I-Head and Neck Oncology

Ukwelapha Umdlavuza Wekhanda Nentamo e-Hyderabad

Ezinye zezitho ezikhona esifundeni sekhanda nentamo ezijwayele ukukhula umdlavuza yizindlala zamathe, isikhumba, umgodi womlomo, umphimbo, umphimbo, igilo kanye nezindlala ze-parathyroid. Ukwelashwa Komdlavuza Wekhanda Nentamo kuncike kusayizi kanye nendawo yomdlavuza. Izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile eziphakanyiswe ezigulini ezinomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo zihlanganisa ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngemisebe kanye nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali. 

Ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kungaba nemiphumela engemihle esigulini, njengokungezwa, izinkinga zamazinyo, izinkinga zegilo, ubunzima bokudla nokukhuluma. Kodwa-ke, izibhedlela zomdlavuza we-top head and neck zihlinzekwa ngochwepheshe be-CARE Hospitals ukuze banakekele lokhu ngokubacebisa ukuba balandele ukwelashwa kokuhlunyeleliswa lapho ochwepheshe bebasiza ukuba babhekane nemiphumela emibi. 

IZINHLOBO ZOMDLAVUZA 

1. UMDLAVUZA WOMLOMO 

Umdlavuza womlomo igama elisetshenziselwa ukubhekisela kumdlavuza okhula kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomlomo womuntu. Lezi zingxenye zingabandakanya izindebe, izinsini, ulimi, uphahla lomlomo, phansi komlomo, ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi lwezihlathi. Amangqamuzana omdlavuza akhula ngaphakathi emlonyeni abizwa nangokuthi umdlavuza womlomo womlomo. 

IZIMPENDULO

• Ubuhlungu bendlebe
• Ubuhlungu bomlomo
• Izinyo elixegayo
• Ubunzima ngenkathi ugwinya
• isigaxa ngaphakathi emlonyeni
• Isiqephu sombala omhlophe noma obomvu ngaphakathi emlonyeni

I-CUSA

• Ukuphuza kakhulu utshwala
• Isisindo somzimba esiqinile
• Ukuchayeka kwezindebe ekukhanyeni kwelanga isikhathi eside
• Ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi (ugwayi, ugwayi, amapayipi njll.)
• I-HPV (i-papillomavirus yabantu)

2. UMDLAVUZA WEMPILO 

Umdlavuza womphimbo igama elisetshenziselwa ukubhekisela ekukhuleni kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza kupharynx (emphinjeni) noma i-larynx (ibhokisi lezwi). 

Umphimbo womuntu umphimbo onemisipha oxhunywe entanyeni ngekhala. Ukukhula kwamaseli omdlavuza womphimbo kuvame ukutholakala kuma-fat cells abonakala ekleliswe ngaphakathi emphinjeni wethu. Ibhokisi lezwi elihlala ngezansi komphimbo nalo lisengozini yokuthola umdlavuza womphimbo. 

IZIMPENDULO

• Ubuhlungu bendlebe

• Umphimbo obuhlungu

• Ukwehla kwesisindo kungazelelwe

• Isikhukhula

• Ukuhogela kwezwi kanye nobunzima bokukhuluma

• Ubunzima ngenkathi ugwinya 

• I-CUSA

• Ukuphuza utshwala

• Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala 

• Ukudla kancane izithelo nemifino

• Ukuchayeka ku-HPV (i-papillomavirus yabantu)

3. UMDLAVUZA WETHINI

Ukukhula okungavamile kwamaseli ku-tonsil kungaholela kumdlavuza wamathoni. Kungabangela ubunzima ngenkathi ugwinya, ngokuvamile unikeza umuzwa wokuthi kukhona okubanjwe emphinjeni. Umdlavuza we-tonsil kunzima ukuwubona ezigabeni zokuqala zokukhula kwawo. Bavame ukutholakala sekwephuzile kulesi sifo lapho umdlavuza ususabalele kwezinye izitho njengama-lymph nodes entanyeni. 

Ukwelashwa okusikiselwayo komdlavuza wamathoni kuhlanganisa ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali. 

IZIMPENDULO

• Ubuhlungu bendlebe

• Ubunzima ngenkathi ugwinya

• Ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala kwentamo

I-CUSA

• Ukuphuza utshwala

• Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala

• Ukuchayeka ku-HPV (i-papillomavirus yabantu)

4. UMDLAVUZA WEsikhumba 

Ukukhula okungavamile kwamangqamuzana esikhumbeni okuholela kumdlavuza wesikhumba kuwumphumela wokuchayeka ngokweqile kwesikhumba elangeni. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zomdlavuza wesikhumba, i-basal cell carcinoma, i-squamous cell carcinoma kanye ne-melanoma. 

Umdlavuza wesikhumba ungakhula ezindaweni ezichayeka elangeni, njengasekhanda, ubuso, izindebe, izindlebe, isifuba, izingalo, izandla njll. Ezimweni ezingavamile, ungabonakala nasezindaweni ezingachaywanga ilanga. 

Amathuba okuba nomdlavuza wesikhumba angancishiswa ngokugwema ukuchayeka ngokweqile emisebeni ye-UV. 

IZIMPAWU ZE-BASAL CELL CARCINOMA

Lokhu kungabonakala ezindaweni ezichayeke elangeni, njengobuso noma intamo.  

• Izilonda zokopha ezingaphola futhi zibuye

• Isibazi esinombala wenyama

• Iqhubu

IZIMPAWU ZE-SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza lubonakala ezindaweni ezichayeke emisebeni ye-UV njengobuso, izindlebe nezandla.

• Iqhubu elibomvu
• Indawo eyisicaba, enamaxolo. 

IZIMPAWU ZE-MELANOMA

Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza lungakhula noma yikuphi emzimbeni. Emadodeni, itholakala ezindaweni ezifana nobuso noma umboko. Kwabesifazane, kuvame ukutholakala ezindaweni eziphathelene nemilenze engezansi. 

• Indawo ensundu enamachashaza amnyama

• Ukuluma noma ukusha esilondani

• Izilonda ezimnyama ngombala zibonakala entendeni yesandla, ematheni, eminweni, noma ezinzwaneni. 

• Izinguquko zombala zitholakala kumvukuzane, evame ukopha. 

5. UMDLAVUZA WOLIMI 

Ukukhula komdlavuza wolimi kubonakala kumaseli olimi. Ikakhulukazi iqala kumaseli ama-squamous azacile, ayisicaba ahlala phezu kolimi. 

Umdlavuza wolimi ungenzeka emlonyeni. Lokhu kungazwakala kalula futhi kungatholakala ezigabeni zokuqala ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo.

Umdlavuza wolimi ungenzeka nasemphinjeni phansi kolimi. Kulokhu, izimpawu nezimpawu ngokuvamile zingase zinganakwa futhi ngokuvamile zitholakala ezigabeni ezithuthukile lapho umdlavuza ususabalele kuma-lymph nodes entanyeni. 

Ukwelashwa okuvame kakhulu okusikiselwa umdlavuza wolimi ukuhlinzwa, kuyilapho ukwelashwa ngemisebe kanye nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali nakho kungatuswa. 

6. SOFT PALATE CANCER 

Umdlavuza wolwanga oluthambile ukhula kumaseli olwanga oluthambile, olusendaweni engaphezulu ngemuva komlomo wethu nangemuva kwamazinyo ethu. Lo mdlavuza ungena ngaphansi kwesigaba somdlavuza womphimbo ngakho ukwelashwa kwawo kuyefana nowomdlavuza womphimbo.

IZIMPENDULO

• Ubuhlungu bomlomo

• Umoya omubi

• Ukuncipha kwesisindo

• I-Earache

• Kunzima ukugwinya

• Izilonda emlonyeni ezingapholi

• Ukuvuvukala entanyeni

• Amabala amhlophe emlonyeni

UKUHLOLA 

Ukuhlolwa okunconyelwe umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo ngokuvamile kuncike ohlotsheni, indawo, ubudala, impilo evamile kanye nezimpawu zomdlavuza. Ezinye zalezi zivivinyo zihlanganisa;

• Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo kuyenziwa. Udokotela uzwa izigaxa ezikhona entanyeni, ezindebeni, ezihlathini noma ezinsinini zesiguli ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komzimba. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nokuhlolwa komchamo kusiza ekuxilongeni ukuba khona komdlavuza. 

• Okunye ukuhlolwa okuvame ukwenziwa i-endoscopy. Lokhu kuvumela udokotela ukuba ahlole ingaphakathi lomzimba ngosizo lweshubhu elincanyana elishuthekwa ngekhala emphinjeni liye emthonjeni. Lokhu kusiza ekuxilongeni ikhanda nentamo. Iziguli zijovwa ngomjovo ukuze zikhululeke futhi zikhululeke. 

• I-biopsy ingenye ukuhlola okwenziwa ukuze kuhlonzwe ukuba khona kwamangqamuzana abangela umdlavuza. Kule nqubo, udokotela ususa ingxenye encane yezicubu, ebuye ihlolwe yi-pathologist elabhorethri. I-biopsy evamile eyenziwa yi-aspiration yenaliti. Kule nqubo, inaliti encane isetshenziselwa ukuqoqa amangqamuzana ngqo kusuka ku-tumor. 

• I-panoramic radiograph nayo iyisivivinyo esisetshenziselwa ukuxilonga ubukhona bomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo. Kuyi-x-ray ejikelezayo yethambo lemihlathi esiza ekuhloleni amazinyo ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe ezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Yaziwa nangokuthi iRanorex. 

• Kwenziwa i-Ultrasound esebenzisa amaza omsindo ukuthola izithombe zezitho zangaphakathi.

• I-MRI (I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging) isebenzisa amandla kazibuthe ukuze yenze izithombe ezinemininingwane yomzimba. Le nqubo ingasiza ekuxilongeni usayizi wesimila. 

Izibhedlela ze-CARE zihlinzeka ngezibhedlela ezihamba phambili zomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo e-Hyderabad ngobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe kanye nodokotela abahlinzayo abaqeqeshiwe kakhulu.