.

Izimpawu Zesifuba Somoya

Izimpawu zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu futhi zishintshe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kuya ngezimo, ukuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya, amaza, izimbangela, nezinye izizathu. Omunye angase ahlangabezane nesibonakaliso nesibonakaliso esihlukile kunomunye. Nokho, izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa;

• Ukuphelelwa umoya

• Ukuqina kwesifuba

• ubuhlungu besifuba

• Ukushaywa umoya ngesikhathi sokukhipha umoya ezinganeni  

• Inkinga yokulala ngenxa yokuphelelwa umoya, ukukhwehlela noma ukuhefuzela

• Ukuhlasela kokukhwehlela noma ukuhefuzela okuba kubi kakhulu ngenxa yamagciwane okuphefumula afana nomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane.

Ezinye izimpawu zingaba zimbi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi

• Isifuba somoya esibangelwa ukuzivocavoca- Izinkathi zasebusika zingathinta isimiso sokuphefumula esimpofu, umoya obandayo nowomile unesibopho sesifuba somoya esibangelwa ukuzivocavoca.

• Umsebenzi - kubangelwa izingxenye zasendaweni yokusebenza njengamakhemikhali, umusi, amagesi noma uthuli.

• I-Allergies - lezi zinto ezisusa izinto zomoya njengempova, izinhlamvu zesikhunta, imfucumfucu yezinambuzane noma izinhlayiya zesikhumba namathe omisiwe ezilwane ezifuywayo.

Izingozi Zezingozi 

Ziningi izinto ezinomthelela ekwandeni nokwenza umuntu athambekele kwisifuba somoya. Lokhu kubandakanya okulandelayo- 

• Ufuzo - Uma abazali bakho noma izingane zakini zinesifuba somoya

• Uma unesinye isimo sokungezwani komzimba njenge-atopic dermatitis. Ibanga isikhumba esibomvu, esilumayo futhi ingaba ne-hay fever. Lokhu kungabangela ukugeleza kwekhala, ukuminyana kanye namehlo alumayo.

• Ukuba ngokweqile

• Ukuba ngumuntu obhemayo

• Ukuchayeka entuthuni kagwayi

• Ukuchayeka kuntuthu wokukhipha umoya

• Ukungcola

• Ukuchayeka kuzibangeli zomsebenzi

Sifo

Ukuxilongwa kuyadingeka ukuze kuhlolwe uhlobo lwesifuba somoya umuntu anaso. Ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezi-4- ukuphikelela okuncane, ukuphikelela okuncane, ukuphikelela okumaphakathi, noma ukuphikelela kanzima. 

Ukuhlola kuhlanganisa- ukuhlolwa komzimba, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu kanye nokuhlolwa okwengeziwe.

Ukuhlolwa komzimba 

Lokhu kwenziwa esibhedlela sokwelashwa kwesifuba somoya e-Hyderabad ukuze kuhlelwe futhi kwaziwe ezinye izizathu ezinjengokutheleleka kokuphefumula noma i-COPD (izifo ezingama-pulmonary ezingapheli). Odokotela noma udokotela bazobuza ngezimpawu nezimpawu umuntu adlula kuzo. Bazokwazi umlando ogcwele wezokwelapha wesiguli.

Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu 

Lokhu kuhlola kwenziwa ukuze kwaziwe ukusebenza okuyisisekelo kwamaphaphu. 

• I-Spirometry - Izokwazi izinga lokuncipha kwamashubhu akho e-bronchial. Lokhu kuhlolwa ngokwazi inani lomoya okhishwe ngemva kokuphefumula okujulile. Kuphinde kwahlulelwa ngezinga lokuphefumula.

• Ukugeleza okuphezulu- Kuwumshini okala ukuthi uphefumula kanzima kangakanani. Uma ukugeleza okuphansi kakhulu kubonisa ukuthi amaphaphu angasebenzi kahle noma isifuba somoya siya ngokuba sibi kakhulu. Odokotela bazokuqondisa ukuthi ungalandelela kanjani futhi ubhekane nokugeleza okuphezulu okuphansi.

Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa ngaphambi nangemuva kwemithi ezovula imigudu yakho yokuphefumula. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-bronchodilator. Uma isimo sithuthukiswa ngosizo lwe-bronchodilator, kungase kube ngenxa yesifuba somoya.

Ukuhlolwa okungeziwe

• Inselele ye-Methacholine- Yaziwa ngokuthi i-asthma trigger futhi uma ihogelwa izokwenza ukuthi imigudu yomoya ibe mncane. Uma isiguli sisabela ku-methacholine, singase sibe nesifuba somoya. 

• Ukuhlolwa kwesithombe- I-X-ray yesifuba ikwazi ukubona ukungahambi kahle kwesakhiwo noma yiziphi izifo. Ukutheleleka okwandisa izinkinga zokuphefumula nakho kungabonakala. 

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-nitric oxide- Ukuhlolwa kuhlaziya inani le-nitric oxide elikhona emoyeni wakho. Uma imigudu yomoya ivuvukala, lokhu kuyinkomba yesifuba somoya. Amazinga e-nitric oxide nawo angaba makhulu kunokuvamile. 

• I-Sputum eosinophils - Ikhomba amangqamuzana athile amhlophe egazi (ama-eosinophils) ezixazululweni zamathe namafinyila (isikhwehlela) aqoqwe ekukhwehleleni. Izimpawu zitholwa njengoba ama-eosinophils angabonakala enamabala njengodayi onombala werose.

• Ukuhlolwa okucasulayo kokuzivocavoca noma isifuba somoya esibangelwa ukubanda- Ngemva kokwenza i-HIIT noma umsebenzi womzimba, odokotela bazokala izithiyo emigwaqweni yomoya.

Ukwelashwa 

Ukumisa ukuhlasela kwesifuba somoya kanye nezimbangela ezihlobene nakho, kungcono ukhethe ukuvimbela kanye nokulawula isikhathi eside. Ukwelashwa kubandakanya lokhu okulandelayo-

• Yazi izimbangela zakho 

• Gwema izinto ezikubangelayo 

• Landelela ukuphefumula 

• Imithi 

• Yiba ne-inhaler ekhulula ngokushesha.

Imithi

• Umuthi unqunywe odokotela base-CARE Hospitals ngokuya ngeminyaka yakho, izimpawu, izinto ezikubangelayo kanye nokuthi yini ezenza zilawuleke.

• Imithi yesikhathi eside izonciphisa ukuvuvukala noma ukuvuvukala emigwaqweni yomoya. Kukhona ama-bronchodilator noma ama-inhaler asiza ngokushesha akwazi ukuvula le migudu yokuphefumula. Imithi ye-Allergic inqunywe ochwepheshe bezokwelapha ukuze kudambise ukungakhululeki ngenkathi uphefumula.

• Imithi yokulawula isifuba somoya yesikhathi eside ithathwa nsuku zonke. Lezi yizinsika zokwelashwa kwe-asthma futhi zigcine zilawula. Izinhlobo ziyi-

1. Imithi

2. Ama-inhalers ahlanganisiwe

3. Theophylline

• Imithi yokusiza ngokushesha- ukuhlasela kwesifuba somoya okusheshayo noma kwesikhashana kungelashwa ngokufanayo. Izinhlobo ziyi-

1. Ama-beta-agonists abamba isikhathi esifushane 

2. Ama-Anticholinergic agents 

3. I-corticosteroids yomlomo kanye ne-intravenous 

• I-reliever esheshayo iwusizo olungcono kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa okuphuthumayo.

• Umuntu kufanele alandelele ama-puffs futhi abonane nodokotela masonto onke noma ama-biweekly.

I-Bronchial Thermoplasty 

• Isetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifuba somoya esinamandla esingasizwa nge-corticosteroids ephefumulelwe noma eminye imithi. 

• Udokotela ushisa ingaphakathi lamaphaphu. Yenziwa ngosizo lwe-electrode futhi ithambisa futhi ibushelelezi imisipha. Ngeke ivumele imigudu yomoya ukuthi ihlangane futhi izokwenza ukuphefumula kube lula. Kuwukwelapha okungajwayelekile ukwelapha iziguli ezinesifuba somoya.

Ubona nini udokotela?

Funa usizo oluphuthumayo

Ukuhlaselwa kwesifuba somoya okunzima kungabeka ukuphila kwakhe engozini. Sebenza nodokotela wakho ukuze uqonde lapho udinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo. Izimpawu zokuthi udinga usizo oluphuthumayo zifaka:

• Ukuwohloka okusheshayo kokuphelelwa umoya noma ukushaywa umoya
• Akukho ngcono ngemva kokusebenzisa i-inhaler ekhulula ngokushesha
• Ukuphefumula kanzima ngisho nomsebenzi omncane

Xhumana nodokotela wakho

Kufanele ubone udokotela wakho uma:

• Ucabanga ukuthi unesifuba somoya, ikakhulukazi uma ukhwehlela njalo noma ukushaywa umoya okuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbalwa noma ezinye izimpawu zesifuba somoya. Ukwelapha isifuba somoya kusenesikhathi kungavimbela ukulimala kwamaphaphu isikhathi eside.
• Udinga usizo lokulawula isifuba somoya wakho ngemva kokuxilongwa. Ukusebenza nodokotela wakho ukuze ugcine isifuba somoya silawulwa kukusiza uzizwe ungcono futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa kanzima.
• Izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi. Uma imithi yakho ingasebenzi noma udinga ukusebenzisa i-inhaler yakho ekhulula ngokushesha kaningi, thintana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.
• Ungathathi imithi eyengeziwe ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho. Ukusebenzisa imithi ngokweqile kungaholela emiphumeleni engemihle futhi kubhebhethekise isifuba sakho somoya.

Buyekeza njalo ukwelashwa kwakho

Isifuba somoya singashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kubalulekile ukuhlangana nodokotela wakho njalo ukuze nixoxe nganoma yiziphi izinguquko ezimpawu zakho futhi ulungise ukwelashwa kwakho njengoba kudingeka.

Kungani Khetha Izibhedlela Ze-CARE?

Ngemithombo ebanzi nebanzi, Izibhedlela ze-CARE, okuyizibhedlela ezihamba phambili zokwelapha isifuba somoya e-Hyderabad, zihlinzeka ngezikhungo zezokwelapha ezisezingeni lomhlaba ngenhloso yokwelapha iziguli zazo ngendlela engcono kakhulu. Sisebenzela ukuletha ukuxilonga nokwelashwa kwangempela. Isifuba somoya siyisimo esijwayelekile futhi ngenxa yokwanda kwe-COVID-19, sesisibi kakhulu kubantu abaningi. Uma izinyathelo ezifanele zithathwa ngesikhathi esifanele, ukwelashwa ezibhedlela ze-CARE kungasebenza izimanga. Thola ukwelashwa esibhedlela esingcono kakhulu sokwelashwa kwesifuba somoya eHyderabad.