Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

Ukwelashwa Kwamakhemikhali Okuhamba Phambili e-Hyderabad, India

Izibhedlela ze-CARE zinikeza ukuxilonga okuphelele nokwelashwa komdlavuza okunikezwa odokotela abaqeqeshiwe nodokotela abahlinzayo. Thina, eZibhedlela ze-CARE, silwela ukuhlinzeka ngemithi yokwelapha yokunakekelwa komdlavuza nezinkonzo ezisezingeni lomhlaba ngethimba lemikhakha eminingi yodokotela nabahlinzeki bokunakekela abasekelwa izikhungo ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ubuchwepheshe besimanje, kanye nemishini. Sinikeza anhlobonhlobo zokwelapha umdlavuza kuhlanganise i-oncology yezokwelapha, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, kanye ne-oncology yokuhlinzwa ehlanganisa ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali e-Hyderabad.

I-Chemotherapy iyindlela yokwelapha umdlavuza ngaphansi kwe-oncology yezokwelapha isebenzisa izidakamizwa ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi isebenza ngempumelelo ekwelapheni umdlavuza uma kuhlanganiswa nezinye izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza ezifana nokwelashwa ngemisebe kanye i-oncology yokuhlinzwa. Izidakamizwa zibhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza ngokumisa ngokuphelele ukusabalala noma ngokunciphisa ukukhula kwamangqamuzana anomdlavuza. I-Chemotherapy isetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza ovela njalo noma umdlavuza oyingozi (amangqamuzana omdlavuza asakazekela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba). Imithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali ithathwa ngomlomo noma ngomthambo ngokujova ngokuqondile oketshezini oluzungeze ubuchopho noma imbobo yesisu. 

Izinhlobo ze-chemotherapy

Izinhlobo ezintathu zokwelapha ngamakhemikhali ziyatholakala:

1. I-Neoadjuvant chemotherapy

I-Neoadjuvant chemotherapy ilethwa esigulini ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa noma izinqubo zemisebe. Le ndlela inconywa uma isimila sikhulu kakhulu noma indawo yesimila kunzima ukuyihlinza. Izidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa kulolu hlobo lokwelapha zisiza ukunciphisa ubukhulu besimila ukuze kuhlinzekwe ngendlela efanele

       2. I-Adjuvant chemotherapy

I-Adjuvant chemotherapy ilethwa esigulini ngemva kokuhlinzwa noma inqubo yokukhishwa kwemisebe ukusiza ukuhlanza noma imaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele angabonakali ekuhlolweni kwesithombe. Lokhu kwelashwa kunciphisa amathuba okubuya komdlavuza.

      3. I-Palliative chemotherapy

I-Palliative chemotherapy isetshenziselwa ukuphatha izimpawu zomdlavuza.

Isetshenziswa kanjani i-chemotherapy 

I-Chemotherapy ingasetshenziswa ngezindlela eziningi, ezinye zazo ezihlanganisa:

• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ngomlomo kuhlanganisa amaphilisi, uketshezi, noma amaphilisi enzelwe ukugwinywa.

• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali emthanjeni kubeka umuthi ngqo emithanjeni kusetshenziswa umugqa.

• I-chemotherapy yomjovo isebenzisa isibhamu kumsipha wengalo, ithanga, noma inqulu, njll.

• I-Intrathecal chemotherapy ihlanganisa ukujova phakathi kwesikhala sezingqimba ezimboze ubuchopho nomgogodla.

• I-Intraperitoneal chemotherapy iqondiswa ngqo emathunjini, esiswini, nesibindi.

• I-intraarterial chemotherapy ihlanganisa ukujova ngqo emithanjeni eholela esimila.

• I-chemotherapy ye-topical ifika ngesimo sikakhilimu okuhloswe ukuthi ugcotshwe esikhumbeni.

I-chemotherapy iwuphatha kanjani umdlavuza? 

I-Chemotherapy iwuhlobo lwemithi oluhlelekile, olujikeleza egazini futhi lufinyelele kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba.

Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo ze-chemotherapy, ngokuvamile ezihlanganisa amakhemikhali anamandla aklanyelwe ukulwa nomdlavuza ngokukhomba amaseli ezigabeni ezithile zomjikelezo weseli. Umjikelezo wamaseli yindlela amaseli amasha akhiqizwa ngayo. Amaseli omdlavuza enza le nqubo ngesivinini esisheshayo uma kuqhathaniswa namaseli avamile, okwenza ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kube nomthelela ikakhulukazi kulawa maseli ahlukana ngokushesha.

Uma kubhekwa ukuthi i-chemotherapy ithinta wonke umzimba njengoba ihamba egazini, ingalimaza namaseli anempilo adlula umjikelezo wawo wamaseli ojwayelekile. Ngenxa yalokho, i-chemotherapy ihlotshaniswa nemiphumela engemihle njengokulahlekelwa izinwele nokucanuzela kwenhliziyo.

Ukunquma ngomuthi we-chemotherapy

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemithi ye-chemotherapy etholakalayo yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali e-Hyderabad ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza. Isinqumo sithathwe udokotela ukufaka uhlobo lomuthi ohlelweni lokwelapha kuye ngalezi zinto ezilandelayo:

• Uhlobo lomdlavuza,

• Isigaba umdlavuza okuso njengamanje,

• Uma isiguli sake saba ne-chemotherapy ngaphambili,

• Uma isiguli sinezinye izinkinga zempilo ezifana nesifo sikashukela noma izinkinga zenhliziyo.

Ukuthola kangaki ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

Amashejuli okwelashwa okunikeza i-chemotherapy angahluka kuye ngesiguli. Ukuvama nobude be-chemotherapy kunganqunywa izici ezithile:

• Uhlobo lomdlavuza kanye nesiteji,

• Inhloso yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali (ukulawula ukukhula komdlavuza, ukwelapha ngokuphelele, noma ukudambisa izimpawu),

• Uhlobo lwe-chemotherapy isiguli esingaluthola,

• Ukusabela komzimba wesiguli ku-chemotherapy.

I-Chemotherapy ingase inikezwe ngemijikelezo elandelwa isikhathi sokuphumula. Isikhathi sokuphumula sivumela umzimba ukuthi ululame futhi uvuselele amaseli amasha anempilo. Kungcono ukungaphuthelwa isikhathi sokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali. Kodwa-ke, uma kwenzeka kungakhathaliseki ukuthi, odokotela banganikeza isimiso sokwelashwa esihlukile.

I-chemotherapy ingathinta kanjani

I-Chemotherapy ithinta abantu abahlukene ngezindlela ezahlukene, okuncike ku:

• Uhlobo lwe-chemotherapy olusetshenziswayo,

• Umthamo wezidakamizwa onikezwayo,

• Uhlobo lomdlavuza,

• Isigaba sokuthuthuka komdlavuza,

• Izimo zezempilo ngaphambi kwe-chemotherapy.

Imiphumela emibi ye-chemotherapy

Nakuba izidakamizwa ze-chemotherapy zingasebenza ekuqedeni amangqamuzana anomdlavuza, le mithi ijwayele ukucekela phansi amangqamuzana anempilo omlomo, amathumbu, nezinye izingxenye zomzimba ezingadala imiphumela engemihle ebonakalayo ezigulini ezilashwa ngamakhemikhali. Eminye yemiphumela emibi ye-chemotherapy ihlanganisa:

• Ukuqothuka kwezinwele,

• Ukuphalaza nesicanucanu,

• I-anemia,

• Uhudo,

• Ukukhathala,

• Izilonda emlonyeni,

• Inani leplatelet eliphansi.

Inqubo ye-chemotherapy

Ngikulungiselela kanjani ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali?

Udokotela wakho uzohlola ukuthi uphile saka ngokwanele yini ukuthola i-chemotherapy ngokuhlolwa. Okwamanje, ungalungela ukwelashwa:

• Funda ngokwelashwa kwakho: Thola okwengeziwe mayelana nezidakamizwa zakho ze-chemo, izinzuzo zazo, kanye nemiphumela engemihle engenzeka. Buza udokotela wakho futhi ubheke izinsiza eziku-inthanethi noma amaqembu okusekela ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.
• Lungiselela imiphumela engemihle: Hlela kusengaphambili imiphumela engemihle engase ibe khona. Isibonelo, uma izinwele ziqothuka, cabanga ngokuthola iwigi noma izikhafu. Uma izinguquko zesikhumba zilindelekile, thenga imikhiqizo yokunakekela isikhumba emnene. Ziningi izindlela zokuzilungiselela.
• Vakashela udokotela wamazinyo: Ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa, qiniseka ukuthi amazinyo akho anempilo ukuze ugweme izinkinga zamazinyo, njengoba ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kungabangela izilonda emlonyeni futhi kuthinte ama-taste buds.
• Lawula ezezimali: Nakuba umshwalense omningi uhlanganisa ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, ukuqonda ukukhava kwakho kanye nokuhlola izinhlelo zokusiza isiguli kungadambisa ingcindezi yezezimali. Bheka izinsiza ezifana ne-National Cancer Institute ukuze uthole izinsiza zokusekela.
• Hlela emsebenzini: Xoxa nomqashi wakho ngokuthi ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kungawuthinta kanjani umsebenzi wakho. Hlola izinketho ezifana namashejuli ashintshiwe, umsebenzi okude, noma ukuthatha ikhefu ngezinsuku zokwelashwa.
• Yakha isimiso sokwelashwa: Qonda ukuthi ukwelashwa kwakho kubandakanyani, okuhlanganisa indawo ezungezile nobude besikhathi. Hlela ngokufanele, njengokupakisha isidlo sasemini sesikhathi eside noma ukwenza imisebenzi efana nezincwadi noma umculo ukuze kudlule isikhathi. Cabangela ukudla okulula ngaphambi kokwelashwa ukuze uvimbele isicanucanu.

Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokwelashwa?

Indlela i-oncologist yakho ephatha ngayo i-chemotherapy izothonya ulwazi lwakho ngokwelashwa.

I-Chemotherapy ivame ukunikezwa ngokuhlelekile, okusho ukuthi umuthi ujikeleza kuwo wonke umzimba wakho. Lokhu kungenziwa ngezindlela eziningi:

• I-Intravenous (IV): Ilawulwa ngomthambo, ovame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukumnika. Iningi labantu lithola i-chemotherapy nge-IV.
• Umjovo: Inikezwe njengeshothi.
• I-Oral: Inikezwa njengephilisi noma uketshezi olugwinya.
• Isihloko: Sisetshenziswa njengokhilimu ozogcotshwa esikhumbeni.

Komdlavuza othile ongaphenduli kahle ku-systemic chemotherapy, ukwelashwa kungase kuqondiswe endaweni ethile yomzimba. Izibonelo zifaka:

• I-intra-arterial chemotherapy: Ilethwa emithanjeni ehlinzeka ngegazi esimila.
• I-Intracavitary chemotherapy: Ingeniswa ngokuqondile emgodini womzimba, njengesinye noma isisu. Okuhlukile okunye i-hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), lapho ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali okushisayo kufakwa esiswini ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
• I-Intrathecal chemotherapy: Ilawulwa esikhaleni esiphakathi kobuchopho nomgogodla.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukwelashwa nge-chemo?

Ubude besikhathi se-chemotherapy buhluka ngokuya ngohlobo oluthile lokwelashwa. Iseshini ingaba kusuka emaminithini ambalwa kuya emahoreni ambalwa, futhi kwezinye izimo, ukumnika okuqhubekayo kwezinsuku ezihlala njalo kungase kudingeke. Ukujova njalo kungase kuqale esibhedlela noma esikhungweni sokumnika futhi kuqhubeke ekhaya.

Ngokuvamile, imijikelezo eminingi ye-chemotherapy iyadingeka. Umjikelezo owodwa ungase uthathe izinsuku ezimbalwa noma amasonto, okulandelwa ikhefu ukuze uvumele umzimba wakho ukuthi ululame. Kamuva, omunye umzuliswano we-chemotherapy ungase ulandele, ukugcina iphethini yokwelashwa kanye namakhefu.

Imvamisa yokwelashwa ingahluka, kanti abanye abantu bathola i-chemotherapy nsuku zonke, masonto onke, noma nyanga zonke.

Ungazi kanjani ukuthi i-chemotherapy iyasebenza

Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, kungase kudingeke uhlangane nodokotela wakho kaningi. Odokotela bethu bazonakekela okuphelele ukuze babheke izimpawu zezinye izinkinga ezibangelwa ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali. Udokotela angase enze ukuhlola ngokomzimba noma ahlele ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kanye nezikena ezingase zihlanganise ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo, i-MRI, i-CT scan, noma i-PET scan. Lokhu kuhlola nokuskena kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kunikezwe ukuqonda ngenqubekelaphambili yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali. 

Chofoza lapha ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nezindleko zalokhu kwelashwa.