Ukususwa Kwamatshe Kwezinso

Ukwelashwa Okungcono Kakhulu Kokususwa Kwetshe Lezinso e-Hyderabad, e-India

Amatshe ezinso kukhona usawoti wamaminerali kanye ne-asidi ohlanganisa umchamo ogxilile. Bangase bangakhululeki lapho behamba emgudwini womchamo, kodwa abavamile ukubangela ukulimala okungapheli.

Izimpawu Zezinso Zamatshe 

Itshe lezinso ngokuvamile alizikhiqizi izimpawu kuze kube yilapho lihamba phakathi kwezinso zakho noma lingena ku-ureters - amashubhu axhumanisa izinso nesinye. Uma ibanjwa ku-ureters, ingavimbela ukugeleza komchamo, kubangele ukuthi izinso zibe zinkulu futhi i-ureter igwaze, kokubili okungaba buhlungu obudlulele. Ngaleso sikhathi, ungabona izinkomba nezimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Ukungakhululeki okubukhali ohlangothini nangemuva, ngemuva nje kwezimbambo

• Ubuhlungu obukhazimulayo ngaphansi kwesisu kanye ne-groin

• Umchamo opinki, obomvu noma onsundu

• Umchamo uguqubele 

• Ukuqhephuka nezinzwa

Njengoba itshe lezinso lidlula emgudwini wakho womchamo, ubuhlungu elibubangelayo bungashintsha - isibonelo, ukuthuthela endaweni ehlukile noma ukuphakama kakhulu.

Ukwelashwa

Ukwelashwa kwamatshe ezinso kungahluka kuye ngohlobo lwetshe kanye nembangela. 

Amatshe amancane anezimpawu ezincane:

Khulisa uketshezi oluphuzayo: Ukuphuza cishe amalitha angu-2 kuya ku-3 (amalitha angu-1.8 kuya kwangu-3.6) amanzi ngosuku kugcina umchamo wakho uncibilika futhi kungase kuvimbele ukwakheka kwamatshe. Ngaphandle uma udokotela wakho ekutshela ngenye indlela, hlose ukusebenzisa uketshezi olwanele, okungcono amanzi, ukuze ukhiphe umchamo ocacile noma ocishe ucace.

• Sebenzisa izidambisi zinhlungu: Ukudlula itshe elincane kungase kungakhululeki. Ukuze unciphise ubuhlungu obuncane, udokotela wakho angase asikisele ukudambisa ubuhlungu obungaphezu kwe-counter njenge-ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, abanye) noma i-naproxen sodium (Aleve).
• Ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha: Udokotela wakho angase akunikeze imithi ukuze kube lula ukudlula kwetshe lezinso zakho. Le mithi, eyaziwa ngokuthi ama-alpha-blockers, iphumuza imisipha ku-ureter yakho, ikusiza ukuthi udlule itshe ngokushesha futhi ngobuhlungu obunciphile. Izibonelo zama-alpha blockers zifaka i-tamsulosin nenhlanganisela yesidakamizwa i-dutasteride ne-tamsulosin.

Amatshe amakhulu nalawo abangela izimpawu:

Ezimweni lapho amatshe ezinso emakhulu kakhulu ukuthi angadlula ngokwemvelo, okuholela ekopheni, ukulimala kwezinso, noma izifo eziphindaphindayo zomgudu womchamo, ukwelashwa okubanzi kuyadingeka. Lezi zinqubo zingabandakanya:

• I-Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL):
• Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenzisa amaza omsindo ukuphula amatshe ezinso.
• Kunconywa ezinhlotsheni ezithile zamatshe ngokusekelwe ngobukhulu nendawo.
• I-ESWL ikhiqiza amaza okwethuka ahlukanise amatshe abe yizicucu ezincane, ezingadluliswa ngomchamo.
• Inqubo ithatha amaminithi angu-45 kuya kwangu-60 futhi ingase ihlanganise ukuthulisa noma ukulalisa izinzwa okulula.
• Imiphumela engemihle engase ibe khona ihlanganisa igazi emchameni, imihuzuko, nokungakhululeki njengoba izingcezu zamatshe zidlula emgudwini womchamo.

I-Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy:

• Ngamatshe ezinso ezinkulu kakhulu, i-percutaneous nephrolithotomy ihilela ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa.
• Izibonakude ezincane nezinsimbi kufakwa ngokusikwa okuncane ngemuva.
• I-anesthesia ejwayelekile isetshenziswa, futhi iziguli zivame ukuchitha usuku olulodwa kuya kwezimbili esibhedlela.
• Le nqubo ingase inconywe uma i-ESWL ingaphumeleli.

Ureteroscopy:

• Ishubhu elincanyana, elikhanyayo (i-ureteroscope) elinekhamera lifakwa ngomgudu womchamo nesinye ukuze kukhishwe amatshe amancane ku-ureter noma ezinso.
• Amathuluzi akhethekile asetshenziselwa ukubamba noma ukuphula amatshe.
• I-stent ingase ifakwe ku-ureter ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala nokusiza ukuphulukiswa.
• I-anesthesia, kungaba evamile noma yendawo, ingadingeka.

I-Parathyroid Gland Surgery:

• Amatshe e-calcium phosphate angabangelwa yizindlala ze-parathyroid ezingasebenzi ngokweqile.
• Ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwehomoni ye-parathyroid (hyperparathyroidism) kungakhuphula amazinga e-calcium futhi kuholele ekwakhekeni kwamatshe.
• Ukuhlinzwa ukususa isimila esiyingozi ku-parathyroid gland noma ukwelashwa kwesimo esibangela i-hyperparathyroidism kungavimbela ukwakheka kwamatshe okuqhubekayo.

Ukuxilongwa kwamatshe ezinso

Uma udokotela wakho ekholelwa ukuthi unetshe lezinso, ungase wenze lezi zivivinyo zokuxilonga ezilandelayo nezinqubo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungase kusikisele ukuthi une-calcium eyeqile noma i-uric acid egazini lakho. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi isiza udokotela wakho ukuthi aqaphe impilo yezinso zakho futhi ingase imenze afune ezinye izinto ezikukhathazayo zezokwelapha.

• Ukuhlaziywa komchamo: Ukuhlolwa kokuqoqwa komchamo wamahora angu-24 kungase kubonise ukuthi ukhipha amaminerali amaningi akha amatshe noma awenele amakhemikhali okuvimbela amatshe. Udokotela wakho angancoma ukuthi uqoqe amasampula omchamo amabili ezinsukwini ezimbili ezilandelanayo zalokhu kuhlolwa.

• Ukufanekisa: Ukuhlolwa kwesithombe somgudu womchamo kungase kwembule amatshe ezinso. Ngisho namatshe amancane angatholwa kusetshenziswa i-computer ye-high-speed noma i-dual-energy computerized tomography (CT). Ngenxa yokuthi ama-X-ray alula wesisu angase angawaboni amatshe ezinso ezincane, asetshenziswa kancane.

Enye indlela yokuxilonga yokuxilonga amatshe ezinso i-ultrasound, ukuhlolwa okungavamisile okushesha futhi okuqondile ukukusebenzisa. Amatshe adlulisiwe ayahlaziywa. Ungase ucelwe ukuba uchamele esisefweni ukuze ubambe noma yimaphi amatshe adlulayo. Ukwakheka kwamatshe ezinso zakho kuzovezwa ngophenyo lwaselabhorethri. Lolu lwazi lusetshenziswa udokotela wakho ukuthola ukuthi yini ebangela izinso zakho futhi wenze uhlelo lokuvimbela amatshe ezinso esikhathini esizayo.

Ukwelashwa kwamatshe ezinso kuyehluka kuye ngohlobo lwetshe kanye nembangela. Iningi lamatshe ezinso ezincane alikudingi ukwelashwa okuhlaselayo. Izixazululo udokotela wakho azoziphakamisa zihlanganisa:

• Ukuphuza amalitha angu-2 kuya kwangu-3 (amalitha angu-1.8 kuya kwangu-3.6) amanzi ngosuku kuzogcina umchamo wakho uhlanjululwe futhi kungase kugweme ukwakheka kwamatshe. Phuza uketshezi olwanele - okungcono kakhulu amanzi - ukuze udale umchamo ocacile noma ocishe ucace, ngaphandle uma udokotela wakho ekweluleka ngendlela ehlukile.

• Imithi elwa nokuvuvukala 

Amatshe ezinso amakhulu kakhulu ukuthi azidlulele ngokwawo noma abangela ukopha, ukulimala kwezinso noma izifo eziphindaphindayo zomgudu womchamo kungase kudinge ukwelashwa okuphelele. Izinqubo zingabandakanya lokhu okulandelayo:

• Amagagasi omsindo asetshenziselwa ukuqhekeza amatshe. Udokotela wakho angase aphakamise i-extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) kwamanye amatshe ezinso, kuye ngosayizi wawo nendawo.

• Indlela ye-ESWL isebenzisa amaza omsindo ukuze ikhiqize ukudlidliza okunamandla (amagagasi athuthumela) aphihliza amatshe abe yizicucu ezingase zihanjiswe ngomchamo wakho. Ukuhlinzwa kuthatha cishe imizuzu engama-45 kuya kwengama-60 futhi kungaba buhlungu, ngakho-ke ungase ulaliswe noma unikezwe isibulali-zinzwa esithambile ukuze ukhululeke kakhudlwana.

Igazi emchameni, imihuzuko emhlane noma esiswini, ukopha eduze kwezinso nezinye izitho eziseduze, kanye nobuhlungu njengoba izingcezu zamatshe zihamba emgudwini womchamo kuyizimpawu ze-ESWL.

I-Percutaneous nephrolithotomy iyindlela yokwelapha yokuhlinzwa ehlanganisa ukususa itshe lezinso usebenzisa izibonakude ezincane kanye nemishini ebekwe ngokusikwa okuncane emhlane wakho.

Phakathi nenqubo, uzolaliswa futhi uzohlala esibhedlela usuku olulodwa kuya kwezimbili ukuze ululame. Uma i-ESWL yehluleka, udokotela wakho angase aphakamise lokhu kuhlinzwa.

Ukuze ususe amatshe, udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa i-scope. Ishubhu elincane elikhanyayo (i-ureteroscope) elifakwe ikhamera lingathunyelwa nge-urethra nesinye ku-ureter yakho ukuze kukhishwe itshe elincane ku-ureter noma izinso zakho.

Uma itshe selikhonjiwe, izinto ezithile ezisetshenziswayo zingalibamba noma zilihlephule libe yizicucu ezizogeleza ngomchamo wakho. Ngemva kwalokho, udokotela wakho angase afake ishubhu elincane (i-stent) ku-ureter ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala futhi kube lula ukululama. Phakathi nalokhu kwelashwa, ungase udinge i-anesthetic evamile noma yendawo.

Ukuhlinza indlala ye-parathyroid: Izindlala ze-parathyroid ezisebenza ngokweqile, ezibekwe emagumbini amane endlala yakho yegilo, ngaphansi kwe-apula lika-Adamu (eliphambi kwebhokisi lakho lezwi noma i-larynx), ziwumthombo wamatshe athile e-calcium phosphate. Uma lezi zindlala zenza i-hormone ye-parathyroid eningi kakhulu (hyperparathyroidism), amazinga akho e-calcium angase abe phezulu kakhulu.

I-Hyperparathyroidism ingakhula lapho isimila esincane, esiyingozi sikhula kwesinye sezindlala zakho ze-parathyroid, noma uma unesinye isifo esidala ukuthi lezi zindlala zikhiqize ihomoni eyengeziwe ye-parathyroid. Amatshe ezinso avinjelwa ukuba akheke ngokususa ukukhula endlaleni. Ngaphandle kwalokho, udokotela wakho angase akweluleke ukuthi ulungise inkinga ebangela indlala yakho ye-parathyroid ukuba ikhiqize ngokweqile i-hormone.

Prevention

Ukuvimbela amatshe ezinso kungase kuhlanganise inhlanganisela yokuguqulwa kwendlela yokuphila nezidakamizwa:

Izinguquko endleleni yokuphila

Unganciphisa ingozi yamatshe ezinso ngokwenza lokhu okulandelayo:

• Phuza amanzi amaningi usuku lonke. Odokotela ngokuvamile batusa ukuphuza uketshezi olwanele ukuze kudlule amalitha angu-2.1 (amalitha angu-2) omchamo ngosuku kulabo abanomlando wokuba nezinso. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uphuza amanzi anele, udokotela wakho angase akucele ukuthi ulinganise umchamo wakho.

• Uma uhlala endaweni eshisayo, eyomile noma ujwayele ukuvocavoca umzimba, kungase kudingeke uphuze amanzi amaningi ukuze ukhiphe ukuchama okwanele. Cishe uphuza amanzi anele uma uchama wakho ulula futhi ucacile.

• Yehlisa ukudla kwakho okunothe nge-oxalate. Uma ujwayele ukuba namatshe e-calcium oxalate, udokotela wakho angase akweluleke ukuthi unciphise ukudla okucebile nge-oxalate. I-Rhubarb, ubhontshisi, i-okra, isipinashi, i-Swiss chard, ubhatata, ama-alimondi, itiye, ushokoledi, upelepele omnyama, nemikhiqizo yesoya iphakathi kwazo.

• Yehlisa ukudla kwakho usawoti kanye namaprotheni ezilwane. Yehlisa ukudla kwakho usawoti bese ukhetha imithombo yamaprotheni okungewona awesilwane njengobhontshisi. Sebenzisa esikhundleni sikasawoti.

• Qhubeka nokudla ukudla okune-calcium eningi, kodwa qaphela ngenkathi usebenzisa izithako ze-calcium. I-calcium evela ekudleni ayinathonya elincane engcupheni yakho yamatshe ezinso. Ngaphandle uma uqondiswa udokotela wakho, qhubeka nokudla ukudla okunothe nge-calcium.

• Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa izithasiselo ze-calcium, bonana nodokotela wakho ngoba ziye zaxhunyaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yamatshe ezinso. Unganciphisa ingozi yakho ngokudla amavithamini ekudleni kwakho. Ukudla okungenayo i-calcium kungase kuthuthukise ukukhiqizwa kwamatshe ezinso kwabanye abantu.

Cela ukudluliselwa kudokotela wakho kuchwepheshe wezokudla ongakusiza ekwenzeni uhlelo lokudla olunganciphisa ingozi yokuba nezinso.

Uma kwenzeka kunamatshe ezinso ezincane angavimbi izinso zakho noma abangele ezinye izinkinga, udokotela wakho angase aqaphe isimo sakho futhi akunikeze imithi nokunakekelwa okusekelayo. Kodwa-ke, uma unetshe elikhulu lezinso futhi uhlangabezana nokungakhululeki okukhulu noma ubunzima bezinso, udokotela wakho angase atuse imithi nezinqubo zokwelapha ukwelapha lesi simo.