I-Colorectal Cancer/ I-Colon Cancer

Ukwelashwa Okungcono Kakhulu Komdlavuza We-Colorectal/Colon e-Hyderabad, e-India

Umdlavuza we-Colorectal, owaziwa nangokuthi umdlavuza wekoloni, uwuhlobo lomdlavuza oqala ethunjini elikhulu (ikholoni) noma i-rectum yomzimba. Ikholoni kanye ne-rectum zakha ingxenye engezansi yesimiso sokugaya ukudla komuntu. 

I-Colon Cancer ngokuvamile ivela kubantu abadala. Nokho, kungase kwenzeke nakunoma iyiphi enye iminyaka. Umdlavuza wekoloni ngokuvamile uqala ngezigaxa zamangqamuzana ezingenawo umdlavuza ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-polyps. Lawa maseli akheka ngaphakathi kwekholoni. Ekugcineni, lawa ma-polyps angaphenduka abe amangqamuzana anomdlavuza. 

Izimpawu kanye nokubukeka komdlavuza wekoloni ngokuvamile kuncike kusayizi nesigaba somdlavuza ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa. Lolu wuhlobo oluvamile lomdlavuza. 

Izigaba ze-Colorectal Cancer

Izigaba zomdlavuza we-colorectal zinganqunywa ngenqubo yesiteji. Lokhu kuzosiza odokotela baqonde isigaba somdlavuza. Ngokunjalo, udokotela uzophakamisa izindlela zokwelapha ezidingekayo. Kunezigaba ezahlukahlukene zomdlavuza we-colorectal njenge:

• 0 internship: Lesi sigaba saziwa nangokuthi i-carcinoma in situ lapho amaseli angavamile akhiwe kuphela olwelweni lwekholoni noma lwe-rectum. 
• 1 internship: Kulesi sigaba, amangqamuzana angavamile akhula esuka olwelweni lwekholoni noma i-rectum abe ungqimba lwemisipha. Kuze kube manje, isimila ngeke sisabalele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. 
• 2 internship: Kulesi sigaba, umdlavuza uqala ukusakazekela ezindongeni ze-rectum noma ikholoni noma izicubu eziseduze. Kodwa-ke, kulesi sigaba, umdlavuza awukawathinti ama-lymph nodes. 
• 3 internship: Kulesi sigaba, umdlavuza ugcina udlulele kuma-lymph nodes kuyilapho ungakazithinti ezinye izitho/izitho zomzimba. 
• 4 internship: Lesi yisigaba sokugcina somdlavuza wesikhumba. Kulesi sigaba, umdlavuza uqala ukuhamba uye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba okuhlanganisa amaphaphu nesibindi. 

Izinhlobo ze-Colorectal Cancer

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza we-colorectal. Enye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza i-adenocarcinoma. I-Adenocarcinoma ibhekisela esimila esiqala olwelweni lwezitho zangaphakathi. Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza lungakheka ngisho nasezithweni ezahlukene njengebele noma amaphaphu. Ezinye izinhlobo ezimbalwa zomdlavuza we-colorectal zingabandakanya:

• I-Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST): Lokhu kubhekisela kusimila esiqala esicutshini sezicubu zomgudu wokugaya ukudla. Kodwa-ke, lesi simila asivamile ukwenzeka kukholoni. Baqala isimila esingenamdlavuza kodwa singaba nomdlavuza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi okwaziwa ngama- sarcoma.
• Lymphoma: Lokhu kubhekisela ohlotsheni lomdlavuza ovame ukuqala ku-lymph node yamasosha omzimba bese udlulela kukholoni noma ku-rectum. Kodwa-ke, lo mdlavuza ungakhula ngisho nasekholoni noma ku-rectum ekuqaleni.
• Ama-Carcinoids: I-Carcinoids ibhekisela esimila esiqala emangqamuzaneni akhethekile akhiqiza amahomoni emathunjini. Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza ngokuvamile alunazo izimpawu futhi lungelapheka kuphela ngokuhlinzwa.
• I-Turcot Syndrome: I-Turcot syndrome isifo esingavamile esingadala umdlavuza wekoloni, i-colorectal polyposis, namathumba ebuchosheni. Abantu abanalesi sifo batholwe ngokuguqulwa kwe-MLH1, APC, ne-MSH2 ezakhini zofuzo ezahlukene.

Izimpawu ze-Colorectal Cancer

Izimpawu ezihlobene nomdlavuza we-colorectal zingaba yivelakancane futhi zingacacile. Umdlavuza wamakholoni kanye nama-polyps atholakala kusenesikhathi ngokuvamile awanazo izimpawu. Kodwa-ke, uma zitholwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kunezimpawu nezimpawu ezimbalwa ezivamile ezifana nalezi:

• Uhudo, Ukuqunjelwa, noma ukuncipha kwendle okungahlala isikhashana

• Indle emnyama, ukopha kwe-rectal, noma igazi esitulweni

• Ukuququda noma ukuminyanisa ubuhlungu besisu

• Ukunciphisa ukudla

• Ukuvota

• Weight Loss

• Ukukhathala Nobuthakathaka

• jaundice

Nakuba izimpawu ezibalwe ngenhla kubhekiselwa kuzo njengezivamile, lezi zingase zehluke kumuntu ngamunye. Ezinye zezimpawu ezishiwo ngenhla zingabangelwa ezinye izifo noma izifo ezinjengama-hemorrhoids kanye nesifo samathumbu esivuvukalayo. Uma unanoma yiziphi izimpawu noma izimpawu ezinikezwe ngenhla yenza i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wakho ngokushesha ukuze ukhiphe wonke amathuba.  

Izinkinga ze-Colon Cancer 

Izimo eziningi zomdlavuza wekoloni zenzeka ngaphandle kokuqonda okucacile kwembangela yazo. Ukuthuthukiswa komdlavuza wekoloni kubangelwa izinguquko ku-DNA yamaseli e-colon. I-DNA isebenza njengesiqondiso sokuziphatha kwamaseli, futhi lezi zinguquko zibangela ukuphindaphindeka kwamaseli okungavamile nokuphila isikhathi eside, kuphazamise umjikelezo wempilo yemvelo lapho amaseli anempilo ngokuvamile ayezofa khona. Lokhu kukhula kwamangqamuzana ngokweqile kungase kuholele ekwakhekeni kwesimila, futhi isimo sokuhlasela sala maseli singaphumela ekubhujisweni kwezicubu ezinempilo ezizungezile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, la mangqamuzana ahlakazekile angase ahlukane, asakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, isigaba esibizwa ngokuthi umdlavuza we-metastatic.

Izingozi Zomdlavuza we-Colorectal

Ayikho indlela eqinisekisiwe yokwazi ukuthi uzoba nomdlavuza we-colorectal noma cha. Kodwa-ke, izici ezithile zobungozi zingenza kube lula ukutholwa nomdlavuza we-colorectal. Lokhu kubandakanya:

• Ubudala: Abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-50 banamathuba amaningi okuba nomdlavuza wekoloni. Isilinganiso seminyaka yokutholwa komdlavuza we-colorectal ngokuvamile singama-72.
• isisindo: Ukukhuluphala futhi iyisici esinomthelela emdlavuzeni we-colorectal. 
• Umlando womndeni: Abantu abanamalungu omndeni aseduze noma izihlobo zegazi ezitholakale zinomdlavuza wesikhumba basengozini enkulu yokutholakala nomdlavuza wekoloni.
• Thayipha i-2 sikashukela: Abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 maningi amathuba okuba babe nomdlavuza wekoloni.
• Ukudla: Ukudla inyama ebomvu eningi njengengulube, yenkomo, yenkonyane neyemvu kungandisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wekoloni. Abantu badinga ukulandela a Ukudla okunempilo ukunciphisa ingozi yanoma yiziphi izifo noma izimo. Ukudla izithelo nemifino eminingi kuzosiza abantu ukuba baphile impilo enempilo. 
• Sekutholakele ukuthi unomdlavuza we-colorectal: Labo okutholwe ukuthi banomdlavuza we-colorectal, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala engama-60, kungenzeka ukuthi babe nomdlavuza kwenye ingxenye yekholomu noma i-rectum. Kufanele bafune Ukwelashwa Komdlavuza we-Colorectal e-Hyderabad ukuze bathole usizo olwengeziwe.
• Ama-polyps ku-colon noma i-rectum: Ama-polyps abhekisela ekukhuleni okuthile okungenzeka ku-rectum noma ikholoni. Lezi zimila ngokuvamile azinabungozi futhi zivamile kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-50. Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amanye ala ma-polyp angaba umdlavuza. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kwandisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza we-colorectal. Ama-polyps angatholwa futhi asuswe ngaphambi kokuba abe nomdlavuza.
• Ukubhema: Ukubhema kungandisa ingozi yomuntu yokuba nomdlavuza wesikhumba. Intuthu kagwayi iqukethe izinto ezihlukahlukene ezibangela umdlavuza ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-carcinogens. Uma igwinywa, lokhu kungabangela umdlavuza ezingxenyeni ezithile zesimiso sokugaya ukudla. Ngezinye izikhathi, ama-ejenti angangena emithanjeni yegazi futhi ahambe emzimbeni aye emathunjini.
• I-FAP (Familial Adenomatous Polyposis): I-FAP yisimo sofuzo. Ngaphansi kwalokhu, ama-polyp amaningi akhiwa kusukela eminyakeni engu-16, futhi lapho eneminyaka engu-20, lawa ma-polyp angaba nomdlavuza. Ngakho-ke, labo abane-FAP basengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza we-colorectal ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala engama-40. 
• I-HNPCC (I-Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colon Cancer): Kunezimo ezimbalwa kakhulu lapho umdlavuza we-colorectal ubangelwa khona ngenxa ye-HNPCC. Kodwa-ke, abantu abane-HNPCC basengcupheni yokuba nomdlavuza we-colorectal. Lesi simo singadala nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza. Ezinye izici zobungozi zingabandakanya:

  • Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kotshwala

  • Isifo Samathumbu Esivuvukalayo (IBD)

Ukuxilongwa KweCancer Colorectal

I-Colorectal Cancer ingatholakala ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

• I-Colonoscopy: Lokhu kubhekisela enqubweni yokuxilonga lapho odokotela behlola bonke ubude bamathumbu amakhulu omzimba.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Digital Rectal (DRE): Lokhu kubhekisela ekuhlolweni kwe-rectum.
• I-Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT): Lokhu ukuhlolwa kwegazi okwenziwa ukuhlola indle ukuthi akukho gazi elibonakala kuphela ngosizo lwe-microscope.
• Biopsy: Lokhu kubhekisela enqubweni lapho amasampula ezicubu ekhishwa ngosizo lwenaliti noma ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Lezi zicubu kamuva zihlolwa ngesibonakhulu ukuze kubhekwe noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma angajwayelekile. 
• I-Sigmoidoscopy: Inqubo ezohlola ingxenye engaphansi kwengxenye yesithathu yomathumbu omkhulu.
• I-Barium enema: Inqubo ezohlola amathumbu amakhulu, ingxenye engezansi yamathumbu amancane, kanye ne-rectum isebenzisa udayi ohlukile oqukethe i-barium.

Ezinye izinhlobo zokuxilongwa zingabandakanya isibalo segazi nokuhlolwa kwezithombe. Lezi zivivinyo zingabandakanya i-ultrasound, i-CT Scan, noma i-MRI yesisu.

Ukwelashwa Komdlavuza Wesikhumba

Ngesikhathi se-colonoscopy, ama-polyps amancane ngokuvamile akhishwa ngaphandle kwesidingo sokusikwa emzimbeni. Ezibhedlela ze-CARE, ama-polyps amakhulu noma ayinkimbinkimbi akhishwa ngokuhlinzwa. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokwelashwa komdlavuza we-colorectal e-Hyderabad okwenziwa ezigabeni ezahlukene zomdlavuza we-colorectal. Lokhu kungafaka:

• I-Polypectomy: Lokhu kubhekisela kunqubo yokukhipha ama-polyps ngesikhathi se-colonoscopy. 
• Ukususwa kwe-Endoscopic Mucosal Resection: Ama-polyps amakhulu akhishwa phakathi nale nqubo yokwelapha. I-colonoscopy yenziwa kusetshenziswa ithuluzi elikhethekile elisiza ukususa ama-polyps.
• Ukuhlinzwa Kwe-Laparoscopic: Lokhu yi ukuhlinzwa okuncane okungavamile. Kule nqubo, kwenziwa ukusika okuncane ukuze kukhishwe amaseli angavamile. 
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Lokhu ukwelashwa okuvamile okusebenzisa imithi ethile ukususa noma yiluphi uhlobo lomdlavuza okuhlanganisa nomdlavuza wesikhumba.
• I-Radiation Therapy: Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenzisa imithombo yamandla enamandla njenge-X-ray ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza.

Izibhedlela ze-CARE zingasiza kanjani?

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza kungase kube nzima, kudle isikhathi, futhi kucindezele kokubili udokotela nesiguli. Izibhedlela ze-CARE ziqinisekisa ukuthi lonke uhlelo, okuhlanganisa nokuhlinzwa komdlavuza we-colorectal e-Hyderabad, luhamba kahle ukuze zithole imiphumela engcono kakhulu. Izibhedlela ze-CARE zihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokuxilonga ezithuthuke kakhulu i-oncology. Sisebenzisa amathuluzi asezingeni eliphezulu kanye nobuchwepheshe. Ithimba lethu lodokotela abaqeqesheke kakhulu lihlinzeka ngokwelashwa okufanele kuzo zonke iziguli zethu. Siqinisekisa ukuthi sitholakala njalo kuwe futhi siqinisekisa ukuthi uphila impilo eseqophelweni eliphezulu.